Personality Development

• Prepared by Angelo David A. Corales, instructor at the SASE Department.

Fundamentals of Understanding the Self

• An outline about Self/Physical Identity.
• Understanding the Self does not mean someone cannot understand themselves.

Persona

• "Persona" is Latin for the Greek theater.
• Greek actors wore masks during performances.

What is Personality?

• Personality describes inner psychological traits.
• Personality determines and reflects an individual’s responses.
• Personality results from one’s hereditary characteristics and childhood experiences.
• Personality is influenced by one's social and environmental setting.

Three Properties of Personality

• Personality reflects individual differences.
• Personality remains consistent and enduring
• Personality can change over time

Nature of Personality

• Personality is the result of both heredity and environment.
• Personality implies the integration of traits.
• Personality is composed of learned or acquired traits.
• Personality is a dynamic process.

Heredity

• Heredity involves physiological and psychological peculiarities inherited from parents.
• Peculiarities are transmitted through genes.

Environment

• Environment affects individuals from birth until death.
• Different stations in society lead to varying roles, temperaments, ways of thinking and characters.

Integration of Various Traits Result

• All of the elements identified as parts of personality structure are integrated rather than assembled.
• The integration of various traits results in a distinct whole, known as an individual's personality.
• Expressing yourself uniquely, whether through laughter, weeping, or lecturing, becomes a watermark of personality.

Personality Composition

• Personality is composed of traits that are learned or acquired.
• Learning plays an important role in shaping one's personality.
• Learned traits, also called learned behavior, are acquired through experience.
• Cheetahs learn to hunt and kill, while humans learn to walk, bathe, and brush their teeth through experience.
• Learning plays an important part we often misinterpret personality as the equivalent of learning.

Seven Different Types of Learning Styles

• The most effective study method is to blend different learning styles.
• Visual learners do well with symbols, boxes, charts, and colors in their notes.
• Verbal learners use techniques, such as reciting, note writing and highlighting.
• Aural learning uses sound and music, so can be more beneficial than reading.
• Physical learning involves using the body and sense of touch, described as hands-on.
• Logical learners often question to understand the whole situation.
• Social learners prefer to learn in groups and like brainstorming with others.
• Solitary learners tend to be more independent and enjoy time on their own.

Freud's Psycho-Sexual Theory

• Sigmund Freud had an enormous impact through psychoanalysis with the study of the human mind (unconscious mind).
• His psychoanalysis contains three subsystems.
• ID (pleasure oriented) seat of basic biological drives, bound up with sexual energy, which lacks perception of reality.
• The ID operates on the pleasure principle, and seeks physical objectives, like hunger and thirst.
• Ego is aware of reality via reality principles, recognizing consequences, as well as social rules.
• Super Ego or the conscience, driven, values and norms of society and stops bad behavior.

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

• Oral Stage: From birth to one year, ego develops.
• Anal Stage: From age one to three years of age.
• Phallic Stage: From age three to six years of age, the superego develops.
• Latent Stage: From Ages six to puberty, little to no sexual motivation is present.
• Genital Stage: From puberty to adulthood involving intercourse.

William James

• William James focused on nature of self which becomes part of "ME", refers to recognize feelings experienced during interactions with others.

Carl Rogers

• Carl Rogers agreed with Abraham Maslow's self actualization but to grow a person needs the environment.
• People desire to reach a person's highest potential and humanness.
• Roger believes that a person must be in a state of perfect harmony with their actual experience.

Real and Ideal Self

• Real self is a person's form; ideal self is what they wish to become, goals and ambitions, dynamic and forever changing.
• Real is permanent; ideal is suited for a purpose.

Chromosomes

• Humans normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 in each cell.
• 22 pairs of chromosomes called autosomes look same in both males and females.
• The 23rd pair, or gender chromosomes, differ between males and females.
• Females have copies of the X chromosome and males have one X and one Y chromosome.

Unpacking the Self - Physical Self

• Understand life stages and explain changes during each.
• Contributions of genetic/environmental factors to self’s physical development.
• Describe factors affecting body image.
• Examine cultures impact on body image and self.
• Developing a positive body image.

Physical Self

• The physical self refers to the body, including parts such as the head, neck, arms and legs.
• The physical self includes the brain, the heart, the lungs, the stomach, the intestines, and the muscles.
• The body performs its functions least well during infancy and old age.
• Physical efficiency generally peaks in early adulthood and declines into the middle age.
• Physical development during childhood occurs at a slow rate compared with the rapid rate of growth in babyhood.
• Adolescence begins with the onset of puberty
• It is characterized by rapid physical changes that includes the maturation of the reproductive system.

Stages of Life Span

• Life Span development is the period from conception to the end of life.
• Elizabeth B. Hurlock divided the stages into 10 parts.
• Prenatal time period is from fertilization to birth.
• Infancy extends from birth to 2 weeks of life.
• Babyhood spans from 2 weeks of life to 2nd year.
• Early childhood is 2 to 6 years old.
• Late childhood is 6 to 10 or 12 years old.
• Puberty is 10 or 12 to 14 years old.
• Adolescence is age14 to 18 years old.
• Early Adulthood is from 18 to 40 years of age.
• Middle adulthood is 40 to 46 years old.
• Late adulthood is from 60 years old to death

Nature Versus Nurture

• Socio-biologist, psychologist explains behavior traits are by genetics.
• Socio-biologist, anthropologists explain behavior is shaped through interaction.

Heredity

• Heredity is the biological process of transmission of traits from parents.
• One’s sex and physical traits are determined by chromosome and genes during fertilization of egg and sperm.

Chromosomes

• There are two types of chromosomes, Autosomes or traits chromosomes (22 Pairs).
• And Gonosome or Sex Chromosomes (the X and Y chromosomes).

Environment

• Environment factors expose an individual after conception, including learning and experience.
• Factors such as diet, nutrition and diseases play a role in physical development.

Body Image

• Individuals perceive, think about and feel about their body and physical appearance.
• How individuals perceive and think, and feel about their body and physical appearance.
• Appearance is one's heigh, weight, color, clothes and hairstyle.
• Self Esteem is a person's overall evaluation of worth.

Effects of Poor Body Image

• Body Dissatisfaction
• Depression
• Low self esteem
• Eating disorder
• Body Modification

Concepts of Beauty

• In Egyptian art, beautiful women are portrayed as long, black hair with slim waist and narrow hips.
• During the Renaissance period, full figure and rounded hips were considered beautiful.
• Some African tribes consider chubby or fat to be beautiful.
• The term beauty changes over time, based on changing culture which includes clean skin .
• As well as thick hair, well-proportioned body and symmetrical features.

This lesson covers the definition, origin, and factors influencing personality development. It explores hereditary and environmental influences, learned traits, and the integration of traits. It also discusses Freudian psychoanalytic theory, focusing on the id.