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Questions and Answers
What is the normal range of overjet measured in millimeters?
What is the normal range of overjet measured in millimeters?
How is overbite typically measured?
How is overbite typically measured?
What characterizes an underbite condition?
What characterizes an underbite condition?
What is the normal range of vertical overlap for overbite?
What is the normal range of vertical overlap for overbite?
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What effect can malocclusions have on oral health?
What effect can malocclusions have on oral health?
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What is meant by passive eruption?
What is meant by passive eruption?
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What can open contacts between adjacent teeth lead to?
What can open contacts between adjacent teeth lead to?
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What is the typical prevalence rate of malocclusions among teenagers?
What is the typical prevalence rate of malocclusions among teenagers?
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What is the primary difference between embedded and impacted teeth?
What is the primary difference between embedded and impacted teeth?
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Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with delayed eruption of teeth?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with delayed eruption of teeth?
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What characterizes an eruption cyst?
What characterizes an eruption cyst?
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What can cause abnormal exfoliation of primary teeth?
What can cause abnormal exfoliation of primary teeth?
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Which teeth are most frequently impacted according to dental concerns?
Which teeth are most frequently impacted according to dental concerns?
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What type of cyst develops from the reduced enamel epithelium after a tooth crown has matured?
What type of cyst develops from the reduced enamel epithelium after a tooth crown has matured?
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What occurs when teeth do not occlude properly?
What occurs when teeth do not occlude properly?
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Which of the following factors is NOT listed as a cause for embedded teeth?
Which of the following factors is NOT listed as a cause for embedded teeth?
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What can influence the development of malocclusion?
What can influence the development of malocclusion?
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What does centric occlusion allow for in dental occlusion?
What does centric occlusion allow for in dental occlusion?
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What can happen if a tooth is lost for an extended period?
What can happen if a tooth is lost for an extended period?
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Which of the following describes a possible effect of occlusal trauma?
Which of the following describes a possible effect of occlusal trauma?
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Which term refers to the horizontal overlap of the maxillary and mandibular arches?
Which term refers to the horizontal overlap of the maxillary and mandibular arches?
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What type of dental anomalies can contribute to malocclusion?
What type of dental anomalies can contribute to malocclusion?
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What role do habitual behaviors like prolonged thumb-sucking play in dental health?
What role do habitual behaviors like prolonged thumb-sucking play in dental health?
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What is the main goal of controlling parafunctional habits during dental treatment?
What is the main goal of controlling parafunctional habits during dental treatment?
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Study Notes
Permanent Tooth Eruption
- Permanent teeth, also known as succedaneous teeth, erupt behind the roots of the primary teeth.
- An exception is the maxillary incisors, which erupt more forward.
- The eruption process for a permanent tooth is similar to that of a primary tooth.
Eruption Process for Permanent Tooth
- During eruption, the reduced enamel epithelium (REE) fuses with oral epithelium.
- This tissue degenerates, leaving an epithelial-lined eruption tunnel.
Primary Tooth Eruption Timeline
- Central incisors erupt 6-12 months.
- Lateral incisors erupt 9–16 months.
- Canines (Cuspids) erupt 16-23 months.
- First molars erupt 12–18 months.
- Second molars erupt 24–30 months.
- Most children possess all 20 primary teeth by age 3.
- Primary teeth typically begin to shed around age 6.
Permanent Tooth Eruption Timeline
- First Molars: 6–7 years
- Central Incisors: 6–8 years
- Lateral Incisors: 7–9 years
- Canines: 9–12 years
- Premolars: First Premolars: 10–11 years, Second Premolars: 11–12 years.
- Second Molars: 11–13 years
- Third Molars (Wisdom Teeth): 17-21 years
- Most permanent teeth have fully erupted by the early 20s.
Disturbances During Tooth Eruption
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Premature eruption:
- Natal teeth: primary teeth erupting at birth.
- Neonatal teeth: teeth erupting in the first 30 days of life.
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Delayed eruption:
- Potential causes include systemic conditions, genetics, poor nutrition, hormonal disorders, Down syndrome, chemotherapy, prematurity, low birth weight, and tobacco smoke.
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Multiple unerupted teeth:
- A rare condition where permanent or deciduous teeth fail to erupt.
- Potential causes include obstruction from primary teeth or bone surrounding the unerupted tooth.
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Embedded or impacted teeth:
- Unerupted teeth due to a lack of eruptive force.
- Impacted teeth are prevented from erupting by other teeth.
- Crowding, premature loss of primary teeth, or tooth rotation during eruption can all impact this.
- Third molars and maxillary cuspids are most commonly impacted.
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Dentigerous Cyst (Follicular Cyst):
- Develops from the reduced enamel epithelium (REE) after the crown formation and maturation.
- Fluid accumulation above an unerupted tooth creates a cyst.
Abnormal Exfoliation (Loss) of Primary Teeth
- Abnormal shedding or loss of primary teeth.
- Potential causes include dental anomalies (e.g., enamel hypoplasia), trauma, and untreated dental disease.
- Genetic disorders can also contribute to the problem.
Abnormal Occlusion (Malocclusion)
- Occlusion is the relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth when the jaws are fully closed.
- Unnatural occlusal stress can lead to disharmony, and impact the functions for which the teeth were designed.
- Causes include genetic factors (running in families), early tooth loss, and various habits (thumb-sucking).
- Further causes also include differences in jaw size, crowding/spacing of teeth, impact teeth, abnormal tooth eruption paths, and the loss of a tooth.
Centric Occlusion (CO)
- The voluntary position of the teeth that allows for maximum contact.
- Each tooth contacts two opposing teeth except for the mandibular central incisors and maxillary third molars.
Tooth Loss and Centric Occlusion
- The loss of a tooth for a prolonged period often leads to the tipping of neighbouring teeth, misalignment and supereruption of the opposing tooth, which affects the entire dentition.
Angles Classification of Malocclusion
- Classifies malocclusion based on the relationship of the maxillary and mandibular arches.
Normal Overjet
- The maxillary arch horizontally overlaps the mandibular arch in centric occlusion by 1-3 mm.
Overjet
- The distance between the incisal edges of the maxillary and mandibular incisors measured perpendicular to the occlusal surfaces.
- The measurement is generally taken after the patient has been placed in centric occlusion using a periodontal probe.
Normal Overbite
- The maxillary arch vertically overlaps the mandibular arch in centric occlusion, which is measured in millimeters using a periodontal probe placed perpendicular to the edge of the maxillary incisor and the mandibular incisor.
Healthy vs Unhealthy Overbite
- A normal amount of vertical overlap between the two arches, 2-5mm between the anterior segment of the two arches, allows for contact between the posterior teeth when chewing.
- Excessive overjet or overbite are clinically classified as malocclusions.
Underbite
- The mandibular arch extends forward beyond the maxillary arch.
Contacts
- Teeth on the same arch create contacts on their proximal surfaces.
- The last tooth in each arch lacks distal contact.
- Contacts protect interdental papillae and stabilize teeth within the arch.
- Open contacts can cause food impaction and trauma to the interdental gingiva.
Passive Eruption
- The gradual recession of the gingiva and underlying alveolar bone during eruption.
- The tooth itself does not move, but the surrounding soft tissues shrink.
Post-eruptive Occlusion - PDL Health
- Poor home care can result from poor occlusion.
- The appearance is negatively impacted.
- Most malocclusions are treatable.
- Crowding and overjet are common issues in teenagers and can be treated.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the process and timeline of permanent tooth eruption. This quiz covers the distinctions between permanent and primary teeth, as well as the eruption timeline for both types. Understand the key stages in dental development.
