24 Questions
What is the typical range of dimensions considered in pharmaceutical nanotechnology?
Between 1 and 100 nanometers
What is a unique property of nanoparticles compared to micro or macroparticles?
Easy to suspend in liquids
What is the effect of decreased particle size on the percentage of molecules on the surface monolayer?
It increases the percentage of molecules on the surface monolayer
What is the result of increased surface area of nanoparticles?
Faster dissolution rate
What is the advantage of nanoparticles in terms of sterilization?
They can be easily sterilized by filtration with a 0.22-μm filter
What is the result of increased contact area due to the small size of nanoparticles?
Stronger adhesion due to van der Waals attraction
What is the primary purpose of surface modifiers in wet ball milling?
To prevent agglomeration through steric and/or electrostatic stabilization
What is the typical size range of drug particles achieved through wet ball milling?
Less than 0.4 μm
What is the function of the milling chamber in the media milling process?
To process the crude slurry into a nanocrystalline dispersion
What is the benefit of operating the mill under refrigerated conditions?
To minimize thermal degradation
What is the maximum drug concentration that can be milled using wet ball milling?
40%
What is the role of the polymeric media in the media milling process?
To provide the milling energy
What is the primary reason why large microparticles settle out from suspension?
Because of gravity
What is the main advantage of using nanoparticles in drug delivery?
They can reach the subcellular level
What is size reduction of particles used for?
To prepare drug particles in the nanosize range
What is molecular agglomeration used for?
To form nanoparticle carriers
What is the viscosity of the liquid (η) related to?
The Stokes-Einstein equation
What is the main requirement for a delivery system?
Ability to move freely and cross various barriers
What was the deposition percentage for 100-nm particles in inflamed colonic mucosa?
14.5%
Why are nanoparticles prone to aggregation?
Due to their large surface area to volume ratio
What happens to the hydrodynamic size of particles when they aggregate?
It increases
What is the purpose of PEGylation in nanoparticle formulation?
To reduce the aggregation of the particles
Why do particles below 1000 nm in size not settle easily?
Due to Brownian motion
What is the result of aggregation on the effective surface area of nanoparticles for interactions with receptors?
It reduces the effective surface area
Learn about the basics of pharmaceutical nanotechnology, including its definition, nanoparticle properties, and applications in the field of medicine. Explore the unique properties of nanoparticles and their role in pharmaceutical materials and products.
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