Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt Quiz

List of Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt

• The title "Pharaoh" was used for rulers of Ancient Egypt after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Narmer in approximately 3100 BC.

• The specific title "Pharaoh" was not used by contemporaries until the New Kingdom's 18th Dynasty, around 1400 BC.

• Along with the title "Pharaoh," Ancient Egyptian rulers had a royal titulary featuring names such as Horus, Sedge and Bee, Two Ladies, Golden Horus, nomen, and prenomen.

• Native pharaohs ruled Egypt for approximately 2500 years until it was conquered by the Kingdom of Kush in the late 8th century BC, who adopted pharaonic titulature for themselves.

• Following the Kushite conquest, Egypt experienced another period of native rule before being conquered by the Achaemenid Empire, whose rulers also adopted the title of "Pharaoh."

• The last native pharaoh of Egypt was Nectanebo II, before the Achaemenids conquered Egypt for a second time.

• Egypt was ruled by Hellenic Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic Dynasty until it became a province of Rome in 30 BC.

• The dates of pharaohs are approximate and based on historical records and archaeological evidence, but caution is needed due to damaged and inconsistent ancient king lists.

• The Predynastic Period ended around 3100 BC, and Lower Egypt geographically consists of the northern Nile and the Nile delta.

• Upper Egypt refers to the region up-river to the south of Lower Egypt, and Dynasty 0 consists of predynastic rulers.

• The Old Kingdom of Egypt spanned from 2686 to 2181 BC, and the First Intermediate Period followed with a period of disarray and chaos.

• The New Kingdom of Egypt (1550-1077 BC) saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent and included pharaohs such as Akhenaten, Tutankhamun, and Ramesses II.A Brief History of Ancient Egypt: Dynasties, Rebellions, and Conquests

• Achaemenid Persians ruled Egypt from 525 BC to 404 BC, forming the 27th dynasty and acknowledging themselves as Pharaohs.

• The 27th dynasty saw several native rebellions taking place in Egypt.

• The 28th dynasty lasted only for six years, from 404 BC to 398 BC, with only one pharaoh.

• The 29th dynasty ruled Egypt from 398 BC to 380 BC.

• The 30th dynasty lasted from 379/8 BC until Egypt came under Persian rule again in c.340 BC.

• Egypt once more came under the control of Achaemenid Persians and the Persian rulers from 340 BC to 332 BC are occasionally designated as the 31st dynasty.

• The 31st dynasty also saw native rebellions taking place in Egypt.

• The Argead dynasty, led by Alexander the Great, ushered in the Hellenistic period in Egypt and ruled from 332 BC to 309 BC.

• The Ptolemaic dynasty, the second Hellenistic dynasty, ruled Egypt from 305 BC until it became a province of Rome in 30 BC.

• The most famous member of the Ptolemaic dynasty was Cleopatra VII, who strove to create a dynastic and political union between Egypt and Rome.

• Caesarion was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, who reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt from 47 BC until his alleged death in 30 BC.

• Egypt became a province of the Roman Republic in 30 BC, and subsequent Roman emperors were accorded the title of pharaoh while in Egypt. The last Roman emperor to be conferred the title of pharaoh was Maximinus Daza in 311-313 AD.