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What is a characteristic property of Polyethylene Glycols (PEG) as a rectal suppository?
What is a characteristic property of Polyethylene Glycols (PEG) as a rectal suppository?
What is the common length of a rectal suppository made of Polyethylene Glycols (PEG)?
What is the common length of a rectal suppository made of Polyethylene Glycols (PEG)?
Which of the following is NOT a common molecular weight of Polyethylene Glycols (PEG)?
Which of the following is NOT a common molecular weight of Polyethylene Glycols (PEG)?
What shape can rectal suppositories made of Polyethylene Glycols (PEG) take?
What shape can rectal suppositories made of Polyethylene Glycols (PEG) take?
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What is an important characteristic in the dissolution of PEG-based suppositories in the rectum?
What is an important characteristic in the dissolution of PEG-based suppositories in the rectum?
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What is the primary form of PEG 300, 400, and 600 at room temperature?
What is the primary form of PEG 300, 400, and 600 at room temperature?
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Which statement about PEG 1500 and 1540 is true?
Which statement about PEG 1500 and 1540 is true?
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What is a characteristic of the Glycerinated Gelatin formulation?
What is a characteristic of the Glycerinated Gelatin formulation?
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What are bougies primarily used for?
What are bougies primarily used for?
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What is a key property of glycerin that affects Glycerinated Gelatin?
What is a key property of glycerin that affects Glycerinated Gelatin?
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What type of adhesive material is primarily used in plasters?
What type of adhesive material is primarily used in plasters?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of product that can be packaged in tubes?
Which of the following is NOT a type of product that can be packaged in tubes?
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What is the primary use of medicated plasters?
What is the primary use of medicated plasters?
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What concentration of Salicylic acid is commonly used in Salicylic Acid Plaster for corns?
What concentration of Salicylic acid is commonly used in Salicylic Acid Plaster for corns?
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Which of the following describes the primary purpose of unmedicated plasters?
Which of the following describes the primary purpose of unmedicated plasters?
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What method of administration is NOT typically associated with suppositories?
What method of administration is NOT typically associated with suppositories?
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What components are primarily found in glycerogelatin?
What components are primarily found in glycerogelatin?
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What does the term 'suppository' derive from in Latin?
What does the term 'suppository' derive from in Latin?
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What type of action do glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate provide?
What type of action do glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate provide?
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Which of the following materials is NOT mentioned as a component for making suppositories?
Which of the following materials is NOT mentioned as a component for making suppositories?
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What is the preferred storage temperature for cocoa butter suppositories?
What is the preferred storage temperature for cocoa butter suppositories?
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Why are suppositories containing light-sensitive drugs wrapped in opaque materials?
Why are suppositories containing light-sensitive drugs wrapped in opaque materials?
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Which method is primarily used for commercial suppository production?
Which method is primarily used for commercial suppository production?
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What type of suppository acts primarily by stimulating peristalsis?
What type of suppository acts primarily by stimulating peristalsis?
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How are glycerinated suppositories generally stored?
How are glycerinated suppositories generally stored?
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Which of the following materials is used in making suppository molds?
Which of the following materials is used in making suppository molds?
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What is a primary advantage of transdermal drug delivery systems?
What is a primary advantage of transdermal drug delivery systems?
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What should be monitored when using transdermal patches like the Lidoderm patch?
What should be monitored when using transdermal patches like the Lidoderm patch?
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What is a common side effect associated with the use of transdermal drugs?
What is a common side effect associated with the use of transdermal drugs?
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Which of the following is NOT a successful transdermal product mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a successful transdermal product mentioned?
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What is a challenge of transdermal drug delivery mentioned in the content?
What is a challenge of transdermal drug delivery mentioned in the content?
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What is the function of the PET film release liner on a transdermal patch?
What is the function of the PET film release liner on a transdermal patch?
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How is the dosage of the Lidoderm patch specified?
How is the dosage of the Lidoderm patch specified?
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Transdermal drug delivery aims to achieve measurable effects through which method?
Transdermal drug delivery aims to achieve measurable effects through which method?
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Study Notes
Plasters
- Plasters are solid or semi-solid adhesives applied to a backing material
- Examples of backing materials are paper, fabric, moleskin, and plastic.
- Rubber or synthetic resin bases are used to create the adhesive.
- Plasters are applied to the skin for prolonged contact.
- Medicated plasters provide effects at the application site
- Unmedicated plasters provide protection or mechanical support
Salicylic Acid Plaster
- Used to remove corns from toes.
- Contains 10 to 40% concentration of salicylic acid
- Acts as a keratolytic agent to remove dead skin.
Glycerogelatin
- Plastic mass composed of glycerin, gelatin, and medications.
