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Questions and Answers
What are the two parameters on which agonist potency depends?
What are the two parameters on which agonist potency depends?
- Synaptic transmission and bioavailability
- Affinity and efficacy (correct)
- Metabolism and excretion
- Pharmacokinetics and absorption
What term is used to describe receptors that are not occupied by an agonist?
What term is used to describe receptors that are not occupied by an agonist?
- Super receptors
- Spare receptors (correct)
- Unutilized receptors
- Free receptors
Which type of drugs can produce the maximum response without occupying all available receptors?
Which type of drugs can produce the maximum response without occupying all available receptors?
- Very potent agonists (correct)
- Partial agonists
- Inverse agonists
- Competitive antagonists
What is the mechanism of action of nitroglycerine?
What is the mechanism of action of nitroglycerine?
In dose-response effects, what does a very potent drug typically require?
In dose-response effects, what does a very potent drug typically require?
Which type of curve is useful for differentiating between a series of agonists based on their potency?
Which type of curve is useful for differentiating between a series of agonists based on their potency?
Which type of receptors have an intracellular domain that binds and activates tyrosine kinase when occupied?
Which type of receptors have an intracellular domain that binds and activates tyrosine kinase when occupied?
What is the role of the Ras/Raf/MAP kinase pathway mentioned in the text?
What is the role of the Ras/Raf/MAP kinase pathway mentioned in the text?
What happens when the insulin receptor autophosphorylates?
What happens when the insulin receptor autophosphorylates?
Which second messenger controls the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from intracellular stores?
Which second messenger controls the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from intracellular stores?
What is the function of PI3 kinase in signal transduction?
What is the function of PI3 kinase in signal transduction?
Which pathway is activated by many cytokines and controls the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators?
Which pathway is activated by many cytokines and controls the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators?
Which process can lead to a decrease in drug effectiveness over time?
Which process can lead to a decrease in drug effectiveness over time?
Which receptor is linked to tyrosine kinase?
Which receptor is linked to tyrosine kinase?
Which dose refers to the amount of substance that kills 50 percent of the subjects in a sample?
Which dose refers to the amount of substance that kills 50 percent of the subjects in a sample?
Which of the following processes can result in decreased number of receptors on the cell surface?
Which of the following processes can result in decreased number of receptors on the cell surface?
Which receptor type responds to agonists by becoming downregulated?
Which receptor type responds to agonists by becoming downregulated?
Which term refers to the dose at which 50 percent of the population manifests a given toxic effect?
Which term refers to the dose at which 50 percent of the population manifests a given toxic effect?
What is a key difference between competitive and non-competitive antagonists?
What is a key difference between competitive and non-competitive antagonists?
How does tachyphylaxis differ from tolerance?
How does tachyphylaxis differ from tolerance?
What is the effect of a non-competitive antagonist on the agonist Dose-Response curve?
What is the effect of a non-competitive antagonist on the agonist Dose-Response curve?
What is one of the mechanisms causing tachyphylaxis and tolerance?
What is one of the mechanisms causing tachyphylaxis and tolerance?
What is the effect of a competitive antagonist on the agonist Dose-Response curve?
What is the effect of a competitive antagonist on the agonist Dose-Response curve?
What is a common mechanism causing tachyphylaxis and tolerance?
What is a common mechanism causing tachyphylaxis and tolerance?
What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?
What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?
What type of proteins do most drugs bind to in order to be effective?
What type of proteins do most drugs bind to in order to be effective?
What is the primary mechanism of action for drugs that replace a missing substance in the body?
What is the primary mechanism of action for drugs that replace a missing substance in the body?
What type of drug mechanism of action involves the binding of drugs to ion channels?
What type of drug mechanism of action involves the binding of drugs to ion channels?
What is the term for the way in which a drug produces its effects within the body?
What is the term for the way in which a drug produces its effects within the body?
What is an example of a cytotoxic drug?
What is an example of a cytotoxic drug?
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