Questions and Answers
What percentage is assigned to Cost of Goods Sold using vertical analysis?
What percentage is assigned to Net Income using vertical analysis?
What is the firm's current ratio?
What is the firm's quick ratio?
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What is the firm's days sales outstanding?
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What is the firm's total assets turnover?
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What is the firm's inventory turnover ratio?
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What is the firm's times interest earned (TIE)?
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Which of the following best exemplifies a political factor that can influence business operations?
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Which activities are included in cash from financing activities?
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What economic factor could directly lead to a company laying off employees?
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What does the statement of financial position primarily provide an overview of?
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What is the role of financial statement footnotes?
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Which of the following factors is considered a social factor affecting business decisions?
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Which of the following is classified as a liquid asset?
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What type of factor is characterized by advancements in automation and cybersecurity?
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Which of the following is classified as an investing activity?
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What does horizontal analysis evaluate?
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What are prepaid expenses recorded as on the balance sheet?
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Which scenario illustrates a political factor impacting a multinational company?
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Which activity is NOT included in cash from operations?
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Which economic factor is most likely to affect consumer spending power?
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Which type of asset includes finished goods ready for sale?
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What does accounts payable refer to?
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Intracompany analysis compares which of the following?
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Post-pandemic, what social change has organizations had to adapt to regarding work arrangements?
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In what way can technological factors provide a competitive advantage to a business?
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What category does property, plant, and equipment (PPE) fall under?
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What is an example of a financing activity?
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How are investments classified in the statement of financial position?
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Which of these would be classified strictly as an investing activity rather than an operating or financing activity?
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Which of the following is NOT considered an intangible asset?
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Which of the following contributes to environmental factors affecting businesses?
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What is a legal factor that can directly impact how a business operates?
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Which of the following is not classified as an environmental factor?
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How might businesses respond to increasing consumer concern about sustainability?
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Which legal factor requires businesses to ensure the protection of their unique inventions and brands?
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Study Notes
Key Components of Financial Statements
- Statement of Financial Position: Provides a snapshot of a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific date, usually the end of an annual reporting period.
- Statement of Comprehensive Income: Reports overall income including net income and other comprehensive income.
- Statement of Changes in Equity: Illustrates changes in ownership interest, including retained earnings and other adjustments.
- Statement of Cash Flows: Details cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities.
- Notes to Financial Statements: Offer supplementary information that clarifies items within the financial statements.
Assets
- Cash and Cash Equivalents: Liquid assets like Treasury bills and CDs.
- Accounts Receivable: Money owed by customers for products/services sold.
- Inventory: Goods available for sale, including finished goods, work in progress, and raw materials.
- Prepaid Expenses: Advance payments for future expenses, recorded as assets until benefits are realized.
- Property, Plant, and Equipment (PPE): Long-term assets such as buildings and machinery not meant for resale.
- Investments: Assets held for potential future growth, not actively used in operations.
- Intangible Assets: Non-physical assets such as trademarks, patents, and goodwill.
Liabilities
- Accounts Payable: Bills due for operational costs including utilities and raw materials.
- Cash from Operations: Changes in working capital accounts affecting cash flow, including accounts receivable and payable.
Investing Activities
- Involves cash transactions for investment in long-term assets like PPE, acquisitions, or changes in investments.
Financing Activities
- Includes cash flows related to capital raising and settling debts, such as issuing debt/equity, repurchasing stock, and paying dividends.
Financial Statement Analysis
- Horizontal Analysis: Evaluates financial items over time by calculating percentage changes.
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Vertical Analysis: Analyzes financial statements by expressing relationships as percentages of a total.
- Example: In an income statement, COGS or net income expressed as a percentage of sales.
Solvency Ratios
- Times Interest Earned (TIE): Measures earnings relative to interest expense to assess coverage ability.
- Debt-Equity Ratio: Indicates the ratio of total liabilities to equity, signifying leverage.
- Debt Ratio: Proportion of total liabilities to total assets, reflecting financial risk.
- Equity Ratio: Proportion of total equity to total assets, indicating owner financing.
Personal Financial Analysis Sample Questions
- Example questions for financial analysis testing knowledge on key ratios like current ratio, quick ratio, and inventory turnover, promoting skills in vertical analysis and solvency ratios.
External Factors Influencing Business
- Political Factors: Affect businesses through government policies such as taxation and regulation.
- Economic Factors: Include interest rates, employment rates, inflation, impacting business operations and decisions.
- Social Factors: Relate to demographic shifts and lifestyle trends impacting consumer behavior and business practices.
- Technological Factors: Include advancements in technology that can disrupt traditional business models and necessitate innovation.
- Environmental Factors: Address the effects of climate change, pollution, and sustainability on business practices.
- Legal Factors: Encompass regulations affecting industries and businesses, including compliance with laws and protection of intellectual property.
Examples of Factors in Action
- Decisions influenced by regulatory changes, market forces, technological advancements, and societal shifts, affecting both business strategies and consumer preferences.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key components of financial statements, including the statement of financial position, comprehensive income, and cash flows. This quiz will help you establish a solid financial foundation for personal finance management.
