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What is a prescription?
What is a prescription?
A document written by a medical practitioner instructing a pharmacist to prepare and dispense a specific medication for a patient.
What is the inscription of a prescription?
What is the inscription of a prescription?
The part of a prescription that lists the name and quantity of the ingredients needed.
What is the subscription of a prescription?
What is the subscription of a prescription?
The section of a prescription that provides directions to the pharmacist about how to prepare the medication.
What is the signature (or signa) of a prescription?
What is the signature (or signa) of a prescription?
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What is posology?
What is posology?
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What is a slip error in prescription?
What is a slip error in prescription?
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What is a lapse error in prescription?
What is a lapse error in prescription?
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What is a solution?
What is a solution?
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What is a suspension?
What is a suspension?
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What is syrup?
What is syrup?
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What is an elixir?
What is an elixir?
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What is a liniment?
What is a liniment?
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What is a lotion?
What is a lotion?
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What is a powder for oral reconstitution?
What is a powder for oral reconstitution?
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What is an inhalation powder?
What is an inhalation powder?
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What is a dusting powder?
What is a dusting powder?
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What is a divided powder?
What is a divided powder?
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What is an effervescent powder?
What is an effervescent powder?
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What is powder mixing?
What is powder mixing?
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What is a diluent?
What is a diluent?
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What is a granulating agent?
What is a granulating agent?
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What is an organoleptic additive?
What is an organoleptic additive?
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What is a preservative?
What is a preservative?
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What is an antioxidant?
What is an antioxidant?
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What is a buffering agent?
What is a buffering agent?
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What is a suspending agent (thickening agent)?
What is a suspending agent (thickening agent)?
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What is a chelating agent?
What is a chelating agent?
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What is a wetting agent?
What is a wetting agent?
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Study Notes
Pharmaceutics I - Multiple Choice Questions
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Drug Origins: Samhitas reference drugs from animal, plant, and mineral sources, used through the first century AD.
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Father of Medicine: Hippocrates is considered the father of medicine.
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Galenicals: Formulations made of numerous plants.
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First Pharmacy: The first pharmacy opened in Damascus.
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Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) Editions:
- First edition published in 1955.
- Second edition in 1965.
- Third edition in 1975
- Fourth edition in 1985.
- Fifth edition in 1990
- Sixth edition in 1996
- Seventh edition in 2000.
- Eighth edition published in 2007
- Ninth edition published in 2010
- Tenth edition published in 2012
- Eleventh edition in 2014 -Twelfth edition published in 2015 -Thirteenth edition in 2018 -Fourteenth edition in 2021 -Fifteenth edition in 2024
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Pharmacy Act: Introduced in 1947
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Pharmacy Council of India (PCI): Established in 1948.
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United States Pharmacopoeia (USP): The USP is the United States Pharmacopeia.
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First US Pharmacopoeia: Published in 1820
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First National Formulary: Published in 1860
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IP Supplements: An IP Supplement to the first edition was released in 1965
Pharmaceutics I - Dosage Forms and Components
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Dosage Forms: Drugs transformed into suitable forms (e.g., tablets, capsules).
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Dosage Form Components: “Additives” (non-drug components) and “API” (active pharmaceutical ingredients) combine to form dosage forms.
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Simple Syrup: A saturated sucrose solution.
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Powders:
- Types: Hygroscopic, volatile, eutectic, effervescent
- Methods of mixing: Spatulation, tumbling, sifting, trituration
- Capsules: Include gelatin, rice flour, fructose, or dextrose
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Vaginal, Nasal, Buccal Cavities: Specific application areas for drugs.
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Pharmacological Actions: When two or more drugs combine to enhance effect, this is called synergism. A contrasting effect is antagonism. Tolerance, addiction (or habituation), and idiosyncrasy are other potential reactions
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Solution (Liquid dosage form):
- Monophasic: Homogeneous mixture
- Types: Syrups, elixirs, tinctures, solutions, infusions, gargles.
- Components: Solutions often contain a solvent and a solute, as well as other additives (e.g., preservatives)
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Syrups: Nearly saturated sugar solutions often used for oral administration.
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Elixirs: Alcohol-containing liquid preparations (for oral administration)
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Liniments : Semi-solid preparations commonly applied to the skin or muscles
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Enemas: Liquid used for rectal administration (e.g., for treating constipation)
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Other Oral preparations: Mouthwash (or gargles), Throat paints.
Pharmaceutics I - Additional Concepts
- Prescription Writing: Prescription components (e.g., inscription, subscription, superscription), and common abbreviations and symbols.
- Dosage Form Preparation: Methods used to prepare various dosage forms.
- Career Opportunities in Pharmacy: The various career paths and specializations available in the field of pharmacy.
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