Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of psychological measurement?
What is the purpose of psychological measurement?
- To assign random numbers to individuals
- To measure only observable psychological concepts
- To create unobservable attributes
- To make an indirect assessment of latent attributes (correct)
What is the problem with representing neuroticism squared?
What is the problem with representing neuroticism squared?
- It can only be represented subjectively
- It does not affect psychological constructs
- It is not clear how to represent it numerically (correct)
- It requires complex statistical transformations
What is the purpose of standardisation in psychological measurement?
What is the purpose of standardisation in psychological measurement?
- To limit the usefulness of test scores
- To transform scale scores into universal indexes for comparison (correct)
- To make all test scores identical
- To introduce bias in measurements
What is the main concern in sampling for psychological measurement?
What is the main concern in sampling for psychological measurement?
What does validity refer to in psychological measurement?
What does validity refer to in psychological measurement?
Which personality trait is most linked with emotional deficits and greater difficulties with emotion regulation?
Which personality trait is most linked with emotional deficits and greater difficulties with emotion regulation?
Which model is used for job performance predictions and suggests that conscientiousness is an exception in predicting job performance?
Which model is used for job performance predictions and suggests that conscientiousness is an exception in predicting job performance?
In the workplace, which combination of traits is associated with hard tactics such as threats?
In the workplace, which combination of traits is associated with hard tactics such as threats?
Which factor is correlated with differences in general factor of personality (GFP) due to varying reproductive strategies?
Which factor is correlated with differences in general factor of personality (GFP) due to varying reproductive strategies?
Which trait is associated with low commitment and a fast strategy for reproductive success?
Which trait is associated with low commitment and a fast strategy for reproductive success?
Which type of validity assesses the degree to which a test correlates with a theoretical representation of the construct?
Which type of validity assesses the degree to which a test correlates with a theoretical representation of the construct?
What is the process of generating operational definitions for empirical assessment?
What is the process of generating operational definitions for empirical assessment?
What does discriminant (divergent) validity demonstrate?
What does discriminant (divergent) validity demonstrate?
Which type of validity ensures that scores represent the content area they claim to represent?
Which type of validity ensures that scores represent the content area they claim to represent?
What does reliability measure in psychological measurement?
What does reliability measure in psychological measurement?
What are Cattell's trait classifications?
What are Cattell's trait classifications?
What is the heritability index for Neuroticism?
What is the heritability index for Neuroticism?
Who developed the Five Factor Model (FFM)?
Who developed the Five Factor Model (FFM)?
What are the sources of data for personality assessment according to the text?
What are the sources of data for personality assessment according to the text?
What are Cattell's 16 source traits/domains known as?
What are Cattell's 16 source traits/domains known as?
Which type of measurement in factor analysis is related to the way questions are presented to the participants?
Which type of measurement in factor analysis is related to the way questions are presented to the participants?
What is used to measure internal consistency reliability in psychometrics?
What is used to measure internal consistency reliability in psychometrics?
Which factor analysis approach is used to identify or create latent constructs?
Which factor analysis approach is used to identify or create latent constructs?
What does Gordon Allport's traits theory emphasize in factor analysis?
What does Gordon Allport's traits theory emphasize in factor analysis?
According to Allport, how is the self defined?
According to Allport, how is the self defined?
Which model aims to distill personality into a single number?
Which model aims to distill personality into a single number?
What does the Dark Triad encompass?
What does the Dark Triad encompass?
Which approach in clinical and criminal screening involves population-based methods?
Which approach in clinical and criminal screening involves population-based methods?
Which personality model includes honesty/humility as an additional trait?
Which personality model includes honesty/humility as an additional trait?
What is the purpose of back-translation in the etic approach?
What is the purpose of back-translation in the etic approach?
What is the Emic approach in the context of personality traits?
What is the Emic approach in the context of personality traits?
What does Cattell's Specification Equation aim to achieve in personality assessment?
What does Cattell's Specification Equation aim to achieve in personality assessment?
What is the Dark Triad in the context of personality traits?
What is the Dark Triad in the context of personality traits?
What additional traits are included in the Big-6 HEXACO model compared to the Big-5?
What additional traits are included in the Big-6 HEXACO model compared to the Big-5?
What is the primary focus of alternative lexical models in personality trait research?
What is the primary focus of alternative lexical models in personality trait research?
What does validity refer to in psychological measurement?
What does validity refer to in psychological measurement?
What is the primary concern in sampling for psychological measurement?
What is the primary concern in sampling for psychological measurement?
What is the purpose of standardization in psychological measurement?
What is the purpose of standardization in psychological measurement?
What does reliability measure in psychological measurement?
What does reliability measure in psychological measurement?
What is the main purpose of psychological measurement?
What is the main purpose of psychological measurement?
Which model is used for job performance predictions and suggests that conscientiousness is an exception in predicting job performance?
Which model is used for job performance predictions and suggests that conscientiousness is an exception in predicting job performance?
