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What is one of the primary purposes of offering a bedpan to a bedridden patient?
Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of personal hygiene as described?
What should be included when identifying factors influencing personal hygiene?
Which type of bath is NOT mentioned as part of the types of baths listed?
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What is a crucial component of a nurse-patient relationship during hygienic care?
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What key guideline should be followed when bathing adult patients?
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Which of the following is an incorrect description of micturating?
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What is a primary benefit of hygiene in healthcare environments?
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What is the medical term for painful urination?
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Which of the following is a common reason that may affect urinary elimination?
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What is the primary responsibility when using a bedpan?
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What is defined as frequent urination at night?
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Which of the following describes hematuria?
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What should a caregiver do to assist a patient during urination?
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What is the normal urine output per hour for a healthy individual?
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Which type of urinary receptacle is specifically designed for male patients?
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What is tartar primarily composed of?
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Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the tongue?
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What does proper tooth brushing technique emphasize regarding the angle between teeth and gums?
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Which oral health problem involves the accumulation of foul matter on gums and teeth?
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What is one of the primary purposes of bathing?
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What condition is indicated by cracking of the lips?
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What is a characteristic of skin that impacts its ability to protect underlying tissues?
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What can excessive moisture on the skin lead to?
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Which of the following is NOT a primary significance of massage?
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What type of massage involves brisk and vigorous tapping movements?
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Which factor significantly influences a patient's hygiene practices?
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In providing a bath, which guideline is essential for promoting safety?
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Which massage technique uses a focused, deep circular motion primarily with the thumbs or fingertips?
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What is one of the primary purposes of a therapeutic bath?
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What temperature range is recommended for therapeutic baths for adults?
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Which therapeutic bath solution is known for its moisturizing properties?
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What is the suggested duration for a therapeutic bath?
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What type of therapeutic bath is used specifically to decrease inflammation in the perineal area?
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Which of the following bath solutions is suitable for children with eczema?
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What is the purpose of a tepid sponge bath?
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In what type of therapeutic bath does the client typically remain in a tub 1/3 or 2/3 full?
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Study Notes
Personal Hygiene
- Personal hygiene involves caring for the skin, feet, nails, oral & nasal cavities, teeth, hair, eyes, ears, & perineal-genital areas.
- Hygiene is a personal matter, determined by individual values and practices.
Offering a Bedpan
- Offering a bedpan helps bedridden patients with elimination.
- Bedpans are used for bowel and bladder elimination and can be used to:
- Collect specimens
- Give perineal washes
- Perform bowel and bladder training
- Obtain accurate urine output measurements
- Provide perineal care
- Factors that can affect elimination include lack of privacy, lack of physical movement, position, medications, and the use of a bedpan.
Bedpan and Urinal Anatomy and Terminology
- Incontinence: Inability to control urine or feces
- Void/Micturate: To urinate
- Dysuria: Painful urination/difficult urination
- Urinary Frequency: Voiding at frequent intervals
- Urinary Urgency: The need to void immediately
- Hematuria: Blood in the urine
- Nocturia: Frequent urination at night
- Polyuria: Large amounts of urine
- Normal urine output per hour is 30ml/hr.
Nursing Responsibilities for Bedpan use
- Keep the bedpan clean.
- Warm the bedpan before use.
- Provide privacy for the patient.
- Discard waste immediately after use.
Promoting Urinary Elimination
- Do not withhold fluids.
- Follow the patient's routine.
- Assist the patient to the bathroom as needed.
- Provide a bedpan or urinal if needed.
- Assist the patient with assuming a normal voiding position.
- Provide privacy while voiding.
- Allow the patient adequate time to void.
- Running water can assist in initiating urination.
- Provide perineal care as needed.
- Allow the patient to wash their hands after toileting.
- Encourage independence in toileting.
- Provide assistive equipment such as crutches, walkers, or canes if required.
Home Care Equipment
- Bedpan: A shallow vessel used for urination or defecation by a bedridden patient.
- Urinal: A receptacle for urine.
- Bedside Commode: A chair with a built-in toilet, commonly used for patients who are unable to get to the bathroom.
Types of Bedpans
- Regular Bedpan: Used by women for both urination and bowel movement.
- Fracture Pan: More comfortable for the user, holds less urine, and can be easily spilled. Used by men for bowel movements.
- Male Urinal: Used for urination by male patients. Has a handle for grip and a lid for covering the top.
- Bedpan and Urinal Rack: Holds the bedpan and urinal for easy access.
Oral Care
- Tartar: Hard deposit of plaque and bacteria that forms at the gum line.
- Glossitis: Inflammation of the tongue.
- Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums.
- Stomatitis: Inflammation of the oral mucosa/small ulcers covered by exudates.
- Parotitis: Inflammation of the salivary glands (mumps).
- Sordes: Foul matter that accumulates on gums and teeth, often a brown/black crust associated with dehydration and chronic debilitating diseases.
- Cheiliosis: Cracking of the lips.
Importance of Oral Care
- Provides a sense of well-being.
- Prevents the onset of various infections.
- Maintains good oral hygiene.
- Prevents bad breath.
Bathing
- Shower: Requires minimal assistance from the nurse for ambulatory patients.
- Therapeutic Bath: Ordered by a physician for specific physical effects, such as soothing irritated skin or treating a specific area. Medications may be added to the water. Generally taken in a tub filled with lukewarm water, and the client remains immersed for 20-30 minutes.
- Adult Bath Temperature: 37.7-46 degrees Celsius.
- Infant/Child Bath Temperature: 37-38 degrees Celsius.
Purposes of Bathing
- Cleanses the skin.
- Removes transient microorganisms and body secretions.
- Stimulates circulation.
- Promotes a sense of well-being and improves self-image.
- Reduces body odors.
- Promotes range of motion.
- Produces relaxation and comfort.
General Guidelines for Skin Care
- Intact, healthy skin serves as the body's first line of defense.
- Skin sensitivity to irritation and injury varies among individuals.
- Moisture on the skin for extended periods can result in increased bacterial growth and irritation.
- Body odors are caused by bacteria interacting with body secretions.
Bathing Solutions
- Colloidal Oatmeal: Soothes and stops itching.
- Potassium Permanganate: A disinfectant.
- Bath Oils: Emollient to ease itchy skin and eczema.
- Cornstarch: Soothing and drying for itchy skin.
- Sodium Bicarbonate: Cooling for sunburn and other hot, dry skin conditions.
- Saline (Salt) Water Baths: Treat eczema in children.
- Chlorine Bleach: Used for children who develop recurrent skin infections with eczema.
Types of Therapeutic Baths
- Hydrotherapy Hot Bath: Relieves arthritis pain, muscle soreness, and muscle spasms.
- Medicated Soak Bath: For kidney disease or kidney failure.
- Cool Water Tub Bath: Relieves tension, lowers body temperature. Not recommended for infants.
- Hot Sitz Bath: Decreases inflammation of the perineal and anal area for patients post-rectal or vaginal surgery, childbirth, or hemorrhoids.
- Tepid Sponge Bath: Administered to reduce an elevated body temperature.
Therapeutic Massage
- Application of pressure and motion by the hands to the skin.
- Includes kneading, rubbing, and friction.
- Used to enhance relaxation before sleep, stimulate circulation and skin, and improve well-being.
Significance of Massage
- General body conditioning.
- Stimulation and relaxation.
- Improves Circulation.
- Communication through touch.
- Improves muscle tone.
- Allows for observation of skin breakdown signs.
Types of Massage
- Effleurage: Stroking, gliding, smooth long rhythmic strokes.
- Petrissage: Pressing, squeezing, kneading, and rolling movements, often using both hands.
- Tapotement: Brisk, vigorous, rhythmic, percussive, tapping movements.
- Friction: Deep circular motion using thumb pads, fingertips, and the heel of the hand.
- Vibration: Very fine, rapid shaking motion using the entire hand.
Factors Influencing Personal Hygiene
- Health Beliefs and Motivation: Motivation is key to hygiene. Beliefs about the importance of personal hygiene.
- Cultural Variables: Consider cultural practices and beliefs about hygiene.
- Developmental Stage: Hygiene practices change with age and development.
- Physical Condition: A person's physical limitations can affect their ability to perform self-care.
Bathing Guidelines
- Provide privacy: Ensure patient's privacy during bathing.
- Maintain safety: Implement safety measures.
- Maintain warmth Keep the patient warm throughout the bath.
- Promote independence: Encourage the patient to be as independent as possible.
- Anticipate needs: Be prepared to meet the patient's needs.
- Communicate clearly with team members.
- Incorporate the patient’s priorities.
- Move from cleanest to less clean areas.
- Use clean gloves for contact with non-intact skin, mucous membranes, secretions, excretions, or blood.
- Test water temperature.
- Employ body mechanics principles and safe patient handling.
- Be mindful of patient privacy.
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Description
This quiz covers essential topics in personal hygiene, including skin, dental, and personal care. It also explores the anatomy and terminology related to bedpans and urinals, focusing on their use for bedridden patients and factors affecting elimination. Understanding these concepts is crucial for effective patient care.
