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Questions and Answers
What is the primary raw material used to make petrol?
What is the primary raw material used to make petrol?
- Coal
- Natural Gas
- Crude Oil (correct)
- Biomass
Crude oil is made from inorganic materials.
Crude oil is made from inorganic materials.
False (B)
What are the two key properties of hydrocarbons that make them exciting to chemists?
What are the two key properties of hydrocarbons that make them exciting to chemists?
Hydrocarbons contain a lot of energy and can take on many different forms.
The percentage composition of carbon in crude oil is _____%.
The percentage composition of carbon in crude oil is _____%.
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Match the following components of crude oil with their percentage composition:
Match the following components of crude oil with their percentage composition:
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Study Notes
Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Industry
- Crude oil, also known as petroleum, is unprocessed fossil fuel derived from decaying organic material.
- Variability in crude oil color ranges from clear to tar-black; viscosity can vary from fluid to nearly solid.
- Crude oil is a vital raw material due to its hydrocarbon content, which is useful for producing various substances.
Hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons are molecules comprising hydrogen and carbon atoms.
- Key properties of hydrocarbons:
- High energy content.
- Versatility in structural forms, including straight chains, branches, and rings.
Composition of Crude Oil
- Average elemental composition:
- Carbon: 84%
- Hydrogen: 14%
- Sulfur: 1-3%
- Nitrogen: <1%
- Oxygen: <1%
- Trace metals (nickel, iron, vanadium, copper, arsenic): <1%
- Salts (sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride): <1%
Constituents of Petroleum
- Hydrocarbons in petroleum are categorized into:
- Aliphatic (Open chain):
- n-Paraffin (Alkanes) Series: CnH2n+2
- Iso-paraffin (Iso-alkane) Series: CnH2n+2
- Olefin (Alkene) Series: CnH2n
- Ring Compounds:
- Naphthene Series (Cycloalkanes): CnH2n
- Aromatic (Benzenoid) Series: CnH2n-6
- Aliphatic (Open chain):
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