Which trait is associated with low commitment and a fast strategy for reproductive success?
Which trait is associated with low commitment and a fast strategy for reproductive success?
What does the General Factor of Personality (GFP) correlate with, leading to differences in reproductive strategies?
What does the General Factor of Personality (GFP) correlate with, leading to differences in reproductive strategies?
Which model suggests that higher GFP is associated with K-strategy over R-strategy?
Which model suggests that higher GFP is associated with K-strategy over R-strategy?
What is the primary focus of the Dark Triad in the context of personality traits?
What is the primary focus of the Dark Triad in the context of personality traits?
What are Cattell's trait classifications?
What are Cattell's trait classifications?
What is the heritability index for Neuroticism?
What is the heritability index for Neuroticism?
What is the primary focus of alternative lexical models in personality trait research?
What is the primary focus of alternative lexical models in personality trait research?
Who developed the Five Factor Model (FFM)?
Who developed the Five Factor Model (FFM)?
What does reliability measure in psychological measurement?
What does reliability measure in psychological measurement?
Which type of factor analysis is used to validate identified constructs?
Which type of factor analysis is used to validate identified constructs?
What does Cronbach’s alpha measure in reliability coefficients?
What does Cronbach’s alpha measure in reliability coefficients?
In factor analysis, what do orthogonal factors refer to?
In factor analysis, what do orthogonal factors refer to?
What does Gordon Allport's traits theory emphasize in factor analysis?
What does Gordon Allport's traits theory emphasize in factor analysis?
What is the primary influence on the structure of personality according to the text?
What is the primary influence on the structure of personality according to the text?
Which type of validity assesses the degree to which a test correlates with a theoretical representation of the construct?
Which type of validity assesses the degree to which a test correlates with a theoretical representation of the construct?
What does discriminant (divergent) validity demonstrate?
What does discriminant (divergent) validity demonstrate?
What is the primary focus of alternative lexical models in personality trait research?
What is the primary focus of alternative lexical models in personality trait research?
What is the purpose of standardization in psychological measurement?
What is the purpose of standardization in psychological measurement?
What does reliability measure in psychological measurement?
What does reliability measure in psychological measurement?
Which model involves using back-translation to check for meaning equivalence?
Which model involves using back-translation to check for meaning equivalence?
Which personality model aims to distill personality into a single number?
Which personality model aims to distill personality into a single number?
Which model includes facets like honesty/humility as an additional trait?
Which model includes facets like honesty/humility as an additional trait?
Which personality model encompasses narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism?
Which personality model encompasses narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism?
Which approach in clinical and criminal screening involves population-based methods?
Which approach in clinical and criminal screening involves population-based methods?
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Study Notes
Personality Traits and their Cross-Cultural Replication
- Openness to experience includes facets like fantasy, aesthetic appreciation, and creativity.
- Emic approach is culture-specific, while etic approach is expert-driven and back-translation is used to check for meaning equivalence.
- Agreeableness and conscientiousness were added later to the Big-5 personality traits.
- Clinical and criminal screening involves nomothetic (population-based) and ideographic (individual-based) approaches.
- Cattell's Specification Equation aims to distill personality into a single number.
- Alternative lexical models were developed by factor analysis.
- The abridged Big-5 dimensional circumplex is a circular model that maps facets onto two dimensions.
- The Big-6 HEXACO model includes honesty/humility, explaining unaccounted variance in the Big-5.
- The Big-5 has comprehensive coverage, but dimensions are not entirely orthogonal and need theoretical updating.
- The Dark Triad encompasses narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism, with subclinical levels existing in the general population.
- Narcissism includes grandiose and vulnerable facets, measured using tools like NPI and PNI.
- Psychopathy consists of primary and secondary traits, measured using Levenson’s Self-report Psychopathy Scale and MACH-4.
Personality Traits and their Cross-Cultural Replication
- Openness to experience includes facets like fantasy, aesthetic appreciation, and creativity.
- Emic approach is culture-specific, while etic approach is expert-driven and back-translation is used to check for meaning equivalence.
- Agreeableness and conscientiousness were added later to the Big-5 personality traits.
- Clinical and criminal screening involves nomothetic (population-based) and ideographic (individual-based) approaches.
- Cattell's Specification Equation aims to distill personality into a single number.
- Alternative lexical models were developed by factor analysis.
- The abridged Big-5 dimensional circumplex is a circular model that maps facets onto two dimensions.
- The Big-6 HEXACO model includes honesty/humility, explaining unaccounted variance in the Big-5.
- The Big-5 has comprehensive coverage, but dimensions are not entirely orthogonal and need theoretical updating.
- The Dark Triad encompasses narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism, with subclinical levels existing in the general population.
- Narcissism includes grandiose and vulnerable facets, measured using tools like NPI and PNI.
- Psychopathy consists of primary and secondary traits, measured using Levenson’s Self-report Psychopathy Scale and MACH-4.
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