Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I PC101 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the molecular formula for pentane?

  • C5H10
  • C5H18
  • C5H12 (correct)
  • C5H14

    • Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for C8H18?

  • Heptane
  • Octane (correct)
  • Nonane
  • Butane

    • What prefix is used to indicate three substituents in an alkane's name?

  • penta-
  • tetra-
  • di-
  • tri- (correct)

    • In naming alkanes, which of the following groups are not considered in alphabetical order?

    <p>di- and tri-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkane has the molecular formula C11H24?

    <p>Undecane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When naming alkanes, how should the carbon chain be numbered?

    <p>From the end that gives the lowest number to the substituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a chain with two identical substituents, which prefix is used to denote their quantity?

    <p>di-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a saturated hydrocarbon?

    <p>Ethylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of halogenation of alkanes?

    <p>Free radical mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which halogen is more reactive and non-selective in the halogenation of alkanes?

    <p>Chlorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing a Clemmensen reduction, what reagents are typically used?

    <p>Zn/Hg/HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of decarboxylation of carboxylic acids?

    <p>Reduction in carbon content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a halogenation reaction, which hydrogen is most likely to react with bromine?

    <p>Tertiary hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond angle characteristic of sp3 hybridized carbon atoms in alkanes?

    <p>109.5º</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of reducing carbonyl compounds?

    <p>Same number of carbon atoms as starting material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reagent is used in the Wolf-Kishner reduction?

    <p>NH2–NH2/base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for the compound CH3–CH2–CH2–CH3?

    <p>n-pentane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents an isoalkane?

    <p>CH3–CH(CH3)–CH2–CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound can be classified as neopentane?

    <p>CH3–C(CH3)2–CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of removing one hydrogen atom from an alkane?

    <p>Forming an alkyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction is commonly used to prepare alkanes from alkyl halides?

    <p>Wurtz reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using catalysts like Ni or Pd in catalytic reduction?

    <p>To enhance the reaction speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which name corresponds to a compound with the structure CH3–CH(CH3)–CH2–C(CH3)2–CH2?

    <p>6,6-Diethyl-4-isopropyl-2,3-dimethyloctane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the structure of isopentane?

    <p>CH3–CH(CH3)–CH2–CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond angle associated with a structure mentioned in the content?

    <p>108°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the behavior of five and six membered rings?

    <p>They do not undergo ring opening and perform normal substitution reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hydrogenation reaction at 200°C with H2/Ni, what product is formed from propene?

    <p>C3H8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product when cyclohexene reacts with chlorine in the presence of UV light?

    <p>Cyclohexyl chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction occurs when cyclohexene is treated with NaOH?

    <p>Normal substitution reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of the nitration process described?

    <p>Replacement of hydrogen with a NO2 group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction mechanism is involved in the nitration process?

    <p>Free radical mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During sulphonation, to which type of hydrogen atom does sulphonation primarily occur?

    <p>Tertiary hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced during the oxidation of alkanes when burned with oxygen?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is necessary for the pyrolysis of alkanes to occur?

    <p>Absence of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of acid is used in the sulphonation process?

    <p>Fuming sulphuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main products formed from the thermal decomposition (cracking) of alkanes?

    <p>Smaller alkanes and alkenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction requires a temperature of around 500ºC and concentrated nitric acid to replace a hydrogen with an NO2 group?

    <p>Nitration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alicyclic compounds (cycloalkanes)?

    <p>C_nH_2n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In naming '1-Ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane', how should you assign the substituent numbers?

    <p>Give the substituents the lowest possible numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the side chain has more carbon atoms than the ring in a cycloalkane?

    <p>The ring is treated as a substituent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about trivial names of cycloalkanes?

    <p>They are named as polymethylene derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prerequisite for using internal Wurtz reaction in preparing cycloalkanes?

    <p>Halogen atoms separated by less than six carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When preparing alicyclic compounds, what is a common reagent used in the dehalogenation process?

    <p>Zn or Na</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be removed from the name of a cycloalkane to convert it to a radical?

    <p>The suffix '–ane'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly represents a cycloalkane name?

