Pharmaceutical Capsules History and Advantages
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Questions and Answers

Who invented the soft gelatin capsule?

  • Mothes (correct)
  • Stearate
  • Murdock
  • Lauryl
  • What is the advantage of filling capsules with liquids rather than powders?

  • Improved bioavailability (correct)
  • Reduced cost
  • Easier administration
  • Increased mechanical strength
  • How is the size of the capsule required for the formulation determined?

  • By the weight of the API
  • By the volume of the capsule
  • By the moisture content of the granules
  • By the tapped bulk density and capsule volume (correct)
  • What is the purpose of a glidant in a capsule formulation?

    <p>To improve the flow of the powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of producing pellets?

    <p>Extrusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sodium lauryl sulfate in a capsule formulation?

    <p>Wetting agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a spheroniser in pharmaceutical manufacturing?

    <p>To round particles into spheroids of uniform size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a capsule-filled pellet formulation?

    <p>Morphine Sulfate (Avinza)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a capsule filling equipment?

    <p>To position the capsules the correct way up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between SGCs and HGCs in terms of gelatine formation?

    <p>Much of the gelatine is replaced by water initially in SGCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most widely used method of sealing capsules?

    <p>Locking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of SGCs over HGCs and tablets in terms of patient compliance?

    <p>SGCs are easier to swallow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Invention and History

    • The soft gelatin capsule was invented by Mothes, a French pharmacist, in 1833.
    • Murdock patented the two-piece hard gelatin capsule in 1848.

    Capsule Characteristics

    • Capsules are solid dosage forms that contain a drug substance enclosed in a hard or soft, soluble container or shell of gelatin or other suitable material.
    • Gelatin capsules are available as hard (HGC) and soft (SGC) capsules.

    Advantages of HGC and SGC

    • Improve patient compliance
    • Enhance attractiveness (psychological advantages)
    • Easy to administer, as the capsules become slippery when moist
    • Mechanically strong but flexible
    • Bioavailability may be further increased by filling capsules with liquids rather than powders

    Hard Gelatin Capsules (HGC)

    • Available in 8 sizes, ranging from 5 to 000, with larger ones available for veterinary products
    • Capsule size required for formulation is determined by Caps Fill Wt = tapped bulk density X caps vol

    Filling Materials

    • Typical formulation consists of:
      • API
      • Diluent (Maize starch and lactose)
      • Wetting agent (sodium lauryl sulfate)
      • Glidant (talc or fumed silicon dioxide)
      • Lubricant (magnesium stearate)

    Pellet Production Process

    • Extrusion: wet mass through a metal screen to produce rod-shaped particles of uniform diameter
    • Spheronization: to form extrudate into spheroids of uniform size
    • Spheroniser: a bowl with fixed sides and a rotating bottom plate (or disc) to round particles

    Examples of Capsule Formulations

    • Capsules filled with coated granules: Venlafaxine HCL (Extended Release)
    • Capsules filled with pellets: Morphine Sulfate (Extended-release product)
    • Capsules filled with powders: Celecoxib (Celebrex) NSAID

    Capsule Filling Equipment

    • 4 types of equipment with different principles, all allowing:
      • Positioning of capsules
      • Separation of 2 halves
      • Filling with formulation
      • Refitting and locking of 2 halves

    Sealing Methods

    • Spot Welding: hot probe used to weld 2 halves of capsule shell together
    • Banding: a band of molten gelatin forms round the joint between the 2 halves
    • Locking: most widely used method

    Soft Gelatin Capsules (SGC)

    • More appealing dosage form than HGCs or tablets, with greater bioavailability
    • May reduce dose required and size of capsule required, increasing patient compliance
    • Produced using special types of encapsulation machines for lipophilic liquids, such as:
      • Globlex method
      • Rotary die method

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    Description

    Learn about the invention and evolution of capsules, including their advantages and types. Discover the history of hard and soft gelatin capsules and their benefits in pharmaceuticals.

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