Personality medium chapter 2

Information about a person provided by themself, often through surveys or interviews.

Information about a person provided by others, such as teachers, family, or friends.

Experts who provide independent personality descriptions by observing and assessing a person.

Watching and recording behaviors in a person's everyday life.

Observing behaviors in controlled settings, often in a lab.

Information gathered from standardized tests used to see how different individuals react in similar situations.

Self-report data can be unreliable due to dishonesty or inaccurate self-perception.

Using several people to assess a person.

How well a measure assesses the theoretical concept it is intended to measure.

The degree to which the results of a study apply to other populations, settings, and times.

Research methods involving manipulation of variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships.

The act of changing one variable in an experiment to observe its effect on another (dependent) variable.

Research methods used to identify relationships between variables without implying causation.

A numerical value indicating the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.

In-depth studies of single individuals or events.

Personality information gathered from situations designed to elicit specific behaviors.

Participants might alter behavior to guess the purpose, researchers may influence responses, and the participants' perceptions and biases may distort interpretations.

Tools used to objectively measure behaviors, like activity levels, without relying on human observation.

A mechanical device used to measure children's activity levels.

Information about arousal, reactivity, and information processing speed, obtained through measuring physical responses.

Neuroimaging technique used to measure brain activity.

Personality assessment method using ambiguous stimuli to reveal unconscious wishes and desires.

Famous projective tests using inkblots and picture stories to gather personality information.

Information about personality gleaned from observable life events and outcomes.

Consistency of a measurement over time or among raters.

Consistency of a test over time.

Consistency of scores assigned by different raters.

Consistency of results across items within a test.

Consistency of results between two similar versions of a test.

A test measures what it's intended to measure.

Test appears to measure what it intends to on the surface.

Test predicts future behavior or performance.

Scores correlate with similar measures.

Tests do not correlate with unrelated measures.

Using multiple methods to confirm findings in a study.

Connecting findings from different sources of personality assessment data.

Personality measures are not perfect and may result in errors.

Information about a person gathered from their own accounts, like surveys or interviews.

Information about a person gathered from others who know them, like family or friends.

Experts who observe and provide objective personality descriptions.

Observing behavior in the participant's normal environment.

Observing behavior in a controlled setting, often a lab.

Information gathered from standardized tests in a controlled setting designed to elicit specific behaviors.

Self-report data can be inaccurate due to dishonesty, lack of self-awareness, or biases.

Using several people to assess a trait in one person.

How well a measurement tool accurately captures the intended theoretical concept.

The extent to which findings apply to different populations, settings, and contexts.

Research approach used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables.

Research used to determine relationships between variables, not causality.

In-depth investigation of one individual or group.

Numerical measure of relationship strength between two variables, ranging from -1 to +1.

Specific level of the manipulated variable in an experiment.

Actively changing one variable to observe its effect on another.

The relationship where one variable directly causes another.

Personality information gathered from situations designed to elicit specific behaviors.

Participants might alter behavior to guess the purpose, researchers may influence responses, and the participants' perceptions and biases may distort interpretations.

Tools used to objectively measure behaviors, like activity levels, without relying on human observation.

A mechanical device used to measure children's activity levels.

Information about arousal, reactivity, and information processing speed, obtained through measuring physical responses.

Neuroimaging technique used to measure brain activity.

Personality assessment method using ambiguous stimuli to reveal unconscious wishes and desires.

Famous projective tests using inkblots and picture stories to gather personality information.

Information about personality gleaned from observable life events and outcomes.

Consistency of a measurement over time or among raters.

Consistency of a test over time.

Consistency of scores assigned by different raters.

Consistency of results across items within a test.

Consistency of results between two similar versions of a test.

A test measures what it's intended to measure.

Test appears to measure what it intends to on the surface.

Test predicts future behavior or performance.

Scores correlate with similar measures.

Tests do not correlate with unrelated measures.

Using multiple methods to confirm findings in a study.

Connecting findings from different sources of personality assessment data.

Personality measures are not perfect and may result in errors.