41 Questions
What is the outcome of organophosphate binding with cholinesterase?
It is an irreversible effect
What is the therapeutic effect of atropine in the presence of organophosphate or carbamate?
It relieves the over stimulation of muscles and glands
What is the consequence of the bound cholinesterase not being able to break down acetylcholine?
A build-up of acetylcholine with continuous electrical nerve impulse transmission
How often does the dose of atropine need to be repeated?
Every 15 minutes
What is the most common pathway of pesticide poisoning?
Dermal
What is the first common symptom of pesticide poisoning?
Nausea
What should be kept handy in case of pesticide poisoning?
Labels and MSDS
What is the result of the build-up of acetylcholine with continuous electrical nerve impulse transmission?
Over stimulation of muscles and glands
What percentage of reported cases in India were intentional?
6%
Which of the following professions is NOT exposed to pesticides?
Teachers
What is the purpose of indicating the chemical family on a pesticide sample label?
To classify the pesticide according to its chemical structure
How many reporting sites were there in Nepal during the 6-month period?
5
What is the main reason for field workers to shower after use?
To remove residuals on skin and clothes
Which of the following is a common circumstance identified for occupational risk factors?
Entering sprayed field before re-entry interval
What percentage of reported cases in Indonesia were accidental?
8%
What information is NOT typically found on a pesticide sample label?
Date of manufacture
What is the purpose of cholinesterase in the body?
To break down acetylcholine into acetate and choline
What is the effect of acetylcholine on muscle cells and glands?
They contract and become active
What is the LD50 of a chemical?
The amount of chemical that kills 50% of an experimental population
What is the significance of the 'DANGER' signal word on a label?
It indicates the product is extremely toxic and has a high potential for skin and eye irritation
What is the purpose of the label 'Kelas 19' on a Malaysian product?
It indicates the product is highly toxic and dangerous
What happens to acetylcholine after it has transmitted the electrical nerve impulse to the muscle cell?
It is broken down into acetate and choline by cholinesterase
What is the effect of atropine on the nervous system?
It blocks the production of acetylcholine
What is the role of the nerve cell in electrical nerve impulse transmission?
It transmits the electrical nerve impulse to the muscle cell
What is the primary purpose of a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?
To provide information on the safe handling and use of chemicals
Which body part has the highest absorption rate of chemicals?
Scrotal area
What is the recommended practice when pouring liquids?
Pouring liquids on a flat surface to prevent spills
What should you avoid when dealing with pesticides?
Using heavy containers
Why is it important to consider the nature of work performed when dealing with chemicals?
To determine the points of entry for chemicals
What is the recommended practice when opening powders?
Using scissors to open the container
What is the primary purpose of wearing splash goggles?
To protect the eyes from chemical splashes
What should you do when handling pesticides?
Keep your hands away from your face
What is the primary reason for applying pesticides back toward the wind?
To prevent drift and minimize exposure to bystanders
Why is it important to puncture the containers before disposal?
To prevent reuse of the containers
What is the main purpose of re-entry restrictions?
To prevent entry into sprayed areas until safe
Why is it important to store pesticides in their original containers?
To ensure the pesticide is properly labeled
What is the purpose of checking for loose connections, worn hoses, and clogged equipment?
To prevent equipment failure during application
Why is it important to load pesticides in a well-ventilated area?
To reduce the risk of exposure to pesticides
What is the purpose of washing clothing separately from family laundry?
To reduce the risk of pesticide exposure to family members
Why is it important to apply pesticides at the recommended speed?
To reduce the risk of pesticide drift
What is the purpose of setting the appropriate delivery rate?
To ensure the recommended amount of pesticide is applied
Study Notes
Atropine and Pesticide Poisoning
- Atropine is a highly toxic substance, classified as "DANGER/POISON" or "EXTREMELY TOXIC" by ingestion, with a high potential for skin and eye irritation.
- The LD50 (Lethal Dose 50%) of Atropine is the amount of chemical it takes to kill 50% of an experimental population.
Normal Electrical Nerve Impulse Transmission
- In a normal electrical nerve impulse transmission, the body produces cholinesterase, which breaks up acetylcholine into acetate and choline.
- Acetylcholine acts as a bridge, transmitting the electrical charge to the muscle cell, causing muscles and glands to contract.
- Once acetylcholine is broken, it can no longer transmit electrical nerve impulses, and the muscles and glands are quiet.
Disruption of Electrical Nerve Impulse Transmission by Organophosphate-Carbamate
- Organophosphate (Op) or carbamate binds with cholinesterase, disrupting the normal electrical nerve impulse transmission.
- This binding effect is irreversible with an Op but not with a carbamate.
- Atropine relieves the overstimulation of muscles and glands by reducing the amount of acetylcholine, but its effect only lasts 15 minutes, requiring repeated doses.
Pesticide Poisoning
- Pesticide poisoning can occur through skin (dermal) absorption, inhalation, or ingestion.
- Symptoms of pesticide poisoning include 1st common symptoms, 3 severe symptoms, and prolonged symptoms.
Protective Equipment and Safe Handling
- Most important equipment for handling pesticides includes long-sleeved shirts, full-length pants, splash goggles, rubber gloves, and rubber boots.
- Always read the label to determine protection, consider the nature of work performed, and consider points of entry (dermal, oral, eyes).
- Mixing pesticides requires careful direction, using only recommended amounts, and using appropriate measuring tools.
Insecticide Classification and Occupational Risk Factors
- Insecticide classification includes various types of pesticides, such as insect control agents.
- Professions exposed to pesticides include aerial equipment maintenance, agronomists, building maintenance workers, emergency responders, entomologists, firefighters, forestry workers, and more.
Removing PPE and Cleaning
- Remove PPE carefully, and clean PPE regularly.
- Showering after use is recommended to remove any residue.
Pesticide Sample Label
- A pesticide sample label should include the type of pesticide, company name, brand name, common/generic name (active ingredient), and chemical family.
- The label should also include instructions for mixing, loading, and applying pesticides, as well as warnings for safe handling and disposal.
Safe Disposal of Pesticides
- Clear all remaining pesticides, and rinse the container with lots of water.
- Puncture the container, bring it to the disposal center (if available), and store pesticides in a well-ventilated, dry area, locked and with appropriate signage.
This quiz covers the classification of insecticides and control agents, as well as the various professions that are exposed to pesticides. It includes questions on aerial equipment maintenance, building maintenance, and more. Test your knowledge of pesticide handling and exposure risks!
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