Pesticide Formulations
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of formulating pesticides?

  • To reduce the cost of pesticides
  • To improve the effectiveness of pesticides (correct)
  • To make the storage of pesticides more convenient
  • To enhance the pesticidal effect of the active ingredient

    • What is the term for the chemical responsible for the pesticidal effect?

  • Inert ingredient
  • Diluent
  • Active ingredient (correct)
  • Carrier

    • What is the term for a substance added to a pesticide formulation to improve its effectiveness?

  • Carrier
  • Active ingredient
  • Inert ingredient
  • Adjuvant (correct)

    • What is the purpose of a diluent in a pesticide formulation?

    <p>To reduce the concentration of the active ingredient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the way a pesticide is prepared for practical use?

    <p>Formulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an inert ingredient in a pesticide formulation?

    <p>A substance that has no pesticidal action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding a carrier to a pesticide formulation?

    <p>To prepare a pesticide for practical use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are pesticides rarely applied in their technical form?

    <p>Because they need to be formulated for practical use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a carrier in a pesticide formulation?

    <p>To prepare the pesticide for practical use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is improved by formulating pesticides?

    <p>The handling, storage, application, and safety of the pesticide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an emulsifier in a formulation?

    <p>To aid in suspending one liquid in another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a mixture of fine solid particles in a liquid?

    <p>Suspension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an emulsifiable concentrate?

    <p>It is a fine suspension of oil droplets in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a chemical that causes a liquid to contact surfaces more thoroughly?

    <p>Wetting agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a surfactant in a formulation?

    <p>To increase the emulsifying, dispersing, spreading, and wetting properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a mixture of one liquid in another liquid?

    <p>Emulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a wettable powder?

    <p>It is a dry formulation that can be mixed with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a chemical that dissolves in a liquid?

    <p>Soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a formulation that is a mixture of fine solid particles in a gas?

    <p>Aerosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a microencapsulated product?

    <p>It is a formulation where a substance is enclosed in a tiny capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using wettable powders compared to other formulations?

    <p>They do not absorb into porous surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disadvantage of using suspensions?

    <p>They require constant agitation prior to application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using granular formulations?

    <p>They have a long residual life outdoors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disadvantage of using aerosols?

    <p>They are prone to drift and can contaminate non-target surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using microencapsulated products?

    <p>They provide long-term control and have a low odor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disadvantage of using fumigants?

    <p>They are highly toxic to people and require special precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using baits?

    <p>They are easy to use and can be targeted to specific species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of dusts?

    <p>They are often long-lasting and can be easily cleaned up if spilled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using solutions?

    <p>They form clear liquids for spraying and have a low hazard of burning plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disadvantage of using wettable powders?

    <p>They can be abrasive and damage pumps and nozzles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Pesticide Formulations

    • Wettable powders (WP): fine particles suspended in water, require constant agitation prior to application, examples: Demon WP, Tempo WP
    • Suspensions: fine particles suspended in water, require constant agitation prior to application
    • Solution: technical pesticide + diluent, examples: Fendona SC, Premise SC, Termidor SC
    • Dusts: technical pesticide + dry carrier, examples: Carbaryl 5D, Ficam D, Drione, Sevin D, malathion D
    • Aerosols: AI + solvent + propellent + nozzle, examples: Shieldtox, Ridsect
    • Granular formulations: technical pesticide + clay, examples: Dursban G, Talstar G
    • Baits: AI + food base, examples: MaxForce FC, Siege, Recruit, Drax, Dual Choice, Firstline, Niban, Amdro
    • Microencapsulated products: AI + plastic polymer + emulsifiers, examples: Demand CS
    • Fumigants: gaseous insecticides, usually packaged under pressure and stored as liquids, examples: sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane), methyl bromide (Meth-o-gas), Phostoxin (aluminum phosphide)

    Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Formulation

    Wettable Powders

    • Advantages: no oil-based solvents, low to no odor, little hazard of burning plants, little hazard of penetrating skin
    • Disadvantages: inhalation of particles while mixing concentrate, constant agitation of suspension prior to and during application, large mesh strainer must be used in sprayers, pumps and nozzles can be damaged by abrasion of particles, visible residues can occur on dark surfaces

    Suspensions

    • Advantages: spreads evenly over foliage, binds well to soil particles, mild to strong odors, absorption onto porous surfaces
    • Disadvantages: errors in mixing the concentrate with water, some surfaces such as plastic or tile may be damaged, can easily penetrate skin

    Solutions

    • Advantages: clear liquids for spraying
    • Disadvantages: none mentioned

    Dusts

    • Advantages: long lasting, low odor, easy to apply, not absorbed into surfaces, readily picked up by pests
    • Disadvantages: readily become airborne and can contaminate non-target surfaces, readily inhaled by the applicator, can be abrasive, and eye protection should be worn

    Aerosols

    • Advantages: ease of use, ease of storage, no dilution or storage of concentrates
    • Disadvantages: expensive, odor of solvents, atomized droplets are easy to inhale and drift to non-target surfaces

    Granular Formulations

    • Advantages: low drift, ease of application, long residual life outdoors
    • Disadvantages: limited to outdoor application, application equipment must be calibrated often, water is required to release the insecticide

    Baits

    • Advantages: easy to use, little or no mixing, readily control pests moving into or out of an area
    • Disadvantages: other food sources compete with baits, very specific for certain species, can be attractive to children or pets

    Microencapsulated Products

    • Advantages: long term control, low odor, safety, no absorption into surfaces
    • Disadvantages: require constant agitation, may leave visible residues on dark surfaces, not effective in wet areas

    Fumigants

    • Advantages: toxic to a wide variety of pests, good penetration of target areas, single treatment will usually kill all pests in treated area
    • Disadvantages: treated area must be closed or tented to prevent gas from escaping, highly toxic to people

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of key terms and definitions related to pharmaceutical formulations, including emulsions, suspensions, and surfactants. Learn about the different types of formulations and their components. Improve your understanding of pharmaceutical terminology.

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