Pharm D Program (2023/2024) Lecture on Bacterial Cell Wall & Structures

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What is the main aim of the lecture on Bacterial Cell Wall & Structures internal to the cell wall?

To discuss the human immune response to bacterial cell walls
To explore the effects of antibiotics on the bacterial cell wall
To introduce students to the concept of bacterial cell division
To provide knowledge about the functions and chemical composition of the cell wall and internal structures in bacterial cells (correct)

Which of the following is NOT listed as a structure internal to the bacterial cell wall?

Nuclear area (Nucleoid)
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria (correct)

What is the function of the bacterial cell wall?

To act as a semi-rigid structure responsible for cell shape (correct)
To regulate cellular respiration
To synthesize proteins
To store genetic material

Why is the bacterial cell wall considered essential for viability?

To protect the fragile plasma membrane and interior of the cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key roles of the cytoplasmic membrane in bacterial cells?

Maintaining cell shape and structure (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a structure internal to the bacterial cell wall as mentioned in the lecture?

Endoplasmic reticulum (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial component is responsible for the endotoxic (pyrogenic) effects causing fever and shock?

Phospholipid called lipid A (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the strong negative charge of the outer membrane?

Evading phagocytosis and the action of the complement system (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the porins in the outer membrane?

Both b and c (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the periplasmic space?

Containing a single peptidoglycan layer and degradative enzymes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules can pass through the porins in the outer membrane?

Nucleotides, disaccharides, peptides, amino acids, vitamins and iron (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the outer membrane?

Sustaining the metabolism of the cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of bacterial endospores?

To protect the bacterial cell against unfavorable conditions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of endospore formation within a vegetative (parent) cell called?

Sporulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the endospore core?

Contains a large amount of calcium and dipicolinic acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

How long can bacterial spores resist boiling, compared to vegetative cells?

Spores can resist boiling for 2 hours, while vegetative cells die at 80°C (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the germination of bacterial spores?

The spore wall breaks down, and the spore core rehydrates and resumes metabolic activity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about bacterial endospores is NOT correct?

Endospores are a reproductive process, as one spore gives rise to one bacterium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls?

Presence of an outer membrane (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell wall has a higher percentage of peptidoglycan content?

Gram-positive (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of teichoic acids in the cell wall?

Assist in cross-linking peptidoglycan chains (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which component is more abundant in the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes?

Phospholipids (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an outer membrane in Gram-negative cell walls?

Provide protection against certain antibiotics (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell wall has a higher degree of cross-linking in its peptidoglycan?

Gram-positive (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the importance of the bacterial cell wall?

It contains unique components found in other organisms. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structure of the bacterial cell wall?

A macromolecular network of peptidoglycan or murein (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about peptidoglycan is incorrect?

The vertical layers are cross-linked by peptide bonds between identical amino acids. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is correct?

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer than Gram-negative bacteria. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tetrapeptide attached to N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM) in the peptidoglycan layer?

It cross-links the vertical layers of peptidoglycan. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the unique amino acids diaminopimelic acid and D-alanine in the peptidoglycan layer?

They are found exclusively in bacterial cell walls. (B) Signup and view all the answers