Pharmacodynamics Basics

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What are the two parameters on which agonist potency depends?

Synaptic transmission and bioavailability

Affinity and efficacy (correct)

Metabolism and excretion

Pharmacokinetics and absorption

What term is used to describe receptors that are not occupied by an agonist?

Super receptors

Spare receptors (correct)

Unutilized receptors

Free receptors

Which type of drugs can produce the maximum response without occupying all available receptors?

Very potent agonists (correct)

Partial agonists

Inverse agonists

Competitive antagonists

What is the mechanism of action of nitroglycerine?

Enzyme activation (guanylyl cyclase) Signup and view all the answers

In dose-response effects, what does a very potent drug typically require?

A small concentration to elicit maximal effect Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curve is useful for differentiating between a series of agonists based on their potency?

Dose-Response curve Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors have an intracellular domain that binds and activates tyrosine kinase when occupied?

Kinase-linked receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Ras/Raf/MAP kinase pathway mentioned in the text?

Controls cell division, growth, and differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the insulin receptor autophosphorylates?

Activates tyrosine kinase Signup and view all the answers

Which second messenger controls the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from intracellular stores?

IP3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of PI3 kinase in signal transduction?

Phosphorylates a lipid-soluble target PIP2 Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is activated by many cytokines and controls the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators?

Jak/Stat pathway Signup and view all the answers

Which process can lead to a decrease in drug effectiveness over time?

Physiological adaptation Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is linked to tyrosine kinase?

Insulin receptor Signup and view all the answers

Which dose refers to the amount of substance that kills 50 percent of the subjects in a sample?

LD50 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes can result in decreased number of receptors on the cell surface?

Endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor type responds to agonists by becoming downregulated?

Receptors linked to ion channels Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the dose at which 50 percent of the population manifests a given toxic effect?

TD50 Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between competitive and non-competitive antagonists?

Competitive antagonists bind reversibly, while non-competitive antagonists bind irreversibly Signup and view all the answers

How does tachyphylaxis differ from tolerance?

Tachyphylaxis is a decrease in drug response that occurs within minutes, while tolerance is a decrease in drug response that occurs over days and weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a non-competitive antagonist on the agonist Dose-Response curve?

A non-competitive antagonist causes a slight dextral shift in the low concentration range, with an eventual decrease in the maximal response Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the mechanisms causing tachyphylaxis and tolerance?

Physiological adaptation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a competitive antagonist on the agonist Dose-Response curve?

A competitive antagonist causes a shift to the right without a change in slope Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mechanism causing tachyphylaxis and tolerance?

Physiological adaptation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?

The effects of drugs on the body Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins do most drugs bind to in order to be effective?

Target proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for drugs that replace a missing substance in the body?

Replacement Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug mechanism of action involves the binding of drugs to ion channels?

Ion Channels Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the way in which a drug produces its effects within the body?

Mechanism of Action Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a cytotoxic drug?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Pharmacodynamics Basics

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Questions and Answers

What are the two parameters on which agonist potency depends?

What term is used to describe receptors that are not occupied by an agonist?

Which type of drugs can produce the maximum response without occupying all available receptors?

What is the mechanism of action of nitroglycerine?

In dose-response effects, what does a very potent drug typically require?

Which type of curve is useful for differentiating between a series of agonists based on their potency?

Which type of receptors have an intracellular domain that binds and activates tyrosine kinase when occupied?

What is the role of the Ras/Raf/MAP kinase pathway mentioned in the text?

What happens when the insulin receptor autophosphorylates?

Which second messenger controls the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from intracellular stores?

What is the function of PI3 kinase in signal transduction?

Which pathway is activated by many cytokines and controls the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators?

Which process can lead to a decrease in drug effectiveness over time?

Which receptor is linked to tyrosine kinase?

Which dose refers to the amount of substance that kills 50 percent of the subjects in a sample?

Which of the following processes can result in decreased number of receptors on the cell surface?

Which receptor type responds to agonists by becoming downregulated?

Which term refers to the dose at which 50 percent of the population manifests a given toxic effect?

What is a key difference between competitive and non-competitive antagonists?

How does tachyphylaxis differ from tolerance?

What is the effect of a non-competitive antagonist on the agonist Dose-Response curve?

What is one of the mechanisms causing tachyphylaxis and tolerance?

What is the effect of a competitive antagonist on the agonist Dose-Response curve?

What is a common mechanism causing tachyphylaxis and tolerance?

What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?

What type of proteins do most drugs bind to in order to be effective?

What is the primary mechanism of action for drugs that replace a missing substance in the body?

What type of drug mechanism of action involves the binding of drugs to ion channels?

What is the term for the way in which a drug produces its effects within the body?

What is an example of a cytotoxic drug?

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