Pharmacodynamics Basics
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Questions and Answers

What are the two parameters on which agonist potency depends?

  • Synaptic transmission and bioavailability
  • Affinity and efficacy (correct)
  • Metabolism and excretion
  • Pharmacokinetics and absorption

    • What term is used to describe receptors that are not occupied by an agonist?

  • Super receptors
  • Spare receptors (correct)
  • Unutilized receptors
  • Free receptors

    • Which type of drugs can produce the maximum response without occupying all available receptors?

  • Very potent agonists (correct)
  • Partial agonists
  • Inverse agonists
  • Competitive antagonists

    • What is the mechanism of action of nitroglycerine?

    <p>Enzyme activation (guanylyl cyclase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dose-response effects, what does a very potent drug typically require?

    <p>A small concentration to elicit maximal effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of curve is useful for differentiating between a series of agonists based on their potency?

    <p>Dose-Response curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors have an intracellular domain that binds and activates tyrosine kinase when occupied?

    <p>Kinase-linked receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Ras/Raf/MAP kinase pathway mentioned in the text?

    <p>Controls cell division, growth, and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the insulin receptor autophosphorylates?

    <p>Activates tyrosine kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which second messenger controls the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from intracellular stores?

    <p>IP3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of PI3 kinase in signal transduction?

    <p>Phosphorylates a lipid-soluble target PIP2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is activated by many cytokines and controls the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators?

    <p>Jak/Stat pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process can lead to a decrease in drug effectiveness over time?

    <p>Physiological adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is linked to tyrosine kinase?

    <p>Insulin receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dose refers to the amount of substance that kills 50 percent of the subjects in a sample?

    <p>LD50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes can result in decreased number of receptors on the cell surface?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type responds to agonists by becoming downregulated?

    <p>Receptors linked to ion channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the dose at which 50 percent of the population manifests a given toxic effect?

    <p>TD50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between competitive and non-competitive antagonists?

    <p>Competitive antagonists bind reversibly, while non-competitive antagonists bind irreversibly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does tachyphylaxis differ from tolerance?

    <p>Tachyphylaxis is a decrease in drug response that occurs within minutes, while tolerance is a decrease in drug response that occurs over days and weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a non-competitive antagonist on the agonist Dose-Response curve?

    <p>A non-competitive antagonist causes a slight dextral shift in the low concentration range, with an eventual decrease in the maximal response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the mechanisms causing tachyphylaxis and tolerance?

    <p>Physiological adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a competitive antagonist on the agonist Dose-Response curve?

    <p>A competitive antagonist causes a shift to the right without a change in slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mechanism causing tachyphylaxis and tolerance?

    <p>Physiological adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?

    <p>The effects of drugs on the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins do most drugs bind to in order to be effective?

    <p>Target proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for drugs that replace a missing substance in the body?

    <p>Replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug mechanism of action involves the binding of drugs to ion channels?

    <p>Ion Channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the way in which a drug produces its effects within the body?

    <p>Mechanism of Action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a cytotoxic drug?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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