Perioperative Nursing Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a significant risk factor for fire in the operating room?

Patient's blood type

Surgeon's experience level

Alcohol based skin preps (correct)

Duration of the surgery

Why are instrument and material counts performed during surgery?

To ensure no foreign objects are left inside the patient (correct)

To avoid complications with anesthesia

To minimize fire hazards

To ensure the equipment stays sterilized

Which type of anesthesia involves numbing agents applied to a specific area?

Local Anesthesia (correct)

Nerve Blocks

Epidural Anesthesia

Spinal Anesthesia

What additional risks do older adults face during surgery?

Decreased cardiac and pulmonary reserve (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential reaction to anesthesia during surgery?

Injury to the mouth or throat during intubation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What safety precaution is necessary for patients allergic to latex?

Using alternative gloves (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anesthesia is specifically used for pain management in a certain body region, such as an arm or leg?

Nerve Blocks (B) Signup and view all the answers

During surgery, what effect can significant volume loss have on patients?

Blood pressure drops (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about patients with cancer or chronic pain?

They may be misjudged as drug-seeking. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is recommended for addressing noncompliance in patients?

Understand the root causes of noncompliance. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a patient claims their medication is ineffective?

Assess their medical history and vital signs. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did many patients with substance use disorders become dependent on pain medications?

They received prescriptions for pain management. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare professionals do to support patients holistically?

Explore long-term solutions for continuity of care. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important principle to follow when providing care to patients?

Ensure judgment-free and respectful care. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does patient education play in pain management?

It involves teaching nonpharmacological pain management techniques. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for having suction equipment at the bedside during recovery?

To manage airway obstruction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is associated with intubation that requires monitoring?

Trauma to the trachea (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common medication used to manage postoperative nausea?

Ondansetron (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the postoperative assessment in the PACU?

Assessing the patient's ability to walk (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk for patients who have been extubated?

Increased risk of aspiration (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by both clotting and bleeding?

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of spinal anesthesia?

Headaches (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial consideration for patient positioning during surgery to prevent complications?

Avoiding nerve damage (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which vital sign is particularly important to monitor closely postoperatively?

Blood pressure fluctuations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized in the recovery of patients who received anesthesia?

Monitoring the airway (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be regularly assessed beneath binders, dressings, or medical devices?

Skin for pressure injuries (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates fluid retention that may worsen respiratory issues?

Changes in blood pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key measure to prevent pressure injuries during patient assessments?

Assess common sites for pressure ulcers (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is recommended to prevent clot formation?

Use sequential compression devices (D) Signup and view all the answers

How should a healthcare provider respond to wound dehiscence or evisceration?

Cover with a moist saline dressing and call the surgeon (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided to reduce the risk of falls in patients?

High bed positions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What action can promote bowel function in patients?

Increase fluid intake and early ambulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to document patient or caregiver competence in wound care?

To ensure safe wound management post-discharge (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare providers be attentive to for patients undergoing procedures related to chronic illnesses?

Offering emotional and psychological support (C) Signup and view all the answers

What must be ensured regarding oxygen delivery systems in patients?

They are functioning properly (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a patient's blood pressure drops to 70/40 after surgery?

Notify the physician about the change immediately. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for managing pain after surgery?

Encouraging immediate heavy lifting to distract from pain. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How should patients be instructed to manage their activity levels post-surgery?

Gradually increase activity to prevent physical setbacks. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if pain medications are ineffective for a patient?

Notify the physician if stronger medications are needed. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of teaching deep breathing exercises to surgical patients?

To encourage coughing and prevent respiratory complications. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Patients with chronic pain may require what adjustment to their pain management?

Higher doses due to increased tolerance over time. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should not be included in patient education about their wound post-surgery?

Details about compounding their wound care products. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk of staying in bed for too long after surgery?

It can result in significant physical setbacks and deconditioning. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should be arranged for patients requiring alternative teaching formats post-surgery?

Ensure accommodations such as interpreters or videos are available. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to treat patients with dignity and respect during recovery?

It fosters a better nurse-patient relationship and patient satisfaction. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Perioperative Lecture Transcription

This lecture discusses potential adverse effects of anesthesia, preoperative nursing measures to decrease complications, discharge criteria, and evaluation of those interventions.
Paralytic agents can affect breathing and cause pain.
Preoperative phase begins when a patient decides on surgery and includes consent, medical history, and preoperative teaching (breathing exercises, spirometry, coughing).
Intraoperative phase starts when the patient is transferred to the OR bed; postoperative phase begins in the PACU and ends after follow-up care.
Discharge teaching is crucial for patient and family members, ensuring they understand follow-up care, drains, sutures, and other needed items.
Emergency surgeries require immediate lifesaving measures, potentially bypassing full consent procedures.
Preoperative work might include labs to identify risks.
Surgical procedures are categorized as diagnostic, curative, palliative, reconstructive, cosmetic, and emergent.
Geriatric patients frequently use laxatives that impact kidneys and livers; they are vulnerable, with decreased respiratory and cardiac reserves, and impaired renal and hepatic function.
Obese patients' metabolism, positioning, and postoperative recovery are affected.
Patients with disabilities may require accommodations like interpreters.
Always assess patients' risk vs. benefit before surgeries.

Special Populations

Geriatric patients are vulnerable due to decreased respiratory and cardiac reserves, impaired renal and hepatic function, reduced GI activity, and potential for multiple medications.
Obese patients have metabolism, positioning, and postoperative recovery challenges.
Patients with disabilities may need additional accommodations, such as interpreters.

Medical Terminology Review

Information may include different surgical procedures, and medical suffixes.
Examples include -ectomy, -otomy, -scopy, -plasty.

Preoperative Testing

CBC (Complete Blood Count) tests hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets.
PT/INR or PTT checks clotting ability, especially for patients on anticoagulants.

Discharge Planning and Postoperative Care

Discharge planning involves teaching patients to prevent complications (e.g., clot formation, wound care, drains, sutures) and includes follow-up care instructions.
Important information includes specific medications.
Patients should be taught how to use incentive spirometers.
Understanding medical information may be challenging for anxious patients; explain procedures in simpler terms.
Obtain signed consent from patients, including specific details about the procedure, surgeon, reason, benefits, risks, and alternatives.
Consent is not valid if the patient is under substances to reduce anxiety.

Risk Factors and Preoperative Assessment

Essential to collect complete medical and surgical history, allergies (including latex), medications, vitamins, supplements, implants or devices, piercings, and nutritional history to predict recovery.
Patients' habits (alcohol, drug use, smoking) affect recovery.
Previous treatments or issues (e.g., breathing difficulties, allergies, medications) must be documented for proper surgical care.

Additional Information

Skin preparations to minimize infection risks (e.g., clipping hair, antibiotic ointment).
Procedures need proper preoperative medications
Review discharge instructions including wound care, medications, and dietary guidelines.
Educate patients regarding potential complications; provide support and resources for safe transitions.
Ensure essential equipment (e.g., suction, oxygen, monitor) is readily available.
Nurses ensure patients' safety and comfort
Document assessment, interventions, and evaluations for quality nursing practice.
Recognize and address potential complications promptly for patients' safety.
Essential assessments for discharge include vital signs, alertness, and orientation, fluid balance, pain and cognitive status.
Accurate documentation and communication are crucial within the team as a whole.

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Description

This quiz covers the key aspects of perioperative nursing, including adverse effects of anesthesia, preoperative measures, and postoperative care. You'll learn about the different surgical phases and the importance of discharge teaching for patients and families. Test your knowledge on crucial concepts that help ensure patient safety and effective surgical outcomes.