Pharmaceutical Care: Poisoning Treatment Overview

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What is strongly recommended when there is doubt about the risk or management of poisoning treatment?

Consulting the UK National Poisons Information Service (correct)

Keeping detailed notes without consulting any service

Storing specialist antidotes in emergency departments

Admitting patients immediately

For which patients is hospital admission generally advised in cases of poisoning?

Patients with features of poisoning, including those who have taken delayed-action poisons like aspirin (correct)

Patients who have taken household cleaning products

Patients who self-treat at home

Patients who have taken immediate-action poisons

Where can routine information about diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients exposed to chemicals be obtained?

Community health centers

Local pharmacies

TOXBASE, the primary clinical toxicology database of the National Poisons Information Service (correct)

Specialist clinics

According to NHS England, what is the recommendation for storing specialist antidotes in emergency departments?

Keep them separate and clearly identified to prevent unintended administration Signup and view all the answers

What type of information can be obtained from TOXBASE or the National Poisons Information Service regarding poisoning treatment?

Routine diagnosis and treatment information for chemical exposure Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to clearly identify specialist antidotes in emergency or out-of-hours medicine cupboards?

To prevent unintended administration and ensure quick access during emergencies Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for severe salicylate poisoning when the plasma-salicylate concentration exceeds 700 mg/litre?

Haemodialysis Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with alcohol intoxication?

Bradypnoea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of activated charcoal in poisoning cases?

Preventing absorption of toxic substances Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of opioid poisoning?

Pinpoint pupils Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is contra-indicated for corrosive substances or petroleum distillates in poisoning cases?

Gastric lavage Signup and view all the answers

Which action is recommended for patients with hypothermia following poisoning?

Immediate hospitalization Signup and view all the answers

What measure can open the airway without trauma in unconscious patients?

Chin lift or jaw thrust Signup and view all the answers

What can be given within 1 hour of ingesting more than 125 mg/kg of aspirin for salicylate poisoning?

Activated charcoal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of oxygen in poisoning cases?

A substitute for adequate ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of severe poisoning with central nervous system depressants?

Respiratory acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the authorized dose regimen for acetylcysteine in paracetamol overdose?

Three consecutive intravenous infusions over 21 hours Signup and view all the answers

What potential side effect is associated with acetylcysteine administration?

Hypertension and hyperhidrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended dose of Methylthioninium chloride for children aged 3 months to 17 years?

7 mg/kg per course Signup and view all the answers

What side effect is specifically warned against by the manufacturer of Methylthioninium chloride for infants?

Hyperbilirubinemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with both acetylcysteine and Methylthioninium chloride?

Anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended course of action regarding breastfeeding after Methylthioninium chloride administration?

Avoid breastfeeding for up to 6 days Signup and view all the answers

What is a contra-indication for administering digoxin rapidly?

Palpitations Signup and view all the answers

How should protamine sulfate be administered for neutralizing heparin?

Rate not exceeding 5 mg/minute Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT listed in the text as a sign of acetylcysteine overdosage?

Hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended starting dose of acetylcysteine for children up to 20 kg?

150 mg/kg over 1 hour Signup and view all the answers

When managing opioid overdose, which age group receives a low-dose regimen of naloxone?

Children 12-17 years Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of digoxin toxicity according to the text?

Chest pain Signup and view all the answers

Which condition does NOT result in a contra-indication for rapid administration of drugs according to the text?

'The young' Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of naloxone hydrochloride in the context provided?

'Management of opioid overdose' Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when determining the dose of protamine sulfate according to the text?

'Long half-life of low molecular weight heparins' Signup and view all the answers

Which plasma-paracetamol concentration level indicates the need for acetylcysteine treatment?

Above the treatment line on the graph Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time frame for patients to present after ingesting paracetamol to avoid waiting for plasma-paracetamol concentration measurement?

4-8 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom commonly experienced during delirium in patients with antidepressant poisoning?

Dry mouth Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can be used to treat convulsions in patients with antipsychotic poisoning?

Lorazepam Signup and view all the answers

What can be given within 1 hour of an overdose to reduce drug absorption?

Activated charcoal Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true regarding second-generation antipsychotic drugs?

Can cause ECG abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

In patients at risk of liver damage from paracetamol overdose, what ALT level indicates the need for acetylcysteine treatment?

>1.3 x upper limit of normal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for recommending gastric decontamination within 1 hour of paracetamol ingestion?

To decrease drug absorption Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a patient presents within 1 hour of ingesting over 150 mg/kg of paracetamol?

Start acetylcysteine treatment immediately Signup and view all the answers

What does therapeutic excess refer to in the context of paracetamol ingestion?

Ingestion exceeding the licensed dose without intent to harm oneself Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for cyanide poisoning patients with severe symptoms if dicobalt edetate is unavailable?

Sodium nitrite followed by sodium thiosulfate Signup and view all the answers

Which antidote is preferred for severe poisoning but should not be used as a precautionary measure due to its toxic nature and potential fatality if not present?

Dicobalt edetate Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is suitable for smoke inhalation victims with significant cyanide poisoning?

Hydroxocobalamin Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning?

Succimer Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used as an adjunct to atropine for treating poisoning by organophosphorus insecticide or nerve agent?

Pralidoxime chloride Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended immediate treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning?

Moving to fresh air and administering high-flow oxygen through a tight-fitting mask Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in anaesthesia and clinical procedures?

Flumazenil Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum dose of activated charcoal recommended for children aged 1 month to 11 years?

50 g Signup and view all the answers

What should be done in case of CS spray poisoning?

Washing exposed skin and contact lenses Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is not associated with iron salts poisoning in childhood?