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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of macrophages in the periodontal ligament?
What is the primary function of macrophages in the periodontal ligament?
Which of the following arteries is NOT involved in the vascular supply to the periodontal ligament?
Which of the following arteries is NOT involved in the vascular supply to the periodontal ligament?
How do the nerves of the periodontal ligament primarily arise?
How do the nerves of the periodontal ligament primarily arise?
What does the development of the periodontal ligament involve in relation to the dental sac?
What does the development of the periodontal ligament involve in relation to the dental sac?
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Which fiber group represents the functional arrangement formed during tooth eruption in the periodontal ligament?
Which fiber group represents the functional arrangement formed during tooth eruption in the periodontal ligament?
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What is one of the primary supportive functions of the periodontal ligament?
What is one of the primary supportive functions of the periodontal ligament?
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Which type of cell in the periodontal ligament is primarily responsible for synthesizing extracellular matrix components?
Which type of cell in the periodontal ligament is primarily responsible for synthesizing extracellular matrix components?
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What is the source of blood supply for the periodontal ligament?
What is the source of blood supply for the periodontal ligament?
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Which group of fibers in the periodontal ligament is known for its role in connecting adjacent teeth?
Which group of fibers in the periodontal ligament is known for its role in connecting adjacent teeth?
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What function do the sensory nerve endings in the periodontal ligament serve?
What function do the sensory nerve endings in the periodontal ligament serve?
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Which cellular element in the periodontal ligament is primarily involved in the resorption of the extracellular matrix?
Which cellular element in the periodontal ligament is primarily involved in the resorption of the extracellular matrix?
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Which type of connective tissue fiber is present in the periodontal ligament but limited to larger arterioles?
Which type of connective tissue fiber is present in the periodontal ligament but limited to larger arterioles?
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How do the cells of the periodontal ligament contribute to homeostasis?
How do the cells of the periodontal ligament contribute to homeostasis?
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What is the primary function of the horizontal group of principal fibers?
What is the primary function of the horizontal group of principal fibers?
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Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption?
Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption?
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What is the role of the oblique group of principal fibers?
What is the role of the oblique group of principal fibers?
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Which of the following types of cells are involved in the resorption of the periodontal ligament?
Which of the following types of cells are involved in the resorption of the periodontal ligament?
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Which fiber group primarily prevents vestibulo-oral tipping of the tooth?
Which fiber group primarily prevents vestibulo-oral tipping of the tooth?
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What characterizes fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament?
What characterizes fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament?
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Which of the following cells is primarily involved in the synthesis of cementum?
Which of the following cells is primarily involved in the synthesis of cementum?
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Identify a key function of the interradicular group of fibers.
Identify a key function of the interradicular group of fibers.
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Study Notes
Periodontal Ligament
- Soft connective tissue surrounding the root of a tooth
- Occupies the space between the tooth root and alveolar bone
- Acts as a suspensory ligament for the tooth
Functions
- Supportive: Supports the tooth against occlusal and masticatory forces
- Homeostatic: Cells synthesize and resorb the connective tissue of the ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum
- Nutritive: Transports nutrients and removes waste products from periodontal tissues
- Sensory: Contains nerve endings
Structural Elements
I. Extracellular Substance
- Collagen and oxytalan fibers
-
Fibrous Elements:
- Interstitial/indefinite fibers
- Principal Fibers (Free gingival ligament, Transseptal/interdental ligament, Alveolo-dental ligament - divided into Alveolar crest, Horizontal, Oblique, Apical, and Interradicular groups)
-
Ground Substance:
- Proteoglycans
- Glycoproteins
-
Fibrous Elements:
II. Cellular Elements
- **Synthetic Cells:**
- Fibroblasts (slender cells everywhere)
- Cementoblasts (flat cells on cementum surface)
- Osteoblasts (bone forming cells on bone surface)
- **Resorptive Cells:**
- Osteoclasts (on bone surface)
- Fibroclasts (resorb collagen)
- Cementoclasts (resorb cementum/root)
- **Progenitor Cells:** Undifferentiated cells
- **Epithelial Cells:** Epithelial rest of Malassez (groups of cells near tooth surface)
- **Other Cells:**
- Mast cells (abundant near blood vessels)
- Macrophages (scavenger cells)
III. Blood Vessels
- Branch from dental artery
- Branches from interdental/interalveolar arteries
- Branches from interradicular artery
IV. Nerves
- Knob-like swellings
- Loops or rings
- Free nerve endings
V. Lymphatic Vessels
- Follow the course of veins
Fibrous Elements
- Reticular fibers: Limited to capillaries
- Elastic fibers: Limited to larger arterioles and arteries
- Oxytalan fibers: Present in PDL but do not span cementum to bone
- Collagen fibers: High molecular weight protein with attached sugars
Principal Fiber Bundles
- Free gingival ligament: Fibers from cementum neck to gingival tissue
- Transseptal/interdental fibres: Fibers connecting adjacent teeth
- Alveolar crest group: Fibers connecting cementum to alveolar crest
- Horizontal group: Fibers running horizontally from cementum to alveolar bone
- Oblique group: Fibers running from cementum to alveolar bone coronally
- Apical group: Fibers attaching from cementum root apex to alveolar fundus
- Interradicular group: Between roots of multirooted teeth
Summary of Attachment and Function of Principal Groups
- Summarizes how the principal fibers attach proximally and distally, and the functions of each fiber group (Note: Specific information related to proximal/distal attachment and functions is included in these summaries)
Development of Periodontal Ligament
- Derived from the dental sac
- Initially, loose connective tissue/fibers
- Alveolar fibers partially insert into alveolar bone
- During eruption, fibers reorganize into functional groups (principal fibers)
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Description
Explore the essential functions and structural elements of the periodontal ligament. This quiz covers its supportive, homeostatic, nutritive, and sensory roles, as well as its cellular and extracellular components. Enhance your understanding of this critical connective tissue in dental health.
