Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the concept that describes the extent to which a person believes that power and status differences are appropriate within social hierarchies?
What is the concept that describes the extent to which a person believes that power and status differences are appropriate within social hierarchies?
- Stereotyping
- Authoritarianism (correct)
- Self-efficacy
- Self-esteem
Which theoretical approach to motivation focuses on identifying the specific need or set of needs that result in motivated behavior?
Which theoretical approach to motivation focuses on identifying the specific need or set of needs that result in motivated behavior?
- Process-based models of motivation
- Cultural background stereotyping
- Need-based models of motivation (correct)
- Reinforcement model of motivation
What is the concept that represents the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment?
What is the concept that represents the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment?
- Stereotyping
- Self-efficacy
- Process-based models of motivation
- Perceptual process (correct)
Which model of motivation deals with how people assess the consequences of their behavioral choices and how that assessment affects the future choice of behaviors?
Which model of motivation deals with how people assess the consequences of their behavioral choices and how that assessment affects the future choice of behaviors?
What is the concept that describes the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual?
What is the concept that describes the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual?
Which of the following best describes personality?
Which of the following best describes personality?
The 'nature versus nurture' debate in psychology involves the extent to which personality attributes are:
The 'nature versus nurture' debate in psychology involves the extent to which personality attributes are:
What is 'Locus of Control'?
What is 'Locus of Control'?
What is 'Self-efficacy'?
What is 'Self-efficacy'?
'Internal locus of control' refers to individuals who believe that:
'Internal locus of control' refers to individuals who believe that:
In the context of trade policy, which approach involves minimal government influence on exporting and importing decisions of private firms and individuals?
In the context of trade policy, which approach involves minimal government influence on exporting and importing decisions of private firms and individuals?
According to the national defence argument for trade intervention, what does a nation need to be dependent on to avoid vulnerability to threats from other countries?
According to the national defence argument for trade intervention, what does a nation need to be dependent on to avoid vulnerability to threats from other countries?
Which trade policy approach involves government intervention to balance exports and imports, ensuring exports receive a fair share of foreign markets and controlling imports to minimize job loss and market share decline in specific industries?
Which trade policy approach involves government intervention to balance exports and imports, ensuring exports receive a fair share of foreign markets and controlling imports to minimize job loss and market share decline in specific industries?
What is the primary objective of an import-substitution strategy in the context of economic development programs?
What is the primary objective of an import-substitution strategy in the context of economic development programs?
In the context of trade policy debates, what kind of broad policies may governments implement according to the national defense argument for intervening in the market?
In the context of trade policy debates, what kind of broad policies may governments implement according to the national defense argument for intervening in the market?
What is the rationale behind the infant industry argument?
What is the rationale behind the infant industry argument?
What is the purpose of export tariffs?
What is the purpose of export tariffs?
What does a quota act as a barrier to in international trade?
What does a quota act as a barrier to in international trade?
What is the purpose of embargoes in international trade?
What is the purpose of embargoes in international trade?
What is the purpose of voluntary export restraints (VERs) in international trade?
What is the purpose of voluntary export restraints (VERs) in international trade?
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Study Notes
Power and Status in Social Hierarchies
- The concept of social dominance orientation describes the belief in the legitimacy of power and status differences within hierarchies.
Motivation Theoretical Approaches
- Needs theory focuses on identifying specific needs that drive motivated behavior, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Awareness and Interpretation of Environment
- Perception involves processes by which individuals become aware of and interpret information about their surroundings.
Behavioral Choice Assessment
- The rational choice model examines how individuals assess the consequences of their actions and how these assessments influence future behavior choices.
Self-Worth and Deservingness
- Self-esteem reflects an individual's belief regarding their worthiness and deservingness as a person.
Understanding Personality
- Personality is best described as a set of enduring behavioral and psychological traits that influence an individual's interactions and reactions.
Nature vs. Nurture Debate
- This debate centers on the extent to which personality traits are influenced by genetics (nature) versus environment and upbringing (nurture).
Locus of Control
- Locus of control refers to a person's belief system regarding the extent of control they have over events affecting them, categorized as internal or external.
Self-Efficacy
- Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations, greatly impacting motivation and behavior.
Internal Locus of Control
- Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that their efforts and actions directly influence outcomes in their lives.
Minimal Government Influence in Trade
- The laissez-faire approach advocates for minimal government intervention in the export and import decisions of private entities.
National Defense Argument for Trade Intervention
- This argument suggests that a nation must avoid dependence on crucial resources from other countries to mitigate vulnerability to external threats.
Government Intervention in Trade
- The mercantilism approach involves government measures to balance exports and imports, support domestic jobs, and protect local industries.
Import-Substitution Strategy
- The primary objective of an import-substitution strategy is to encourage domestic production of goods previously imported to stimulate economic growth.
National Defense Trade Policies
- Governments may implement broad policies that protect vital industries for national security purposes under the national defense argument.
Rationale Behind Infant Industry Argument
- The infant industry argument supports protecting emerging industries until they gain the competitiveness needed to thrive in a global marketplace.
Purpose of Export Tariffs
- Export tariffs are levied to generate revenue for governments and regulate the flow of goods to foreign markets.
Quotas as Trade Barriers
- A quota limits the quantity of a specific product that can be imported or exported, acting as a barrier to trade.
Purpose of Embargoes
- Embargoes prohibit trade with specific countries, often employed for political reasons to apply economic pressure.
Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs)
- VERs are agreements where exporting countries limit the quantity of goods exported to another country, often to avoid harsher trade restrictions.
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