Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms I Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following analytical techniques is useful for synthesizing pharmaceutical products?

  • Titration
  • Spectroscopy (correct)
  • Microscopy
  • Thermal analysis

What is the primary purpose of dispensing in pharmaceuticals?

  • To manage pharmaceutical sales
  • To provide comprehensive medical advice
  • To prepare and label medicine according to regulations (correct)
  • To manufacture new drugs

What may necessitate the formulation of new drug delivery systems?

  • Cost reduction in drug manufacturing
  • Overcoming therapeutic incompatibilities (correct)
  • Increasing drug shelf-life
  • Improving patient adherence to medication

Which route of administration carries the risk of first pass effect?

<p>Oral route (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical component of pharmaceutical technology?

<p>Preparation of dosage forms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge when administering drugs orally?

<p>Potential degradation in the gastrointestinal tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which competency involves handling and safely disposing of pharmaceutical materials?

<p>Biological safety management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is essential for promoting effective collaborative work in pharmaceuticals?

<p>Critical thinking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of the metric system over the common system in pharmaceutical calculations?

<p>It facilitates easier calculations and greater accuracy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following dosage forms is NOT typically considered a topical route of drug application?

<p>Injection into the muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many grains are there in one ounce according to the avoirdupois system?

<p>7000 grains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume in minims of 1 fluid ounce?

<p>480 minims (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the apothecaries system, how many ounces are there in a pound?

<p>16 ounces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the grain in both avoirdupois and apothecaries systems?

<p>The grain is the same in both systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system was formulated in France during the late eighteenth century?

<p>Metric system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the apothecaries measures of weight, how many grains are contained in a drachm?

<p>60 grains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the overall aims of the course on Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms I?

<p>To utilize information on weights, measures, and calculations in pharmacy practice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of practice is emphasized within the intended learning outcomes of the course?

<p>Professional and ethical practice in pharmacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dosage form is specifically mentioned to be emphasized for its design and development?

<p>Liquid dosage forms including solutions and emulsions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Upon completion of the course, what skill will students demonstrate regarding pharmaceutical products?

<p>The ability to standardize and manufacture pharmaceutical products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of manufacturing formulation is included in the course aims?

<p>All aspects of packaging, storage, and stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a student outcome related to decision-making?

<p>Students will utilize basic sciences for decision-making and problem-solving. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of good laboratory practice emphasized in the course?

<p>Compounding of liquid dosage forms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What level of pharmacy practice does the course aim to prepare students for?

<p>Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm D-Clinical Pharmacy) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental unit of weight in the metric system?

<p>Gram (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many grams are in 1 pound in the avoirdupois system?

<p>454 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion for 2.4685 ounces into grams?

<p>205 gr (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about metric system length units?

<p>1 decimeter is equal to 0.01 meters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many liters are in 1 kiloliter?

<p>1000 L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent of 1 inch in centimeters?

<p>2.54 cm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which unit represents a smaller volume than 1 milliliter?

<p>Microliter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the metric equivalent of 1 fluid ounce?

<p>30 mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent volume of 1 tablespoonful in milliliters?

<p>15 ml (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a pharmacist dispenses 2 f℥ viii and 4 f℥, what is the total volume in fluidounces?

<p>8 f℥ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion of 165 grains to weighable apothecaries' units?

<p>165 gr (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much opium squill linctus is required if the master formula is 900 ml for a dispensing factor of 1/6?

<p>50 ml (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total volume of alcohol left in liters after dispensing 380 gr from a 1-gallon supply?

<p>2.5 L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent volume in fluidounces of 2.5 L?

<p>84.5 f℥ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total amount of Squill oxymel required when using a dispensing factor of 1/6 on a master formula of 300 ml?

<p>50 ml (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 1 gallon equals 3785 ml, how many milliliters are in 1 fluidounce?

<p>30 ml (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much chloral hydrate is required to prepare 200 ml of the mixture?

<p>40 g (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total amount of syrup needed for 200 ml of the chloral hydrate mixture?

<p>40 ml (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the amount of beeswax needed for 30 g of the ointment.

<p>0.6 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much soft paraffin is used in the ointment preparation for 30 g?

<p>27 g (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total amount of coal tar calculated for preparing 25 g of the paste?

<p>1.5 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What quantity of Zinc oxide is used in the preparation of 25 g of the paste?

<p>5 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component requires the highest quantity when preparing the ointment for 30 g?

<p>Soft paraffin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For making a paste of 25 g, how much starch is needed?

<p>5 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dosage Forms

Different ways medications are prepared for administration, like liquids, suspensions, and emulsions.

Pharmaceutical Calculations

Mathematical skills essential for preparing and dispensing medications accurately.

Liquid Dosage Forms

Medicines given in liquid form, like solutions and suspensions.

Prescription Orders

Instructions for preparing and delivering medications based on patient needs and doctor's orders.

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Quality Assurance

Procedures to ensure the safety, stability, and efficacy of pharmaceutical products.

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Incompatibilities

Chemical reactions or interactions that may occur during medication preparation.

