Personal & Personality Development

Personal

• Relates to a particular person, individual, or body identity

Personality

• Originates from the Latin word "persona," meaning mask
• Encompasses a combination of qualities forming an individual's unique character
• Represents individual differences in thinking, feeling, and behaving patterns

Development

• Involves systematically using scientific knowledge to achieve specific objectives
• Signifies an act, process, or outcome of development or social transformations

Personal Development

• Encompasses the general development of body, attitude, identity, behavior, lifestyle, and thought processes
• Involves developing oneself or addressing areas needing attention to improve
• Oriented around oneself

Personality Development

• Systematic development of an organized pattern of thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and attitudes
• Contributes to making a person unique or distinct
• Deals with how an individual wants to be perceived by others

Areas of Development

• Health: Focuses on the body
• Finances: Involves managing personal finances
• Spirituality: Concerned with the human spirit, development of values and meanings

Sociability

• Tendency to enjoy being in the company of others

Habits

• Describes recurrent and often unconscious patterns of behavior

Knowing Thyself

• Involves self-examination and living according to one's beliefs and values

Self

• Refers to a person's essential being, with typical character, behavior, attributes, and abilities
• The above abilities are non-physical qualities which distinguishes individuals from others

Advantages of Knowing Oneself

• Helps in understanding oneself and relating to others
• Aids in understanding motivations for good and resisting bad temptations

Results of Self-Awareness

• Understanding one's life story improves Self-Awareness
• The life story has three layers:
• The basic character is made up of traits through genetics and environment, values and goals
• The story is known about cognitive script

Self-Reflection

• Involves reflective journaling to enhance self-understanding
• Commit, plan out what works and focus on self-reflection at the same time daily to be beneficial

Seeking Honest Feedback

Steps to consider in seeking:

• Accept that it is not a quick fix (develop a trusting relationship with the one you're asking for feedback.)
• Listen up and engage in active listening and maintain eye contact

Determinants of Personality

Biological Factors

• Include hereditary factors, physical appearance, physique, and maturation rate
• Affect the function and behavior of living organisms

Cultural Determinants

• Personality is influenced by cultural factors encountered early
  • This includes conditioning and norms from family, friends, and social groups

Family Influences

• Social learning happens at home
• Early experiences with family shape attitudes

Nature vs Nurture

• Nature refers to heredity or genetic makeup
• Nurture refers to the environment

Big Five Factors Personality Test

• Developed in the 1970s by Paul Costa, Robert R. McCrae, Warren Norman & Lewis Goldberg

Five Factors

• Openness: Being appreciative of varied and new experiences
• Conscientiousness: Tendency to control impulses, competence, sense of responsibility, orderliness, and achievement
• Extraversion: Being chatty, friendly, and drawing energy from crowds
• Agreeableness: Tendency to be cooperative and compassionate toward others; warmth and kindness
• Neuroticism: Tendency to be prone to psychological stress and unpleasant emotions easily; emotional stability and impulse

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

• Helps in self-understanding
• Helps one get along better with others

Personality Categories

• Categories are based on the work of Carl Jung
• Focuses on how people gather information, make decisions, and channel energy
• Sensation vs. intuition: Gathering information through concrete details or emotions
• Thinking vs. feeling: Making decisions based on logic or following one's heart
• Extraversion vs. introversion: Channeling energy when dealing with people

Approaches to Personality Assessment

Interview

• Has verbal and nonverbal components
• Aims to gather information, with data adequacy depending on the questions asked

Self-Report Tests

• Includes questions that may describe certain qualities

Projective Techniques

• Aims to uncover hidden emotions through ambiguous stimuli
• Meaningful descriptions and classifications may be obtained

Associative Techniques

• Involves reacting to words, inkblots, or stimuli with initial thoughts

Construction Techniques

• Involves creating something, like a story or drawing

Completion Techniques

• Involves finishing a partially developed stimulus, such as adding words to incomplete sentences

Choice or Ordering Techniques

• Involves selecting from choices or arranging stimuli in a sequence, like pictures or inkblots

Expressive Techniques

• Involves free expression, such as finger painting

Behavioral Assessment

• Involves objective observation of behavior

Bodily Assessment

• Bodily responses may reveal a person's feelings and motivations

Holistic Personal Development

• Involves the development in all areas Physical progress to controlling one's body, being aware, health state and starting to work on it Spiritual process of evolving one's spirit/soul Mental concerns the mind, involves the thinking process
• It includes everything one is unaware of

Emotional

• Complex process started in infancy and continues into adulthood

Social

• Process by which interaction with those around you is learnt

Sigmund Freud's Theory of Personality

• Sigmund Freud proposed a method for mental illness and a theory explaining human behavior
• Criticisms include perceived sexism and focus on sexuality

Id

• Most primitive structure, present at birth
• Freud believed that the id is the egocentric center of the human universe

Ego

• Modified by direct external influence
• Psychic functions such as judgement, tolerance, reality testing, control, planning, defense, synthesis of information, intellectual functioning, and memory

Superego

• Personality component of internalized ideals acquired from parents and society
• Functions on a conscious level, screening what's going on
• Focuses on social rules and morals, like a "conscience"

Freud's Psychosexual Theory of Personal Development

• Explained how conflicts between the Id, Ego & Superego changed as a person develops from child to adult

Freud's Stages of Psychosocial Development

Oral (birth to 1 year)

• Primary interaction source is in the mouth
• Activities such as tasting and sucking are key

Anal (1 to 3 years)

• Bowel movements must be controlled
• Toilet training is the conflict to overcom

Phallic (3 to 6 years)

• Genitals are main focus
• Oedipus wanting to possess the mother and desire to replace the father
• Castration is done becaus eof fear that he will be punished by the father

Latent (6 to puberty)

• Exploration where social enery is represse
• This is impotant for social communication/skills

Genital (puberty to death)

• Libido becomes active again
• Indivudal develops strong sexual interest

Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development

A psychosocial theory that consists that have 8 stages from infancy to adulthood The person experiements a psychosocial crisis that can have a negative or positive outcome

Ericksons's Stages

• Infant/Trust vs Hope
• 18months-3 years/ Autonomy vs Will
• 3-5/Initiative vs Purpose
• 5-13/Industry vs Competency
• 13/21/Identity vs Fidelity
• 21/39/Intimacy vs Love
• 40/65/Generativity vs Wisdom
• 65+/Integrity vs Despair

Identity Stage

is happens with identity vs confusion

Self Concept

• One's Self is made of the others response

Self Identity

• Comprised of looks personality

Environment

• Shapes our unconciously

Self Esteem

• Value or Worth

Relationship

• Vital in devloopment

Identity

• the LGBTQ+ community

Adolescence

• Growing up

Develepomental Task

• task that arises at a time

Skills and takss

• learning to love
• accept physical health
• make a decision on marriage
• prepare
• become socially resposinble

Adolescence

• comformaty to peers
• body shappes

Development

• moving from childhood with changes and responsibilties
• adolescence of teenager