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What is the projected annual CO2 capture and storage by 2050, according to the IEA net-zero scenario?
Where is the Sleipner CO2 Storage Project sequestering CO2?
What is the total storage capacity of the Weyburn oilfield for CO2?
What percentage of CO2 used in CO2 EOR projects in the USA comes from natural sources?
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How much CO2 is the Hellisheidi geothermal plant in Iceland capturing annually?
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What is the primary method of subsurface sequestration (Geosequestration)?
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What is the percentage of CO2 emissions reduction that Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) contributes in the 'Net Zero by 2050' scenario, according to the IEA?
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In 2022, what was the approximate volume of CO2 that was sequestered?
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What is the expected increase in CO2 capture and storage from 2020 to 2050, according to historical vs. IEA Net Zero Scenario analysis?
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What constitutes 50% of the assessment for the GEOL 40310 module?
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Which geological process is crucial in a functional petroleum system?
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What type of rock is highly significant in the petroleum system?
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Which country had a ban on issuing oil and gas exploration licenses in 2019?
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What type of gas accounted for the majority of total US production in 2021?
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Which basin was highly petroliferous until 200 million years ago?
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Which process is responsible for the formation of basalt at seafloor spreading centers?
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What type of rocks are formed in subduction regions?
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What process is utilized for oil production in the Ula Field in the Norwegian Central Graben?
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What percentage of natural gas used in Ireland was imported by 2014?
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Where were more discoveries made between 2000-2012 compared to any other tectonic setting?
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What is the primary focus of Geol 40310 Lecture D4?
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Where is new lithosphere created according to the plate tectonics summary in Geol 40310 Lecture D4?
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What does the subsurface carbon cycle involve?
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What is the age of many source rocks for oil according to the geological time chart in Geol 40310 Lecture D4?
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What is the focus of Geol 40310 Lecture D4?
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What is the primary focus of the carbon cycle according to Kroeger et al. (2011)?
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Where does old lithosphere return to according to the plate tectonics summary in Geol 40310 Lecture D4?
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What does the surficial carbon cycle involve?
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What is involved in the downstream process according to Geol 40310 Lecture D4?
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What is involved in the upstream process according to Geol 40310 Lecture D4?
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Which geological process is essential for a functional petroleum system?
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What type of rock is highly petroliferous in the East Orphan Basin?
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Where is basalt primarily produced?
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What type of rock plays a crucial role in the petroleum system, including organic-rich marine shales?
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In which country did indigenous gas production match demand until the 1980s and early 1990s?
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What type of recovery method was utilized for oil production in the Ula Field in the Norwegian Central Graben?
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What percentage of total US production did shale gas account for in 2021?
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What was the primary focus of the Norwegian government's decision to ban issuing oil and gas exploration licenses in 2019?
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When did the Corrib field in Ireland start production?
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Where are andesites and rhyolites primarily produced?
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Which process involves organic matter burial and remobilization as oil and gas?
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Where is new lithosphere created?
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In which regions do shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquakes occur?
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What is transferred to the atmosphere over millions of years?
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Which geological process is associated with the age of many source rocks for oil?
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Where is old lithosphere returned to?
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What is cycled between the atmosphere, the oceans, and rocks?
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Which geological process involves the transfer of carbon (CO2) between soil, vegetation, the oceans, and the atmosphere?
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What does the subsurface cycle involve?
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Which geological process involves the age of much coal and less restricted gas source rocks?
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Study Notes
Geol 40310: Fossil Fuels and CCS Module Overview
- Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) contributes about 15% of total CO2 emissions reduction in the "Net Zero by 2050" scenario according to the IEA.
- The IEA net-zero scenario predicts an annual CO2 capture and storage of 5 – 17 Gt CO2 across the total energy system by 2050.
- Subsurface Sequestration (Geosequestration) involves utilizing depleted oil/gas fields, unminable coal seams, enhanced oil recovery, saline aquifers, and mineral sequestration for CO2 storage.
- The Weyburn oilfield is sequestering 2 million tonnes of CO2 a year, with a total storage capacity of approximately 55 Mt CO2.
- Over 70% of CO2 used in CO2 EOR projects in the USA comes from natural sources such as natural CO2 reservoirs and industrial CO2 sources.
- The Sleipner CO2 Storage Project has been sequestering 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year in the Utsira sandstone since 1996.
- In 2022, approximately 43 million tonnes of CO2 were sequestered, mainly as part of Enhanced Oil Recovery activities.
- The Hellisheidi geothermal plant in Iceland mineralizes CO2 as carbonates within two years and has captured 12,000 tonnes CO2/year, around 30% of emissions.
- The projected CO2 capture and storage is expected to increase from 40 million tonnes in 2020 to 7,500 million tonnes in 2050, according to historical vs. IEA Net Zero Scenario analysis.
- The module assessment for the course includes a two-hour MCQ examination and continual assessment based on practicals and presentations.
- The module structure involves geology and reservoir engineering practicals, poster presentations, and seminar presentations, with a two-hour MCQ exam constituting 50% of the assessment.
- The examination for GEOL 40310 is scheduled for Friday 15th December 2023, and a sample paper is provided for preparation.
Geological Processes and Petroleum Production
- Basalt is produced at seafloor spreading centers, and andesites and rhyolites are produced at arc systems above regions of collision.
- Metamorphic rocks are formed in subduction regions and in areas of continent-continent collision.
- The Porcupine Basin shared its geological history with the East Orphan Basin until 200 million years ago, with the latter being highly petroliferous.
- Between 2000-2012, more discoveries in passive margins were made than in any other tectonic setting.
- Sedimentary rocks play a crucial role in the petroleum system, including organic-rich marine shales, submarine fan deposits, river deposits, and delta deposits.
- A functional petroleum system involves several geological processes, including accumulation and retention, migration, source rock, maturation, reservoir rock, seal rock, and trap.
- Shale gas accounted for 79% of total US production in 2021, while tight oil accounted for 64%.
- In Ireland, indigenous gas production matched demand until the 1980s and early 1990s, but by 2014, 96% of natural gas used was imported.
- The Corrib field in Ireland started production in late 2015, but its production does not meet demand.
- In Norway, a ban on issuing oil and gas exploration licenses was agreed by the government in 2019, with a focus on transitioning to gas as a fuel.
- In 2021, 53 new exploration licenses were awarded offshore Norway.
- The Ula Field in the Norwegian Central Graben, discovered in 1976, utilized primary depletion, secondary recovery through waterflooding, and tertiary recovery through miscible gas injection for oil production.
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Description
Test your knowledge of geological processes and their role in petroleum production with this quiz. Explore topics such as sedimentary rocks, petroleum system components, tectonic settings for discoveries, and specific case studies in countries like Ireland and Norway.
