Peripartum Events and Growth Assessment

<p>Appropriate Gestational Age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrauterine Growth Restriction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infant's eye color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight, length, and OFC are all ≤ 10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical data, including physical exam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A problem late in pregnancy such as pregnancy-induced hypertension or placental insufficiency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug or alcohol use during pregnancy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have increased morbidity and mortality rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglycemia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypocalcemia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A better outlook for normal growth and development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Birth trauma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anticipation of some neonatal issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify any abnormalities or difficulties the infant is experiencing in transitioning to life outside of the womb. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observation, then auscultation of the chest, then palpation of the abdomen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examination of the eyes, ears, throat, and hips. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>120 to 160 beats/min. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30 to 60 breaths/min. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50 to 70 mm Hg. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Premature atrial contractions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membranes and vessels, as well as placental infarcts or clots. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between 1 and 4 cm in any direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third fontanelle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Craniosynostosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crying (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Layering of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ophthalmologic evaluation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can cause respiratory distress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By observing the fog on a cold surface held under the nose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A possible central nervous system disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14 weeks' gestation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abduction with extension of the arms then adduction with flexion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting mother--infant bonding, establishing feeding, and teaching newborn care. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythromycin ointment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To check for a risk of jaundice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confirm the result with laboratory testing and treat it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3--6 hours of age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prior to discharge, ideally after 24-48 hours of age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the first test was not done too early, which may cause a false negative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory Distress Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Below 45 mg/dL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 minutes per side (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hand express or pump a few drops of milk to soften the nipple (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatty acid oxidation defects and amino or organic acid disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duration of ruptured membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurologic development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Access to obstetric care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symmetrical small for gestational age (SGA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disproportionate reduction in weight compared to length and OFC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Published international standards for weight and gestational age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identification of major congenital anomalies and birth trauma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide physical and neurological data for estimating gestational maturity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A screening tool that requires confirmation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The severity of perinatal depression and response to resuscitation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate cardiac output. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LGA infants or those born after a protracted second stage of labor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Associated congenital defects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small placenta. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Especially in multiple gestations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify placental abruption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may indicate an underlying condition and warrants further investigation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A unilateral blunted red reflex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their mouth anatomy is not fully developed for efficient breathing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facial nerve palsy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A layering of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal fogging of a cold surface placed under each nare. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a normal finding secondary to the birthing process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glaucoma, cataract, or retinoblastoma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 'clunk' felt when abducting the legs after attempting to dislocate the femur posteriorly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver and spleen can often be easily felt. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A whitish vaginal discharge with or without blood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both the patency and location of the anus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Webbing of digits or extra digits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic limitation of movement in utero resulting from lack of amniotic fluid or congenital neuromuscular disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both hearing and smell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20/400 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central nervous system (CNS) disease or systemic illness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Develops by 28 weeks' gestation; disappears by 4 months of age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify infants with structural heart disease needing intervention within the first year. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abduction at the shoulder and extension at the elbow with spreading of the fingers, followed by adduction with flexion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the second day of life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Application of erythromycin ointment within 1 hour of birth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within 4 hours of birth to prevent hemorrhagic disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supine position. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 2-5 hours. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Before 12 hours of age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess the risk for development of jaundice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being alert and vigorous with no abdominal dissension and good bowel sounds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If there are no contraindications and follow up within 48 hours is ensured. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confirm the value with a laboratory blood glucose test and start treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jaundice at 24 hours or less. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants whose mothers received no or inadequate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for GBS or cefazolin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Events surrounding childbirth that affect mother and infant such as duration of ruptured membranes and fetal distress.

The age of the fetus or newborn, usually determined by the last menstrual period or early ultrasound.

A scoring system assessing physical and neuromuscular signs to estimate gestational age in newborns.

Infants whose birth weight is within the normal range for their gestational age.

Infants whose birth weight is below the normal range for their gestational age, also called intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Infants whose birth weight is above the normal range for their gestational age.

A growth issue where weight, length, and OFC are all ≤ 10% for gestational age.

A growth issue where only weight is ≤ 10%, while length and OFC remain normal.

A problem occurring late in pregnancy, often due to hypertension or placental insufficiency.

Occurs due to issues in early pregnancy, such as chromosomal abnormalities or substance use.

Small for gestational age infants, at higher risk of complications compared to AGA infants.

Appropriate for gestational age infants, considered healthier than SGA infants.

Large for gestational age infants face potential issues like birth trauma and hypoglycemia.

Infants of diabetic mothers are at risk for hypoglycemia and congenital anomalies.

