Pharmaceutical Science: Tablets

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Questions and Answers

What is a crucial aspect of a tablet's physical properties during handling?

Being chemically stable

Being acceptable to the patient

Having sufficient mechanical strength to withstand fracture (correct)

Being microbiologically stable

What type of tablet releases the drug rapidly after administration?

Delayed release tablets

Immediate release tablets (correct)

Prolonged release tablets

Modified release tablets

What affects the disintegration of disintegrating tablets?

Addition of absorption enhancers

Choice of disintegrant, type of diluent/filler and lubricant, and production conditions (correct)

Solubility of API

Type of API

What type of tablet is used for incompatible drugs?

Multilayer tablet Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the production of multilayer tablets?

Uses repeated compression to form layers Signup and view all the answers

What can alter the absorption of a drug?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of disintegrants in effervescent tablets?

To facilitate disintegration and dissolution Signup and view all the answers

What type of tablet is designed for pediatrics and geriatrics?

Chewable tablet Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using sorbitol, mannitol, and glucose as fillers in compressed lozenges?

To contribute to a pleasant taste Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of sublingual and buccal tablets?

They allow for rapid bioavailability without first-pass metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of chewable tablets?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a binder in tablet formation?

To hold the tablet ingredients together Signup and view all the answers

Why are effervescent tablets protected from moisture?

To prevent the reaction between the carbonate/bicarbonate and weak acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a glidant in tablet formation?

To reduce friction between the tablet material and the die wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a lubricant in tablet formation?

To reduce friction between the tablet material and the die wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the pH in the mouth that affects sublingual and buccal tablets?

It is relatively neutral Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of tablets in terms of drug administration?

Enables accurate dosing of API Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for poor bioavailability of some drugs in tablets?

Poorly water-soluble or poorly absorbable drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a glidant in tablet formulation?

To reduce friction during tablet compression Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a filler/diluent in tablet formulation?

To increase the bulk volume of powder and size of tablet Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of compacting tablets as a pharmaceutical dosage form?

Convenient to handle Signup and view all the answers

What is a desirable property of a filler/diluent?

Biocompatibility and non-hygroscopic nature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of lactose as a filler/diluent?

It is inexpensive and has a pleasant taste Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a binder in tablet formulation?

To hold the API particles together Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of lactose as a filler/diluent?

It is intolerable to some individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using a patent for a hand-operated compression machine in 1843?

To produce compacts of potassium bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in tablet formulation?

As a filler/diluent to increase the bulk volume of powder and size of tablet Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of tablets in terms of API release?

Uncontrolled release of the API Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a lubricant in tablet formulation?

To reduce friction during tablet ejection Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)?

It is prepared by hydrolysis of cellulose and then spray dried Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate?

It is insoluble in water and non-hygroscopic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a disintegrant in tablet formulation?

To break the tablet into fragments in the presence of a liquid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of binders in the formation of tablets?

To ensure the formation of tablets with required mechanical strength Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following polymers is known for its improved adhesive properties?

Polyvinypyrrolidone (PVP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of lubrication achieved by liquid paraffin?

Fluid lubrication Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration range of binders typically used in the formation of tablets?

2-10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glidants in the formation of tablets?

To improve the flowability of powder Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stearic acid and stearic acid salts on the bonding of particles in tablet formation?

They interfere with the bonding of particles, producing soft tablets Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lubricants in the formation of tablets?

To ensure tablet formation and ejection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a dry binder?

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Tablets

Patent for a hand-operated compression machine granted in 1843
Tablets are solid preparations, each containing a single dose of one or more active ingredients, usually obtained by compressing uniform volumes of particles

Advantages of Tablets

Convenient for drug administration
Greater chemical and physical stability compared to liquid preparations
Enables accurate dosing of API
Convenient to handle
Can be mass-produced cheaply, giving elegant preparations of consistent quality

Disadvantages of Tablets

Poor bioavailability of poorly water-soluble or poorly absorbable drugs
Local irritation caused by some API/harm to the GIT mucosa

Desired Attributes of Tablets

Include the correct dose of the API
Appearance should be elegant
Weight, size, and appearance should be consistent
Release of the API should be controlled and reproducible
Should be biocompatible (not harm patients)
Must have sufficient mechanical strength to withstand fracture and erosion during handling
Must be chemically, physically, and microbiologically stable throughout the shelf-life
Must be acceptable to the patient
Must be packed in a safe manner

Classification of Tablets

Immediate release tablets: released rapidly after administration
Modified release tablets: swallowed intact, required when a rapid onset is not desirable
Disintegrating tablets: time to release drug is short, disintegration followed by drug dissolution and absorption
Chewable tablets: mechanically disintegrate in the mouth, quick and complete disintegration in the mouth
Effervescent tablets: reaction of carbonate/bicarbonate and weak acid in water, liberates carbon dioxide, facilitates disintegration and dissolution
Compressed lozenges: drug dissolved in saliva, disintegrants are not used
Sublingual and buccal tablets: drug release and systemic uptake in the mouth, rapid bioavailability without first-pass metabolism

Excipients

Filler/diluent: increases bulk volume of powder and size of tablet
Disintegrant: breaks tablet into fragments in the presence of a liquid, promotes dissolution
Binder: ensures formation of tablets with required mechanical strength
Glidant: improves flowability of powder
Lubricant: ensures tablet formation and ejection, reduces friction between die wall and the solid
Antiadherent: prevents sticking of tablet to die wall

Filler/Diluent

Should weigh ± 50 mg – suitable for handling
Low dose/potent require substance to increase bulk volume of powder and size of tablet
Ideal properties: chemically inert, non-hygroscopic, biocompatible, good biopharmaceutical properties, good technical properties, acceptable taste, cheap
Examples: lactose, cellulose derivatives, sugars/sugar alcohols

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Description

Assess your knowledge of tablets as a pharmaceutical dosage form, including their advantages, quality attributes, excipients, classification, and production mechanisms.