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Pharmaceutical Information

Combination of fundamental science knowledge for handling and preparing medications.

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Fundamental Knowledge

Basic understanding and principles of pharmaceutical concepts and procedures.

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Pharmaceutics

The science and practice of preparing, dispensing, and delivering medications.

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Dispensing

Providing medication to a patient based on a prescription.

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Dosage Forms

Different ways drugs are delivered to the body.

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Oral Route

Administering medication by mouth for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

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First-Pass Effect

Drug metabolism in the liver before reaching systemic circulation.

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Incompatibilities (Pharmaceutical)

Physical, chemical, or therapeutic issues that occur during drug preparation.

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Drug Delivery Systems

Methods to effectively deliver medication to the target site.

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Pharmacokinetics/Biopharmaceutics/Pharmacogenomics

Study of drug movement and behavior in the body and the science of how your body absorbs, distributes and uses drugs.

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1 inch in cm

1 inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters

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1 gram in grains

1 gram is approximately equal to 15.43 grains

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Kilogram to Pound

1 kilogram is approximately equal to 2.2 pounds (avoirdupois)

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1 gram in milligrams

1 gram = 1000 milligrams

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Metric system fundamental unit of length

The fundamental unit of length in the Metric system is the meter.

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Metric system fundamental unit of weight

The fundamental unit of weight in the metric system is the gram.

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Avoirdupois ounce to grains conversion

1 avoirdupois ounce is equal to 437.5 grains.

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Converting from one system to another

To convert between systems (e.g., avoirdupois to metric), express the initial quantity in terms of the base unit of one system, then convert that to the corresponding unit in the desired system.

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1 teaspoonful (ml)

Equivalent to 4 ml

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1 tablespoonful (ml)

Equivalent to 15 ml

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Dispensing Factor (DF)

Ratio of desired amount to the master formula's total amount

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1 gallon (ml)

Equivalent to 3785 ml

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1 liter (ml)

Equivalent to 1000ml

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Apothecary units conversion

Converting between different apothecary units

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Grains to Apothecary Units (Example)

Conversion of 165 grains to apothecary units (ʓ, ℈,etc) based on relevant equivalents

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Converting kg to pounds

1 kg = 2.2 lb

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Apothecaries System

An older system of weights and measures used in pharmaceuticals, distinct from the avoirdupois system.

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Avoirdupois System

Another older system of weights and measures distinct from the apothecaries system, used for weighing items.

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Metric System

A more modern, and widely-used system of weights and measures, characterized by easier calculation.

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Grain (gr)

A unit of weight commonly used in both apothecaries and avoirdupois, despite a different numeric value in the overall system, e.g. a grain is the same in the two systems, yet the conversion varies throughout the system for pounds etcetera.

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1 ounce (oz) in avoirdupois

Equivalent to 437.5 grains (gr)

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1 pound (lb) in avoirdupois

Equivalent to 16 ounces (oz) or 7000 grains (gr)

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Conversion between Apothecaries and Avoirdupois systems

The grain (gr) is the same in both systems, but other units with the same name differ in their equivalencies.

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Relationship Between Avoirdupois and Apothecaries Weight Systems

While both systems use the same base unit, grain (gr), the different denominations (e.g. ounces, drams and so on) are not equivalent between the two systems.

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Calculating 200ml Chloral Hydrate

To prepare 200ml chloral hydrate mixture, use a dosage factor derived from master formula. Multiply each ingredient's amount in the master formula by the dosage factor (200ml / 10ml=20).

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Dosage Factor (DF)

A ratio used to scale up or down a master formula to produce a different amount of medicine.

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Calculating ointment (30g)

To create 30g of ointment, calculate each ingredient's amount in the master formula based on a dosage factor derived from (30g / 1000g = 0.03).

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Ointment Master Formula

A set of ingredient amounts used to create a specific type of ointment, enabling scaling to create different quantities.

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Calculating 25g Paste

To create 25g of medical paste, determine the amount of each ingredient in the master formula (master formula is a starting point) using a dosage factor derived from (25g / 100g = 1/4).

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Paste Master Formula

A set of ingredient amounts used to create a specific type of paste, enabling scaling to create different amounts.

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Tolu Formula

Calculating the amount of Tolu required, given a multiple of its amount in the master formula.

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Master Formula

A foundational recipe containing ingredient proportions for creating a medicinal product.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course Code: PT203
  • Course Title: Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms I
  • Academic Year: Second Level/Third Semester
  • Program Title: Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm D-Clinical Pharmacy)
  • Teaching Hours/Week/Semester: 4 hours
  • Lectures: 2 hours/week (2 credit hours)
  • Practical: 2 hours/week (1 credit hour)
  • Total Credit Hours: 3 hours

Course Aims

  • Upon course completion, students will be able to utilize information on weights, measures, and pharmaceutical calculations for compounding, dispensing, and utilizing medications.
  • Students will be able to employ good laboratory practices in compounding liquid dosage forms.
  • Students will be able to respond to various prescription orders.
  • Students will be able to outline manufacturing aspects of liquid dosage forms (solutions, suspensions, emulsions, colloids, and extracts), including packaging, storage, and stability, with emphasis on fundamental pharmaceutical technology.
  • Students will understand incompatibilities during dispensing processes.
  • Students will be proficient in collaborative therapeutic decision-making.
  • Students will continuously improve their professional skills and demonstrate performance appraisal and self-assessment capabilities.

