Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common method used to improve the aqueous solubility of active agents?
What is a common method used to improve the aqueous solubility of active agents?
- Complexation with polyvinylpyrrolidone (correct)
- Using non-aqueous solvents
- Chemical modification
- Converting to a crystalline form
Which of the following drug modifications can produce a water-soluble derivative?
Which of the following drug modifications can produce a water-soluble derivative?
- Polymer encapsulation
- Addition of emulsifiers
- Synthesis of esters
- Synthesis of sodium phosphate salts (correct)
Why might non-aqueous solvents be preferable for certain drug formulations?
Why might non-aqueous solvents be preferable for certain drug formulations?
- They are always cheaper than aqueous solvents
- They can be used when drugs are unstable in aqueous systems (correct)
- They increase the stability of all drugs
- They provide better flavor and taste
Which oil mentioned is suitable for parenteral use?
Which oil mentioned is suitable for parenteral use?
What characteristic of fixed oils must be considered for parenteral solutions?
What characteristic of fixed oils must be considered for parenteral solutions?
How does the pH of a solution affect the solubility of a weak acid?
How does the pH of a solution affect the solubility of a weak acid?
What is a key consideration when determining the pH for drug solubility?
What is a key consideration when determining the pH for drug solubility?
What type of agent can improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs?
What type of agent can improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs?
What phenomenon is utilized for the formulation of solutions of poorly soluble drugs?
What phenomenon is utilized for the formulation of solutions of poorly soluble drugs?
What should be avoided when using surfactants for drug solubilization?
What should be avoided when using surfactants for drug solubilization?
Which of the following describes the characteristic of water as a solvent in pharmaceutical products?
Which of the following describes the characteristic of water as a solvent in pharmaceutical products?
What is the primary reason why purified water must be used when salts are undesirable?
What is the primary reason why purified water must be used when salts are undesirable?
Which type of water is essential for formulating parenteral solutions?
Which type of water is essential for formulating parenteral solutions?
What is a significant drawback of using aqueous solutions in pharmaceuticals?
What is a significant drawback of using aqueous solutions in pharmaceuticals?
For drugs sensitive to carbon dioxide, which type of water should be used?
For drugs sensitive to carbon dioxide, which type of water should be used?
Flashcards
Mixed Solvent Systems
Mixed Solvent Systems
The use of a blend of solvents to increase the stability of ingredients, especially those sensitive to degradation.
Pharmaceutical Solution
Pharmaceutical Solution
A liquid preparation that contains dissolved drugs, often requiring preservatives to prevent microbial growth.
Purified Water BP
Purified Water BP
Water purified through distillation, deionization, or reverse osmosis, free from salts and often used for pharmaceutical preparations.
Water for Injections
Water for Injections
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Water for Injections (CO2-Free)
Water for Injections (CO2-Free)
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Solubilization
Solubilization
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Surface-Active Agents (SAAs)
Surface-Active Agents (SAAs)
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Micelles
Micelles
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Solubility
Solubility
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Micelle Core
Micelle Core
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Chemical Modification for Solubility
Chemical Modification for Solubility
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Complexation for Solubility
Complexation for Solubility
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Non-Aqueous Solutions for Drug Delivery
Non-Aqueous Solutions for Drug Delivery
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Fixed Vegetable Oils as Solvents
Fixed Vegetable Oils as Solvents
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Considerations for Choosing Non-Aqueous Solvents
Considerations for Choosing Non-Aqueous Solvents
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Study Notes
Dosage Forms I (PT303)
- Course: Dosage Forms I
- Faculty: Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department: Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy
- University: Suez Canal University
- Year: Second Year Students
- Academic Year: 2021/2022
Liquid Dosage Forms
- Understanding solution properties, solubility factors, and dissolution is crucial in pharmaceutical formulation.
- Generally, the solvent is the major component, although exceptions exist (e.g., syrup).
- Advantages of liquid dosage forms: easier to swallow for pediatric/geriatric patients; quicker drug absorption; uniform drug distribution; reduced gastric irritation compared to solid dosage forms.
- Disadvantages of liquid dosage forms: bulky and inconvenient to store and transport; less stable than solid forms; risk of microbial growth; precise dosage can be challenging.
Choice of Solvent
- Water is the most common solvent due to its physiological compatibility and high dielectric constant, suitable for ionisable materials.
- Purified Water (freshly boiled and cooled) is used where salt content is undesirable.
- Water for Injections is used for parenteral solutions, treated to remove pyrogens.
Approaches to Increasing Solubility
- Cosolvency: using a combination of solvents to improve the solubility of a drug in water.
- pH control: adjusting pH to enhance the solubility of weak acids or bases.
- Solubilization: using surface-active agents (SAAs) to increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Micelles can encapsulate the hydrophobic portion of a substance. This allows the substances to dissolve.
- Complexation: forming a complex between a poorly soluble drug and a soluble material to increase solubility.
- Chemical modification: converting a drug to a more water-soluble form, such as by the formation of salts.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the principles of drug solubility and formulation. This quiz covers various methods to enhance aqueous solubility, the role of pH, and considerations for parenteral applications. Ideal for students and professionals in pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences.
