Personality Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which personality disorder is characterized by a perception of perfectionism and control that individuals consider advantageous?

  • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) (correct)
  • Borderline Personality Disorder
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder

    • What is a potential outcome of Kluver-Bucy Syndrome in monkeys following the destruction of the amygdala?

  • Development of advanced problem-solving skills
  • Enhanced aggression towards humans
  • Increased social bonding with peers
  • Inability to recognize objects and their uses (correct)

    • Which of the following describes the symptoms related to Complex Partial Seizures associated with Geschwind Syndrome?

  • Complete loss of short-term memory
  • Obsession with detail and excessive writing (correct)
  • Intense period of depression and withdrawal
  • Extreme physical aggression and impulsivity

    • Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) experiencing complex partial seizures may exhibit which of the following behaviors?

    <p>Defensive aggression disproportionate to provocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amygdala is primarily involved in linking experiences to their emotional meanings. Which condition may highlight its dysfunction?

    <p>Kluver-Bucy Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Schizoid Personality Disorder?

    <p>Preference for solitary activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by cognitive distortions and eccentric behavior?

    <p>Schizotypal Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which personality disorder does an individual display a persistent distrust and suspicion of others?

    <p>Paranoid Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional characteristic is notable in Histrionic Personality Disorder?

    <p>Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is primarily associated with fear of abandonment and emotional instability?

    <p>Borderline Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consistent behavior pattern associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder?

    <p>Manipulative and impulsive behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary feature of Avoidant Personality Disorder?

    <p>Extreme sensitivity to criticism or rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of Dependent Personality Disorder?

    <p>Difficulty making everyday decisions without reassurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is specifically supported for Borderline Personality Disorder?

    <p>Dialectical Behavior Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are transient psychotic episodes often triggered by?

    <p>High levels of stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pervasive feature of Antisocial Personality Disorder?

    <p>Lack of remorse for harmful actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes sociopathy from psychopathy?

    <p>Focus on environmental and social factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a core element of Dialectical Behavior Therapy?

    <p>Mindfulness and emotion regulation techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom often accompanies Borderline Personality Disorder related to self-harm?

    <p>Self-mutilation or cutting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes splitting as a defense mechanism in individuals with personality disorders?

    <p>Rapidly idealizing or devaluing others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of behavior is characteristic of Antisocial Personality Disorder during childhood?

    <p>Violation of laws and social norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for Personality Disorders?

    <p>Direct punitive approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Personality Disorders

    • Cluster A (Odd/Eccentric): Characterized by social detachment and unusual thinking patterns.
      • Schizoid Personality Disorder: Detachment from social relationships, limited emotional expression, preferring solitary activities, and appearing cold or aloof.
      • Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Significant discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions (e.g., magical thinking, odd beliefs), eccentric behavior/appearance, and social anxiety stemming from paranoia.
      • Paranoid Personality Disorder: Persistent distrust and suspicion of others' motives, reluctance to confide in others, misinterpretation of benign remarks/events, often grudging, unforgiving, or hypersensitive to criticism.

    Cluster B (Dramatic/Emotional)

    • Antisocial Personality Disorder: Disregard for and violation of others' rights, deceitful, manipulative, impulsive behavior (often criminal), lack of remorse or empathy, irresponsibility in work and relationships. Diagnosed after age 18, with early signs often being Conduct Disorder. Common characteristics include lying, skipping school, violence, drug abuse, and lack of remorse.
      • Psychopathy: Personality traits like superficial charm, lack of empathy; sometimes considered a subset of ASPD.
      • Sociopathy: Emphasizes environmental factors (e.g., upbringing; common among gangs, criminals; more impulsive, with more emotional outbursts)
    • Histrionic Personality Disorder: Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking, dramatic/theatrical behavior to gain approval, easily influenced, and perceptions of relationships as more intimate than they are.
    • Borderline Personality Disorder: Instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions, impulsivity (e.g., reckless spending, substance abuse), intense fear of abandonment, episodes of anger, depression, and feelings of emptiness.
    • Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy, sense of entitlement and belief in being "special," exploitative in relationships, and fragile self-esteem.

    Cluster C (Anxious/Fearful)

    • Avoidant Personality Disorder: Extreme sensitivity to criticism or rejection, avoidance of social interactions despite desire for connection, feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem, and reluctance to engage in new activities due to fear of embarrassment.
    • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD): Preoccupation with order, perfection, and control, inflexibility in morals/ethics/values, excessive devotion to work at the expense of leisure and relationships, reluctance to delegate tasks or compromise standards. OCD is distinct; it involves specific obsessions and compulsions causing distress. OCPD is a pattern.
    • Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder: Indirect resistance to authority or demands, procrastination, forgetfulness, intentional inefficiency, subtle hostility (e.g., sarcasm, stubbornness), chronic feelings of resentment and dissatisfaction.

    Treatment and Etiology

    • Symptomatic Treatment: Medication (e.g., mood stabilizers, antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics) for specific symptoms. (Effectiveness can vary).
    • Treatment Approaches: Long-term therapy is essential, encompassing individual or group sessions.
    • Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is the supported, evidence-based treatment, often involving structured psychodynamic therapy and weekly group and individual sessions, combined with diary cards, for monitoring behaviors and developing coping skills.
    • Risk Factors (BPD): Early physical or sexual abuse, failure to master separation/individuation from the mother, faulty family boundaries, invalidating environment.
    • Self-mutilation/Dissociation: Coping mechanisms for intense emotional pain, providing temporary control/relief; dissociation is a response to overwhelming stress, leading to detachment.
    • Transient Psychotic Episodes: Brief episodes of paranoia, depersonalization, or derealization due to stress, temporarily impairing reality testing.
    • Splitting: Defensive mechanism where people are viewed as "all good" or "all bad," without a balanced perspective.
      • Antisocial Personality Disorder Etiology:
      • Genetic Factors: Family history of antisocial behaviors, personality disorders;
      • Brain Abnormalities: Reduced prefrontal cortex/amygdala activity/structure;
      • Environmental Factors: Early trauma/abuse, inconsistent parenting, neglect;
      • Neurochemical Imbalances: Abnormalities in serotonin and dopamine systems.
    • Psychopathy and Physiology: Hypotheses include low, slow, or variable arousal, with relative sensitivity to reward/punishment; evidence supports these.
    • Treatment for Antisocial PD and psychopaths: Incarceration is the only evidence-based treatment, although successful psychopaths can be present in various professions.

    Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Personality:

    • Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE): Can lead to complex personality changes, including hypermorality, an obsession with detail and trivia, talkativeness, writing excessively, interpersonal difficulties, hyperreligiousity, expanded sense of destiny, fetishism, reduced humor, and sexual disinterest.
    • Kluver-Bucy Syndrome: Damaging the amydala can result in strange behaviors.
    • Simple Partial Seizures: Brief, sensory experiences, typically within the amygdala
    • Complex Partial Seizures: Blank-outs/unresponsiveness, disorientation, and bizarre behaviors after seemingly minor triggers, followed by a variety of symptoms; more widespread in the temporal lobe
    • Defensive Aggression: Individuals with TLE might react aggressively to perceived threats in ways disproportionate to the provocation.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the different clusters of personality disorders, focusing on Cluster A and Cluster B characteristics. Learn about disorders such as Schizoid, Schizotypal, Paranoid, and Antisocial Personality Disorders. Test your understanding of their distinctive features and symptoms.

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