Personality Psychometrics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of psychological measurement?

  • To assign random numbers to individuals
  • To measure only observable psychological concepts
  • To create unobservable attributes
  • To make an indirect assessment of latent attributes (correct)

    • What is the problem with representing neuroticism squared?

  • It can only be represented subjectively
  • It does not affect psychological constructs
  • It is not clear how to represent it numerically (correct)
  • It requires complex statistical transformations

    • What is the purpose of standardisation in psychological measurement?

  • To limit the usefulness of test scores
  • To transform scale scores into universal indexes for comparison (correct)
  • To make all test scores identical
  • To introduce bias in measurements

    • What is the main concern in sampling for psychological measurement?

    <p>Avoiding systematic and non-systematic biases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does validity refer to in psychological measurement?

    <p>The degree to which an instrument measures what it claims to measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality trait is most linked with emotional deficits and greater difficulties with emotion regulation?

    <p>Psychopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model is used for job performance predictions and suggests that conscientiousness is an exception in predicting job performance?

    <p>6-2-1 Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the workplace, which combination of traits is associated with hard tactics such as threats?

    <p>Psychopathy and Machiavellianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is correlated with differences in general factor of personality (GFP) due to varying reproductive strategies?

    <p>Evolutionary fitness of personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is associated with low commitment and a fast strategy for reproductive success?

    <p>Dark Triad traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of validity assesses the degree to which a test correlates with a theoretical representation of the construct?

    <p>Criterion-related validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of generating operational definitions for empirical assessment?

    <p>Operationalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does discriminant (divergent) validity demonstrate?

    <p>Low correlation between unrelated constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of validity ensures that scores represent the content area they claim to represent?

    <p>Structural validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reliability measure in psychological measurement?

    <p>The stability of measurement output across time or context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Cattell's trait classifications?

    <p>Ability traits, Temperament traits, Dynamic traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heritability index for Neuroticism?

    <p>0.31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the Five Factor Model (FFM)?

    <p>Costa and Mcrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sources of data for personality assessment according to the text?

    <p>L-data, Q-data, T-data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Cattell's 16 source traits/domains known as?

    <p>16 PF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of measurement in factor analysis is related to the way questions are presented to the participants?

    <p>Format-related measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to measure internal consistency reliability in psychometrics?

    <p>Cronbach’s alpha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor analysis approach is used to identify or create latent constructs?

    <p>Exploratory factor analysis (EFA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Gordon Allport's traits theory emphasize in factor analysis?

    <p>Retaining meaningful and interpretable factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Allport, how is the self defined?

    <p>Integration of personal traits and the development of a sense of self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model aims to distill personality into a single number?

    <p>Cattell's Specification Equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Dark Triad encompass?

    <p>Narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach in clinical and criminal screening involves population-based methods?

    <p>Nomothetic approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality model includes honesty/humility as an additional trait?

    <p>Big-6 HEXACO model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of back-translation in the etic approach?

    <p>To check for meaning equivalence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Emic approach in the context of personality traits?

    <p>Culture-specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cattell's Specification Equation aim to achieve in personality assessment?

    <p>Distill personality into a single number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Dark Triad in the context of personality traits?

    <p>Encompasses narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional traits are included in the Big-6 HEXACO model compared to the Big-5?

    <p>Honesty/humility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of alternative lexical models in personality trait research?

    <p>Developed by factor analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does validity refer to in psychological measurement?

    <p>The degree to which an instrument measures what it claims to measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in sampling for psychological measurement?

    <p>Representing the population while avoiding biases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of standardization in psychological measurement?

    <p>To transform scale scores into universal indexes for comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reliability measure in psychological measurement?

    <p>Consistency and stability of test scores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of psychological measurement?

    <p>To make indirect assessments of latent attributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model is used for job performance predictions and suggests that conscientiousness is an exception in predicting job performance?

    <p>The 6-2-1 Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is associated with low commitment and a fast strategy for reproductive success?

    <p>Neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the General Factor of Personality (GFP) correlate with, leading to differences in reproductive strategies?

    <p>Evolving trait theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model suggests that higher GFP is associated with K-strategy over R-strategy?

    <p>Evolved trait theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Dark Triad in the context of personality traits?

    <p>Workplace behavior and tactics for gaining power/reward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Cattell's trait classifications?

