60 Questions
Which of the following statements about Peyer's Patches (PPs) is correct?
PPs contain germinal centers for B- and T-cells
Where is the largest amount of lymphoid tissue found in the gastrointestinal tract?
Terminal ileum
What is the function of M-cells in Peyer's Patches?
Transport antigens from the gut lumen to PPs
What types of cells are found in the interfollicular areas of Peyer's Patches?
Macrophages and dendritic cells
How do B-cells enter Peyer's Patches?
Via high endothelial venules (HEVs)
How do naïve T-cells enter Peyer's Patches?
Via high endothelial venules (HEVs)
What is the consequence of a lack of CD40L on T-cells?
Hyper IgM-Syndrome
Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in Mucosal Immunology Part I?
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
What is the estimated surface area of the mucosal immune system?
400 m2
What percentage of all effector cells does the mucosal immune system harbor?
60%
Which of the following is NOT a reason why the mucosal immune system is important?
It is the main site of entry for infectious pathogens
Which mucosal surfaces are the main transmission routes for HIV infection?
Genitourinary, rectal, and oral mucosa
Which of the following is NOT part of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)?
SALT
Which module covers the topics of Lamina propria & intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment and Mucosal B cells & IgA?
Module 204
Which of the following is NOT a main defense strategy of the intestinal mucosa and oropharynx?
Microorganisms
What is the function of goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium?
Produce mucus as a physicochemical barrier
Which of the following is true about the gut microbiota and microbiome?
Microbiota refers to the actual microorganisms, while microbiome refers to the totality of their genes
What is the role of M cells in the intestinal epithelium?
Transport antigens from the gut lumen to subepithelial lymphoid structures
Which type of diet is associated with increased mucus production and antimicrobial peptide production in the gut?
Prudent diet rich in fiber
Why does ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the basolateral surface of gut epithelial cells not trigger inflammation?
TLR5 on basolateral surface tightens tight junctions upon contact with bacteria
What is the main function of Paneth cells in the intestinal epithelium?
Produce antimicrobial peptides
Which cells deliver gut antigens into the Peyer's patches?
Epithelial cells
What is the role of Peyer's patches in the immune response?
Inductive sites for B-cell proliferation
What determines the production of predominantly IgA by B-cells?
Presence of TGF-b
How do naïve B-cells recognize antigens?
In the presence of follicular dendritic cells
How do T-cells recognize antigens?
In the presence of dendritic cells
What increases the chances of B-cells and T-cells meeting?
Proliferation and increase in number
What gets the immune response going in B-cell/T-cell cooperation?
Proliferation and increase in number
How do T-cells and B-cells leave Peyer's patches?
Via afferent lymphatics
What is the term used to describe the cellular recirculation pattern of T-cells and B-cells?
Homing
Which of the following is a major function of the gut immune system?
Eliminating pathogens
What is the estimated number of bacteria in the gut?
More than human cells
Which of the following is a challenge in developing an HIV vaccine?
Lack of antibodies at mucosal surfaces
What is the primary site of entry for infectious pathogens?
Gut
Which two compartments are discussed in Part Two of the lecture?
Mesenteric lymph nodes and lamina propria
What are mucosal B cells primarily responsible for producing?
IgA
Which two mucosal surfaces are mentioned as the main transmission routes for HIV infection?
Intestinal and respiratory
What is the term used to describe the cellular recirculation pattern of T-cells and B-cells?
GALT
What is the function of TLR5 in the gut?
Tightening of junctions
What is the main function of Paneth cells in the intestinal epithelium?
Production of antimicrobial peptides
What is the role of M cells in the intestinal epithelium?
Transport of antigens
Which type of diet is associated with increased mucus production and antimicrobial peptide production in the gut?
Prudent diet rich in fiber
What is the main function of mucins in the gut?
To form a mechanical barrier against pathogens
Which cells are NOT found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)?
Panda cells
What is the main role of the mesenteric lymph nodes in the immune response?
To filter and trap antigens
How do immune cells know where to go in the body?
They are guided by chemotactic signals
What is the function of M cells in Peyer's patches?
To initiate immune responses by transporting antigens into the patches
What is the role of Peyer's patches in the immune response?
To initiate immune responses by sampling antigens from the gut
Why do M cells in Peyer's patches have large membranes and striations?
To help with antigen uptake
What is the consequence of a lack of CD40L on T-cells?
Decreased immune response in Peyer's patches
Which of the following is a potential consequence of consuming a diet high in pro-inflammatory foods?
Reduced antimicrobial peptide production in the gut
What is the main role of the mucus layer in the gut?
To prevent bacteria from invading the epithelium
What has recent research shown about the gut flora and cholesterol levels?
Gut flora plays a major role in regulating cholesterol levels
Why is diet considered an important factor in maintaining a healthy immune system?
Diet indirectly affects the immune system through the gut
Which process is the opposite of endocytosis and involves moving elements from inside the cell to the outside of the cell?
Exocytosis
What is the main function of dendritic cells?
Presenting antigens
What is the role of macrophages in the monocyte macrophage system?
Specializing in presenting antigens
Which cell type is represented by an 'm cell' in the process of taking up antigens?
Dendritic cell
What type of cell is responsible for processing and presenting antigens to T cells?
Dendritic cell
What is the function of T cells in the immune response?
Recognizing antigens
Test your knowledge on the distribution and immune cells associated with Peyer's Patches (PPs), the hot spots of lymphoid complexes along the gastrointestinal tract. Learn about the relative amount of lymphoid tissue in different regions and understand the distribution of PPs.
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