    <p>Cyclobutane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course Title: Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I PC101
    • Instructor: Mona S. El-Zoghbi, Ph.D. Pharm. Sc.
    • Department: Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
    • Email: [email protected]

    Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

    • Students will be able to recognize several organic terms.
    • Students will be able to identify different types of chemical bonds.
    • Students will be able to recognize different classes of organic compounds.
    • Students will be able to assess the structural features of organic compounds and their IUPAC names.
    • Students will be able to demonstrate alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and alkyl halides (nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, preparation, and chemical reactions).
    • Students will be able to classify different reaction mechanisms.
    • Students will be able to outline fundamental principles and applications of stereochemistry, stereo-dynamic, hydroxyl, and carbonyl compounds.
    • Students will be able to identify principles of aromaticity and benzenoid compounds.

    Organic Compounds

    • Acyclic: Open chain aliphatic compounds
      • Alicyclic: Carbocyclic
        • Aromatic
      • Cyclic: Carbocyclic
        • Heterocyclic

    Organic Compound Types

    • Organic compounds: Compounds containing carbon in C-C bonds. Organic compounds come from organisms.
    • Carbocyclic compounds: Cyclic organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen.
    • Alicyclic compounds: Saturated cyclic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. They behave like alkanes (examples: cyclopropane, cyclohexane).
    • Aromatic compounds: Carbocyclic compounds containing a benzene ring or cyclic compounds with a low H/C ratio (examples: benzene, naphthalene).
    • Heterocyclic compounds: Cyclic organic compounds containing one or more heteroatoms (nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen). (examples: pyridine, furan, thiophen).

    Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

    • Saturated: Alkanes (general formula CnH2n+2)
    • Unsaturated: Alkenes (contain double bonds), Alkynes (contain triple bonds)

    Alkanes

    • General formula: CnH2n+2
    • Nomenclature:
      • Common names ("trivial names")
      • IUPAC system (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)
    • Naming rules include:
      • Longest continuous carbon chain
      • Substituent numbering for lowest numbers
      • Multiple substituents are listed in alphabetical order.

    Alkyl groups

    • Obtained by removing one hydrogen from an alkane.
    • Replace the "-ane" suffix with "-yl"
    • Examples: methyl from methane, ethyl from ethane, propyl from propane
    • "iso" and "neo" are prefixes associated with some branched alkyl groups.

    Alkane Preparations

    • From unsaturated hydrocarbons (catalytic reduction):
      • Reacting unsaturated hydrocarbons with hydrogen and a catalyst (eg. Ni or Pd).
    • From alkyl halides:
      • Reduction: alkyl halides react with substances such as Zn/HCl, Mg/Hg/EtOH, or LiAlH4 to form alkanes.
      • Wurtz reaction: alkyl halides react with sodium metal to yield alkanes.
    • From Grignard reagents: alkyl halides react with magnesium metal to form alkanes using specific conditions
    • From carbonyl compounds (e.g. Clemmenson, Wolf-Kischner reductions): reducing carbonyl compounds for alkanes using different catalysts.

    Alkane Reactions

    • Generally inert: Do not readily react.
    • Halogenation: Substitution reactions at high temperatures or with light. Chlorine reacts more readily, but is less selective. Iodine is less reactive and more selective.

    Cycloalkanes

    • Alkanes with cyclic carbon structures.
    • General formula: CnH2n
    • Nomenclature:
      • Prefix "cyclo-" is added to the alkane name to indicate the cyclic structure.
      • Following standard alkane naming rules.

    Cycloalkane Preparations

    • From other cyclic compounds: Certain cyclic compounds react to form cycloalkane.
    • By dehalogenation of dihalogen derivatives: Dihalogen derivatives react with reagents to yield cycloalkanes.

    Reactions of Cycloalkanes and Five/Six-membered Rings

    • Baeyer Strain theory: The difference between bond angle from tetrahedral angle will affect their stability and strain of the ring structure
    • Cycloalkanes with smaller ring sizes have higher strain.
    • Strained five/six membered rings may still undergo normal substitution reactions.

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    Description

    This quiz tests your knowledge on fundamental concepts in Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I. You will be assessed on your understanding of organic terms, types of chemical bonds, and various classes of organic compounds. Prepare to classify reaction mechanisms and outline key principles of stereochemistry.

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