    <p>Erg, Sentiment, Attitude, Metaergs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heritability index for Neuroticism?

    <p>0.31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of alternative lexical models in personality trait research?

    <p>Importance of word frequency and cross-cultural presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the Five Factor Model (FFM)?

    <p>Costa and Mcrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reliability measure in psychological measurement?

    <p>Consistency and stability of measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of factor analysis is used to validate identified constructs?

    <p>Exploratory factor analysis (EFA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cronbach’s alpha measure in reliability coefficients?

    <p>Internal consistency reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In factor analysis, what do orthogonal factors refer to?

    <p>Factors that are uncorrelated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Gordon Allport's traits theory emphasize in factor analysis?

    <p>Retaining meaningful and interpretable factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary influence on the structure of personality according to the text?

    <p>Psychobiological characteristics influenced by biology, genetics, and environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of validity assesses the degree to which a test correlates with a theoretical representation of the construct?

    <p>Criterion-related validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does discriminant (divergent) validity demonstrate?

    <p>Lower levels of correlation between unrelated constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of alternative lexical models in personality trait research?

    <p>Describing and categorizing personality traits based on natural language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of standardization in psychological measurement?

    <p>To provide a common frame of reference for interpretation and comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reliability measure in psychological measurement?

    <p>The stability of measurement output across time or context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model involves using back-translation to check for meaning equivalence?

    <p>Emic approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality model aims to distill personality into a single number?

    <p>Cattell's Specification Equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model includes facets like honesty/humility as an additional trait?

    <p>Five Factor Model (FFM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality model encompasses narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism?

    <p>Dark Triad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach in clinical and criminal screening involves population-based methods?

    <p>Nomothetic approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Personality Traits and their Cross-Cultural Replication

    • Openness to experience includes facets like fantasy, aesthetic appreciation, and creativity.
    • Emic approach is culture-specific, while etic approach is expert-driven and back-translation is used to check for meaning equivalence.
    • Agreeableness and conscientiousness were added later to the Big-5 personality traits.
    • Clinical and criminal screening involves nomothetic (population-based) and ideographic (individual-based) approaches.
    • Cattell's Specification Equation aims to distill personality into a single number.
    • Alternative lexical models were developed by factor analysis.
    • The abridged Big-5 dimensional circumplex is a circular model that maps facets onto two dimensions.
    • The Big-6 HEXACO model includes honesty/humility, explaining unaccounted variance in the Big-5.
    • The Big-5 has comprehensive coverage, but dimensions are not entirely orthogonal and need theoretical updating.
    • The Dark Triad encompasses narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism, with subclinical levels existing in the general population.
    • Narcissism includes grandiose and vulnerable facets, measured using tools like NPI and PNI.
    • Psychopathy consists of primary and secondary traits, measured using Levenson’s Self-report Psychopathy Scale and MACH-4.

    Personality Traits and their Cross-Cultural Replication

    • Openness to experience includes facets like fantasy, aesthetic appreciation, and creativity.
    • Emic approach is culture-specific, while etic approach is expert-driven and back-translation is used to check for meaning equivalence.
    • Agreeableness and conscientiousness were added later to the Big-5 personality traits.
    • Clinical and criminal screening involves nomothetic (population-based) and ideographic (individual-based) approaches.
    • Cattell's Specification Equation aims to distill personality into a single number.
    • Alternative lexical models were developed by factor analysis.
    • The abridged Big-5 dimensional circumplex is a circular model that maps facets onto two dimensions.
    • The Big-6 HEXACO model includes honesty/humility, explaining unaccounted variance in the Big-5.
    • The Big-5 has comprehensive coverage, but dimensions are not entirely orthogonal and need theoretical updating.
    • The Dark Triad encompasses narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism, with subclinical levels existing in the general population.
    • Narcissism includes grandiose and vulnerable facets, measured using tools like NPI and PNI.
    • Psychopathy consists of primary and secondary traits, measured using Levenson’s Self-report Psychopathy Scale and MACH-4.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of psychometrics, personality theories, and cross-cultural replication of personality traits with this quiz. Explore topics such as factor analysis, reliability coefficients, Big-5 personality traits, HEXACO model, and the Dark Triad. Challenge yourself with questions on the measurement of personality, trait theories, and the influence of culture on personality traits.

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