Pharmaceutical Care: Poisoning Treatment Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is strongly recommended when there is doubt about the risk or management of poisoning treatment?

  • Consulting the UK National Poisons Information Service (correct)
  • Keeping detailed notes without consulting any service
  • Storing specialist antidotes in emergency departments
  • Admitting patients immediately

    • For which patients is hospital admission generally advised in cases of poisoning?

  • Patients with features of poisoning, including those who have taken delayed-action poisons like aspirin (correct)
  • Patients who have taken household cleaning products
  • Patients who self-treat at home
  • Patients who have taken immediate-action poisons

    • Where can routine information about diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients exposed to chemicals be obtained?

  • Community health centers
  • Local pharmacies
  • TOXBASE, the primary clinical toxicology database of the National Poisons Information Service (correct)
  • Specialist clinics

    • According to NHS England, what is the recommendation for storing specialist antidotes in emergency departments?

    <p>Keep them separate and clearly identified to prevent unintended administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information can be obtained from TOXBASE or the National Poisons Information Service regarding poisoning treatment?

    <p>Routine diagnosis and treatment information for chemical exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to clearly identify specialist antidotes in emergency or out-of-hours medicine cupboards?

    <p>To prevent unintended administration and ensure quick access during emergencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for severe salicylate poisoning when the plasma-salicylate concentration exceeds 700 mg/litre?

    <p>Haemodialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with alcohol intoxication?

    <p>Bradypnoea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of activated charcoal in poisoning cases?

    <p>Preventing absorption of toxic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of opioid poisoning?

    <p>Pinpoint pupils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is contra-indicated for corrosive substances or petroleum distillates in poisoning cases?

    <p>Gastric lavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is recommended for patients with hypothermia following poisoning?

    <p>Immediate hospitalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measure can open the airway without trauma in unconscious patients?

    <p>Chin lift or jaw thrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be given within 1 hour of ingesting more than 125 mg/kg of aspirin for salicylate poisoning?

    <p>Activated charcoal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of oxygen in poisoning cases?

    <p>A substitute for adequate ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of severe poisoning with central nervous system depressants?

    <p>Respiratory acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the authorized dose regimen for acetylcysteine in paracetamol overdose?

    <p>Three consecutive intravenous infusions over 21 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential side effect is associated with acetylcysteine administration?

    <p>Hypertension and hyperhidrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum recommended dose of Methylthioninium chloride for children aged 3 months to 17 years?

    <p>7 mg/kg per course</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is specifically warned against by the manufacturer of Methylthioninium chloride for infants?

    <p>Hyperbilirubinemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with both acetylcysteine and Methylthioninium chloride?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended course of action regarding breastfeeding after Methylthioninium chloride administration?

    <p>Avoid breastfeeding for up to 6 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contra-indication for administering digoxin rapidly?

    <p>Palpitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should protamine sulfate be administered for neutralizing heparin?

    <p>Rate not exceeding 5 mg/minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT listed in the text as a sign of acetylcysteine overdosage?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended starting dose of acetylcysteine for children up to 20 kg?

    <p>150 mg/kg over 1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When managing opioid overdose, which age group receives a low-dose regimen of naloxone?

    <p>Children 12-17 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of digoxin toxicity according to the text?

    <p>Chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition does NOT result in a contra-indication for rapid administration of drugs according to the text?

    <p>'The young'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of naloxone hydrochloride in the context provided?

    <p>'Management of opioid overdose'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when determining the dose of protamine sulfate according to the text?

    <p>'Long half-life of low molecular weight heparins'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma-paracetamol concentration level indicates the need for acetylcysteine treatment?

    <p>Above the treatment line on the graph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time frame for patients to present after ingesting paracetamol to avoid waiting for plasma-paracetamol concentration measurement?

    <p>4-8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom commonly experienced during delirium in patients with antidepressant poisoning?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can be used to treat convulsions in patients with antipsychotic poisoning?

    <p>Lorazepam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be given within 1 hour of an overdose to reduce drug absorption?

    <p>Activated charcoal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true regarding second-generation antipsychotic drugs?

    <p>Can cause ECG abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients at risk of liver damage from paracetamol overdose, what ALT level indicates the need for acetylcysteine treatment?

    <p>&gt;1.3 x upper limit of normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for recommending gastric decontamination within 1 hour of paracetamol ingestion?

    <p>To decrease drug absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient presents within 1 hour of ingesting over 150 mg/kg of paracetamol?

    <p>Start acetylcysteine treatment immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does therapeutic excess refer to in the context of paracetamol ingestion?

    <p>Ingestion exceeding the licensed dose without intent to harm oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for cyanide poisoning patients with severe symptoms if dicobalt edetate is unavailable?

    <p>Sodium nitrite followed by sodium thiosulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antidote is preferred for severe poisoning but should not be used as a precautionary measure due to its toxic nature and potential fatality if not present?

    <p>Dicobalt edetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is suitable for smoke inhalation victims with significant cyanide poisoning?

    <p>Hydroxocobalamin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning?

    <p>Succimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used as an adjunct to atropine for treating poisoning by organophosphorus insecticide or nerve agent?

    <p>Pralidoxime chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended immediate treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning?

    <p>Moving to fresh air and administering high-flow oxygen through a tight-fitting mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in anaesthesia and clinical procedures?

    <p>Flumazenil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum dose of activated charcoal recommended for children aged 1 month to 11 years?

    <p>50 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done in case of CS spray poisoning?

    <p>Washing exposed skin and contact lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is not associated with iron salts poisoning in childhood?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for severe theophylline poisoning?

    <p>Diazepam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cardiac effect is specifically mentioned as a symptom of cocaine poisoning?

    <p>Arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance can cause wakefulness, paranoia, hallucinations, and hyperthermia?

    <p>Ecstasy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what poisoning case is intravenous desferrioxamine mesilate given without waiting for serum-iron measurement?

    <p>Iron salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common early clinical features of severe lithium poisoning?

    <p>Muscle twitching and tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is not typically associated with beta-blockers poisoning?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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