T1 L10: Mucosal Immunology 1 (FK)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about Peyer's Patches (PPs) is correct?

  • PPs are found in the proximal ileum
  • PPs contain germinal centers for B- and T-cells (correct)
  • PPs are primarily composed of macrophages
  • PPs are located in the oropharynx

    • Where is the largest amount of lymphoid tissue found in the gastrointestinal tract?

  • Terminal ileum (correct)
  • Distal ileum
  • Oropharynx
  • Proximal ileum

    • What is the function of M-cells in Peyer's Patches?

  • Transport antigens from the gut lumen to PPs (correct)
  • Secrete IgA antibodies
  • Act as antigen-presenting cells
  • Fix antigens on their surface

    • What types of cells are found in the interfollicular areas of Peyer's Patches?

    <p>Macrophages and dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do B-cells enter Peyer's Patches?

    <p>Via high endothelial venules (HEVs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do naïve T-cells enter Peyer's Patches?

    <p>Via high endothelial venules (HEVs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a lack of CD40L on T-cells?

    <p>Hyper IgM-Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in Mucosal Immunology Part I?

    <p>Mesenteric Lymph Nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated surface area of the mucosal immune system?

    <p>400 m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all effector cells does the mucosal immune system harbor?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why the mucosal immune system is important?

    <p>It is the main site of entry for infectious pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mucosal surfaces are the main transmission routes for HIV infection?

    <p>Genitourinary, rectal, and oral mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)?

    <p>SALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which module covers the topics of Lamina propria & intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment and Mucosal B cells & IgA?

    <p>Module 204</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a main defense strategy of the intestinal mucosa and oropharynx?

    <p>Microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium?

    <p>Produce mucus as a physicochemical barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the gut microbiota and microbiome?

    <p>Microbiota refers to the actual microorganisms, while microbiome refers to the totality of their genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of M cells in the intestinal epithelium?

    <p>Transport antigens from the gut lumen to subepithelial lymphoid structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diet is associated with increased mucus production and antimicrobial peptide production in the gut?

    <p>Prudent diet rich in fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the basolateral surface of gut epithelial cells not trigger inflammation?

    <p>TLR5 on basolateral surface tightens tight junctions upon contact with bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Paneth cells in the intestinal epithelium?

    <p>Produce antimicrobial peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells deliver gut antigens into the Peyer's patches?

    <p>Epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Peyer's patches in the immune response?

    <p>Inductive sites for B-cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the production of predominantly IgA by B-cells?

    <p>Presence of TGF-b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do naïve B-cells recognize antigens?

    <p>In the presence of follicular dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do T-cells recognize antigens?

    <p>In the presence of dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases the chances of B-cells and T-cells meeting?

    <p>Proliferation and increase in number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gets the immune response going in B-cell/T-cell cooperation?

    <p>Proliferation and increase in number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do T-cells and B-cells leave Peyer's patches?

    <p>Via afferent lymphatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the cellular recirculation pattern of T-cells and B-cells?

    <p>Homing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major function of the gut immune system?

    <p>Eliminating pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of bacteria in the gut?

    <p>More than human cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge in developing an HIV vaccine?

    <p>Lack of antibodies at mucosal surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of entry for infectious pathogens?

    <p>Gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two compartments are discussed in Part Two of the lecture?

    <p>Mesenteric lymph nodes and lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are mucosal B cells primarily responsible for producing?

    <p>IgA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two mucosal surfaces are mentioned as the main transmission routes for HIV infection?

    <p>Intestinal and respiratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the cellular recirculation pattern of T-cells and B-cells?

    <p>GALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of TLR5 in the gut?

    <p>Tightening of junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Paneth cells in the intestinal epithelium?

    <p>Production of antimicrobial peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of M cells in the intestinal epithelium?

    <p>Transport of antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diet is associated with increased mucus production and antimicrobial peptide production in the gut?

    <p>Prudent diet rich in fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of mucins in the gut?

    <p>To form a mechanical barrier against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are NOT found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)?

    <p>Panda cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the mesenteric lymph nodes in the immune response?

    <p>To filter and trap antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do immune cells know where to go in the body?

    <p>They are guided by chemotactic signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of M cells in Peyer's patches?

    <p>To initiate immune responses by transporting antigens into the patches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Peyer's patches in the immune response?

    <p>To initiate immune responses by sampling antigens from the gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do M cells in Peyer's patches have large membranes and striations?

    <p>To help with antigen uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a lack of CD40L on T-cells?

    <p>Decreased immune response in Peyer's patches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of consuming a diet high in pro-inflammatory foods?

    <p>Reduced antimicrobial peptide production in the gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the mucus layer in the gut?

    <p>To prevent bacteria from invading the epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has recent research shown about the gut flora and cholesterol levels?

    <p>Gut flora plays a major role in regulating cholesterol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is diet considered an important factor in maintaining a healthy immune system?

    <p>Diet indirectly affects the immune system through the gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is the opposite of endocytosis and involves moving elements from inside the cell to the outside of the cell?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of dendritic cells?

    <p>Presenting antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of macrophages in the monocyte macrophage system?

    <p>Specializing in presenting antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is represented by an 'm cell' in the process of taking up antigens?

    <p>Dendritic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell is responsible for processing and presenting antigens to T cells?

    <p>Dendritic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of T cells in the immune response?

    <p>Recognizing antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

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