SGA infants may suffer fetal distress during labor and delivery, among other complications.

Understanding birth weight relative to gestational age helps anticipate neonatal problems.

The anterior fontanelle varies from 1 to 4 cm in any direction.

The posterior fontanelle should be less than 1 cm.

Prematurely fused suture causing abnormal cranial shape.

Asymmetric grimace during crying due to facial muscle weakness.

Frequent result of birth trauma affecting the eyes.

Speckling in the iris indicative of trisomy 21.

Congenital nasal obstruction causing respiratory distress.

Normal finding in eye examination indicating healthy retinas.

To identify abnormalities and evaluate transition difficulties.

Start with observation, then auscultation, followed by palpation.

Eyes, ears, throat, and hips examination should be last.

Heart rate should range from 120 to 160 beats/min.

Respiratory rate should be 30 to 60 breaths/min.

Ranges from 50 to 70 mm Hg, increases in the first week.

Usually caused by benign premature atrial contractions.

Examiner should have warm hands and a gentle demeanor.

Newborn's response of sucking when a nipple is placed in the mouth; evident by 14 weeks gestation.

Newborn's ability to grasp an examiner's finger; appears by 28 weeks gestation, disappears by 4 months of age.

Startle reflex seen when the infant’s head drops suddenly; arms will extend and then retract; develops by 28 weeks gestation, disappears by 3 months.

Care focused on promoting bonding, feeding, and teaching basic newborn care; includes monitoring for illness signs.

Watch for temperature instability, refusal to feed, pallor, and other critical warnings in infants.

Erythromycin ointment applied to newborns' eyes within 1 hour of birth to prevent gonococcal ophthalmia.

1 mg of Vitamin K given to newborns within 4 hours to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

Newborns receive hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG if mother's HBsAg status is positive or unknown, within specified time frames.

Hematocrit should be measured at 3-6 hours in infants at risk of anemia or polycythemia.

State-sponsored screenings for inborn errors of metabolism are done before discharge, ideally after 24-48 hours.

A repeat PKU test is required at 8-14 days if first test is before 48 hours to avoid false negatives.

Glucose testing should be done in infants at risk for hypoglycemia; values below 45 mg/dL need confirmation.

Expect some nipple tenderness while nursing; consider expressing milk if too firm.

Many states include expanded screens for other metabolic disorders like fatty acid oxidation defects and amino disorders.

Aim for 10 minutes of nursing on each breast per feeding for the infant.

Infants at risk for hypoglycemia include IDM, preterm, SGA, LGA, or stressed infants.

The length of time since the amniotic sac has broken before delivery, important for assessing risk factors.

Elevated maternal temperature during labor can indicate infection or complications that may affect both mother and infant.

Amniotic fluid that is stained with meconium, indicating potential fetal distress and risk of aspiration.

A scoring system used to assess fetal maturity based on physical and neuromuscular examination of newborns.

Categorizes infant's birth weight as AGA, SGA, or LGA based on gestational age, indicating growth status.

Symmetrical means all growth measurements are ≤ 10%, while asymmetrical means only weight is ≤ 10%.

Evaluation of infant's physical and neurologic characteristics can help predict growth problems and health issues.

Variables like gender, maternal nutrition, and access to care impact the expected birth weight for gestational age.

A physical check of the newborn's health at birth.

A system to evaluate newborn health at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.

Birth defects that occur in approximately 1.5% of live births.

Skin color can suggest the infant's cardiac health.

Evaluating cord vessels to identify potential anomalies.

Assessing size and condition of the placenta at birth.

Cyanosis and pallor signal poor blood circulation in newborns.

Infants experience stress during delivery affecting examination.

A high-pitched cry may indicate CNS issues or disease.

Common anomalies include absence of a bone, clubfoot, and extra digits.

Test by pushing femur posteriorly and abducting legs to locate a clunk.

Standard practice to identify heart defects in newborns early.

Newborn reflexes like rooting and sucking are vital for survival.

At birth, visual acuity is poor (20/400) but improves by 6 months.

A test used to measure blood oxygen levels in newborns during screening.

Newborns should be positioned supine to minimize SIDS risk.

Signs include alertness, no abdominal distention, good bowel sounds, normal hunger cry.

Newborns may discharge 24-36 hours if no contraindications and follow-up is guaranteed.

Conditions preventing early discharge include jaundice ≤ 24 hours and infection risk.

Infants with inadequate maternal GBS prophylaxis should be observed for at least 48 hours.

Healthy full-term infants should be fed every 2-5 hours on demand.