Petroleum System Analysis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a trap in a petroleum system?

  • To identify porous zones
  • To accumulate oil and gas (correct)
  • To measure reservoir resistivities
  • To facilitate the migration of oil and gas

In a clastic reservoir, what is the primary reconnaissance measurement used to identify reservoirs?

  • Resistivity log (correct)
  • Gravity data
  • Porosity log
  • Seismic data

What is the primary purpose of a seal in a petroleum system?

  • To allow the migration of oil and gas
  • To measure reservoir resistivities
  • To identify porous zones
  • To trap hydrocarbons and stop their migration (correct)

What types of rocks can be efficient seals in a petroleum system?

<p>Anhydrite, salt, shale, and tight carbonate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reconnaissance measurement used to identify reservoirs in a carbonate system?

<p>Porosity log (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a seal in a petroleum system?

<p>To prevent the movement of oil and gas over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly derived from other logs or measured from cores in a petroleum system?

<p>Effective porosity and permeability logs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the avenue through which oil and gas move from the source into the reservoir rock to the trap?

<p>Migration route (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a reservoir rock?

<p>High porosity and high permeability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a rock that contains sufficient hydrocarbon-prone organic matter to generate oil and gas?

<p>Source rock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of how petroleum system elements and processes interact to create hydrocarbon-bearing provinces known as?

<p>Petroleum System Analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for economically viable concentrations of hydrocarbons?

<p>Oil and Gas Fields (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the dark color of source rocks?

<p>The presence of organic matter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the preservation of organic matter in source rocks?

<p>A subaqueous environment with stagnant sea-bed conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of oil and gas is formed by the thermal alteration of kerogen?

<p>80-90% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important factor in the generation of hydrocarbons from kerogen?

<p>Temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold temperature for the onset of kerogen maturity?

<p>75-80°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is generated first during the thermal alteration of kerogen?

<p>Heavy oil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons?

<p>The type of rock formation they are found in (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total volume of oil or gas present in a field before production?

<p>Hydrocarbons in place (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important category of reserves from an economic perspective?

<p>Proved reserves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two broad categories of reserve estimation methods?

<p>Volumetric and performance analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the performance analysis method of reserve estimation?

<p>Long-term production data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two techniques used in the volumetric method of reserve estimation?

<p>Deterministic and probabilistic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of repeated random selections of values and their probabilities in petroleum system analysis?

<p>To generate a large number of volumetric estimates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the distributions obtained from the repeated random selections get converted into?

<p>Probability distribution and cumulative probability curves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of risk assessment in petroleum system analysis?

<p>To distinguish between prospects based on risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of reserves values that can be estimated from the probability distribution and cumulative probability curves?

<p>Minimum, maximum, and most likely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of uncertainty in petroleum system analysis?

<p>Quantities derived during exploration stages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of evaluating multiple leads in petroleum system analysis?

<p>To compare the results from different iterations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Trap (petroleum system)

A geological structure that accumulates oil and gas.

Resistivity log (clastics)

A reconnaissance measurement used to find oil and gas reservoirs in clastic rocks.

Seal (petroleum system)

A rock layer that prevents oil and gas from migrating.

Seal rock types

Anhydrite, salt, shale, or tight carbonates can act as effective seals.

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Porosity log (carbonates)

A reconnaissance measurement to identify oil reservoirs in carbonate rocks.

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Reservoir rock characteristics

High porosity and high permeability are crucial for oil and gas accumulation.

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Source rock

Rocks containing organic matter that generate oil and gas.

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Petroleum System Analysis

Study of how elements and processes in a petroleum system interact to create hydrocarbon-bearing areas.

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Oil and Gas Fields

Economically viable accumulations of oil and gas.

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Source rock color

Dark color indicates the presence of organic matter.

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Organic matter preservation

Subaqueous, stagnant environments help preserve organic matter.

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Hydrocarbon formation %

80-90% of oil and gas results from thermal kerogen alteration.

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Kerogen maturity factor

Temperature is the most important factor in kerogen alteration.

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Kerogen maturity start temp

75-80°C is the threshold for kerogen maturity.

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First hydrocarbon product

Heavy oil is the first hydrocarbon generated during thermal kerogen alteration.

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Conventional vs. unconventional

Conventional hydrocarbons are found in specific formations, while unconventional are in different formations.

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Hydrocarbons in place

Total oil or gas before extraction.

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Proved reserves

Economically viable reserves confirmed by data.

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Reserve estimation methods

Volumetric and performance analysis.

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Performance analysis (reserves)

A method needing long-term production data.

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Volumetric method (reserves)

Deterministic and probabilistic techniques.

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Probability distribution creation

Repeated random selections are used for volumetric estimates.

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Risk assessment purpose

To compare prospects of various risks.

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Reserve values (prob. analysis)

Minimum, maximum, and most likely reserve estimates from curves.

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Uncertainty source

Exploration-stage quantities.

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Multiple leads analysis purpose

Compare results from different iterations.

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