- Glycerin content is approximately 40%.
- Gelatin content is approximately 15%.
- Hygroscopic due to the glycerin content.
Suppositories
- Solid dosage forms inserted into body orifices
- Used for local or systemic effects.
- Dissolve or soften to release medication.
- The term "suppository" comes from the Latin words "sub" (under) and "ponere" (to place).
Rectal Suppositories
- Administered with fingers.
- Typically cylindrical, with one or both ends tapered.
- Bullet, torpedo, or finger-like shapes are also common.
- Adults receive a 2g dose.
- Infants receive a 1g dose.
Vaginal Suppositories
- Also called Pessary or Pessaries.
- Globular, oviform, or cone-shaped.
- Weigh approximately 5g when made with a cocoa butter base.
Urethral Suppositories
- Also called Bougies.
- Slender, pencil-shaped.
- Intended for insertion into the male or female urethra.
Water-Soluble and Water-Miscible Bases
- Polyethylene Glycols (PEG): Polymers of ethylene oxide and water.
- Available in multiple chain lengths, molecular weights, and physical states.
- Molecular weights used in suppositories include: 300, 400, 600, 1000, 1500, 1540, 3350, 4000, 6000, and 8000.
- Water-soluble but dissolve slowly.
- Do not melt at body temperature.
- Dissolve slowly in body fluids.
- Dissolve slowly in the rectum and vagina.
- At room temperature, PEG 300, 400, and 600 are clear, colorless liquids.
- PEG 1000 is a semi-solid.
- PEG 1500 and 1540 are firm, semi-solids.
- PEG 3350, 4000, and 6000 are firm, wax-like solids.
- Glycerinated Gelatin: Composed of granular gelatin (20%), glycerin (70%), and dissolved drugs or suspensions (10%).
- Absorption of moisture is a potential concern.
- Protected from atmospheric moisture.
- Used for vaginal suppositories for prolonged, localized medication release.
- Fatty Acid Bases: Includes palmitic acid and stearic acid.
- Used to deliver continuous medication or germicidal action.
- Examples are glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate.
- This method involves mixing an aqueous solution or suspension of the medication with glycerin and gelatin.
- Glycerin or Soap Suppositories: Composed of Castile soap.
- Produce mechanical and dissolving irritant action.
- Used in the rectum to primarily stimulate peristalsis.
- An alternative to laxatives for young children.
Suppository Packaging
- Glycerin and glycerinated gelatin suppositories are packaged in tightly closed containers to prevent moisture changes.
- Suppositories with cocoa butter bases are individually wrapped or stored in compartment boxes to prevent attachment.
- Light-sensitive products are individually wrapped in opaque materials like metallic foil.
Suppository Storage
- Cocoa butter suppositories should be stored below 30°C and ideally refrigerated between 2°C to 8°C.
- Glycerinated suppositories can be stored at controlled room temperature (20°C to 25°C).
- Suppositories with a polyethylene glycol base can be stored at room temperature.
Suppository Production
- Molding (Fusion): The primary method for commercial production.
- Suppository molds are made from stainless steel, aluminum, brass, nickel-copper alloys, or plastic.
- Molds are used to produce 6-12 or more suppositories.
Medication Sticks
- Prepared similar to suppositories
- The melt is poured into an applicator tube or device.
- Packaged in an applicator tube.
- The applicator can be adjusted to continually expose new, fresh stick from inside the tube.
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDSs)
- Deliver consistent and controlled doses for extended systemic therapy.
- Limited to drugs that meet the necessary physicochemical and therapeutic properties for sustained transdermal delivery.
- Examples include scopolamine, nicotine, estradiol, fentanyl, testosterone, and glyceryl trinitrate patches.
Lidoderm 5% Patch (Lidocaine)
- Adhesive material with 5% lidocaine on a nonwoven polyester felt backing.
- Covered with a PET film release liner that is removed before application.
- Measures 10 x 14 cm, with each patch containing 700 mg of lidocaine in an aqueous base.
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDSs)
- Facilitates drug passage through the skin into the general circulation for systemic effects.
- Measurable blood levels, drug/metabolite excretion in urine, and patient response indicate successful percutaneous absorption.
- Therapeutic blood concentrations are determined by comparing patient response to drug blood levels.
- Therapy duration is dependent on drug properties and required blood levels.
- Skin’s natural barrier limits drug entry, resulting in slower drug delivery.
- Contact dermatitis can occur at the application site, potentially requiring discontinuation.
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Description
Explore the various forms of pharmaceutical plasters, including medicated and unmedicated types. Learn about specific applications like salicylic acid plasters for corns and the composition of glycerogelatin. The quiz also covers the use and function of suppositories in medication delivery.