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

  • Domain 1: Fundamental Knowledge

    • Discuss the principles of pharmaceutical dosage forms
    • Utilize proper pharmaceutical and medical terms, abbreviations, and symbols in pharmacy practice.
    • Consolidate pharmaceutical information from fundamental sciences to allow proper handling, identification, extraction, design, preparation, analysis, and quality assurance of natural and synthetic pharmaceuticals.
    • Utilize basic sciences in decision-making and problem-solving.

  • Domain 2: Professional and Ethical Practice

    • Standardize pharmaceutical materials, formulate, and manufacture pharmaceutical products.
    • Apply standard pharmaceutical laboratory procedures using different instruments and analytical techniques for various pharmaceutical products.
    • Identify and overcome physical, chemical, and therapeutic incompatibilities occurring during drug manufacture and dispensing.
    • Formulate new, safe, and effective drug delivery systems relying on pharmacokinetics, biopharmaceutics, bioinformatics, pharmacogenomics, and biostatistical analysis.
    • Handle and dispose of biological and synthetic/natural pharmaceutical materials effectively and safely with respect to laws and legislations.

  • Domain 4: Personal Practice

    • Exercise leadership, time management, critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork skills.
    • Develop competence in creativity and entrepreneurial skills.
    • Implement strategies based on gathered information to improve critical thinking, problem-solving, decision-making abilities, and conflict resolution to improve collaborative work.

Introduction

  • Pharmaceutics encompasses dispensing and pharmaceutical technology.
  • Dispensing involves supplying medication according to a prescription, clarifying prescriber wishes, preparing, and labeling the medicine, and compounding and utilizing relevant information.
  • Pharmaceutical technology emphasizes the technology for formulating and preparing dosage forms.
  • Dosage forms deliver drugs to the site of action within the body and can be classified by preparation route or nature.

Routes of Administration

  • Oral Route:

    • Drug administration through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
    • Most common route.
    • Suitable for most drugs, except those rapidly inactivated in the GIT.
    • Drugs can be degraded by stomach pH or digestive enzymes.
    • Can be unsuitable in case of vomiting or unconsciousness.
    • Absorption is slow and can be incomplete
    • Problems occur from the "first-pass effect."

  • Buccal and Sublingual Route:

    • Administration in the buccal cavity or under the tongue.
    • Avoids some oral route problems.
    • Rapid drug absorption due to rich blood capillaries.

  • Rectal Route:

    • Drug insertion in the rectum.
    • Absorption mainly into systemic circulation.
    • Suitable for drugs causing GI irritation or for comatosed patients or in case of vomiting.

  • Transdermal Route:

    • Drug absorption through the skin.
    • Useful for drugs with short half-lives.

  • Parenteral Route:

    • Drug administration by injection.
    • Intravenous (IV): Delivers drugs directly into circulation.
    • Injection volume varies.
    • Subcutaneous (SC) and intramuscular (IM) injections involve slower absorption.
    • Other routes include intra-articular, intraocular, intracardiac, and intracisternal.

  • Inhalational Route:

    • Drug administration via the respiratory system.
    • High blood flow and large alveolar surface area allow rapid absorption of drugs.
    • Suitable for anaesthetic gases, volatile liquids, and aerosolized drugs.
    • Nasal route is a potential systemic administration route.

  • Those Intended for Local Effect:

    • Oral route: Drugs are not absorbed, acting locally on the GIT. Examples include adsorbents, antimicrobials, and antacids.
    • Topical route: Drugs are applied to the epithelium, effecting localized action at the application site. Examples include application to skin, cornea, nasal, rectal, vaginal, and urethral mucosa.

Pharmaceutical Calculations

  • Calculations use master formulas (MF) to determine dispensing factors (DF) needed for required amounts.
  • DF = (amount required) / (total amount in MF)
  • Weight and measure systems (Imperial/Apothecaries, Metric/Apothecaries, Avoirdupois) and conversions between them are crucial. Grains frequently are the intermediary unit.
  • Important examples include calculating quantities of ingredients for specific dosage forms from master formulas.

Weights and Measures

  • (Metric system, including units of length, volume, and weight. Conversions between metric and other systems are crucial)
  • (Apothecaries systems conversions, and relationships between units in these systems)

Additional Information (Examples)

  • Various examples of calculations are illustrated, including conversions between units and calculations for specific solutions, mixtures, and ointments.

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Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms I Course Outline PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on weights, measures, and pharmaceutical calculations related to compounding and dispensing medications. This quiz will also cover laboratory practices and the manufacturing aspects of liquid dosage forms. Prepare yourself for various prescription orders and delve into fundamental pharmaceutical technology.

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