Phak Chapter 8 Quiz & Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is static pressure?

Pressure measured at sea level

Pressure due to motion

Ambient pressure always present whether aircraft is moving or not (correct)

Pressure present only when aircraft is moving

What is dynamic pressure?

Pressure present only when aircraft is moving (correct)

Pressure present only when aircraft is stationary

Pressure due to atmospheric conditions

Ambient pressure in the local area

What instrument measures the height of an aircraft above a given pressure level?

Altimeter

What is a Kohl's window?

Barometric pressure window of the altimeter Signup and view all the answers

What happens when flying from high to low pressure without changing altitude?

The indicated altitude will be lower than the actual Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated altitude?

Read directly from the altimeter when set to current alt setting Signup and view all the answers

What is true altitude?

Vertical distance of aircraft above sea level Signup and view all the answers

What does absolute altitude measure?

Vertical distance of aircraft above the terrain or above ground level (AGL) Signup and view all the answers

What is pressure altitude?

Altitude when alt setting window is adjusted to 29.92 'Hg Signup and view all the answers

What is density altitude?

Pressure altitude corrected for variations from standard temperature Signup and view all the answers

What does VSI stand for?

Vertical Speed Indicator Signup and view all the answers

What does ASI measure?

Differential pressure gauge that indicates difference between pitot and static pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated airspeed?

Speed shown on the aircraft airspeed indicator Signup and view all the answers

What is calibrated airspeed?

Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument error Signup and view all the answers

What is true airspeed?

Airspeed accounted for temperature and atmospheric pressure changes Signup and view all the answers

What is groundspeed?

Speed over ground Signup and view all the answers

What does the white arc indicate?

Flap operating range Signup and view all the answers

What is the lower limit of the white arc (Vso)?

The stall speed in landing configuration Signup and view all the answers

What is the upper limit of the white arc (Vfe)?

Maximum speed with flaps extended Signup and view all the answers

What does the green arc represent?

Normal operating range Signup and view all the answers

What is the lower limit of the green arc (Vs1)?

The stall speed in a specified configuration Signup and view all the answers

What does the upper limit of the green arc (Vn0) indicate?

Maximum structural cruising speed Signup and view all the answers

What does the yellow arc signify?

Caution range Signup and view all the answers

What is the red line (Vne)?

Never-exceed speed Signup and view all the answers

What is design maneuvering speed (Va)?

Maximum speed for full abrupt control movement without overstressing the airframe Signup and view all the answers

What is landing gear operating speed (Vlo)?

Maximum speed for extending or retracting the landing gear Signup and view all the answers

What is landing gear extended speed (Vle)?

Maximum speed at which aircraft can safely fly with landing gear extended Signup and view all the answers

What is best angle of climb speed (Vx)?

Airspeed at which aircraft gains greatest altitude in a given distance Signup and view all the answers

What is best rate of climb speed (Vy)?

Airspeed that provides the most altitude gain in a given period of time Signup and view all the answers

What is single engine best rate of climb (Vyse)?

Best rate of climb or minimum rate of sink in a light twin engine aircraft Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Static and Dynamic Pressure

Static Pressure: Ambient pressure present irrespective of the aircraft's movement; represents local barometric pressure.
Dynamic Pressure: Exists only when the aircraft is in motion; associated with the aircraft's speed.

Altimeter: Measures the height of the aircraft above a specified pressure level.
Kohl's Window: Refers to the barometric pressure window setting of the altimeter.

Altitude Changes

Transitioning from high to low pressure while maintaining altitude indicates the actual altitude is lower than displayed; warn: "Going from a high to a low, look out below."
Transitioning from warm to cold air without changing altitude also requires caution; caution: "From hot to cold, look out below."

Types of Altitude

Indicated Altitude: Directly read from the altimeter when set correctly.
True Altitude: Actual vertical distance above sea level.
Absolute Altitude: Vertical distance above terrain (AGL).
Pressure Altitude: Altitude when altimeter is adjusted to 29.92 inHg.
Density Altitude: Pressure altitude adjusted for temperature variations; higher temperatures lead to a higher density altitude.

Indicators and Instrumentation

VSI (Vertical Speed Indicator): Shows whether the aircraft is climbing, descending, or in level flight; measured in feet per minute (fpm).
ASI (Airspeed Indicator): Measures and displays the difference between pitot and static pressures; uses both systems for accurate readings.

Airspeed Definitions

Indicated Airspeed: Speed as displayed on the ASI.
Calibrated Airspeed: Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument errors, prominent at lower speeds.
True Airspeed: Calculated airspeed corrected for temperature and pressure variations.
Groundspeed: Speed over the ground, calculated as true airspeed adjusted for wind.

Flap Operating and Speed Ranges

White Arc: Indicates the flap operating range.
Lower Limit of White Arc (Vso): Stall speed in the landing configuration; power-off stall at maximum landing weight.
Upper Limit of White Arc (Vfe): Maximum speed with flaps extended.
Green Arc: Represents normal operating range.
Lower Limit of Green Arc (Vs1): Stall speed at maximum takeoff weight in a clean configuration.
Upper Limit of Green Arc (Vn0): Maximum structural cruising speed; do not exceed in turbulent air.
Yellow Arc: Caution range; recommended only in smooth air.
Red Line (Vne): Never-exceed speed; flights above this risk structural failure.

Control and Landing Speed

Design Maneuvering Speed (Va): Max speed allowing full control movement without stressing the airframe.
Landing Gear Operating Speed (Vlo): Maximum speed for safe gear extension/retraction on retractable gear aircraft.
Landing Gear Extended Speed (Vle): Max speed for flying safely with the landing gear extended.

Climb Speeds

Best Angle of Climb Speed (Vx): Speed for achieving maximum altitude over a given distance.
Best Rate of Climb Speed (Vy): Speed for maximum altitude gain over a specified time.
Single Engine Best Rate of Climb (Vyse): Optimized rate of climb or minimal sink rate for light twin-engine aircraft.

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Test your knowledge of Chapter 8 from the Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (PHAK) with these flashcards. Each card covers key terms such as static pressure, dynamic pressure, and altimeters essential for understanding aviation concepts. Perfect for students and aviation enthusiasts alike!

PHAK Chapter 8 Flashcards