Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of macrophages in the periodontal ligament?
What is the primary function of macrophages in the periodontal ligament?
- To provide structural support to the ligament
- To ingest and digest dead cells and foreign bodies (correct)
- To regulate blood flow within the ligament
- To produce collagen fibers
Which of the following arteries is NOT involved in the vascular supply to the periodontal ligament?
Which of the following arteries is NOT involved in the vascular supply to the periodontal ligament?
- Branches from interradicular artery
- Branches from interdental arteries
- Branch from the dental artery
- Branches from the basilar artery (correct)
How do the nerves of the periodontal ligament primarily arise?
How do the nerves of the periodontal ligament primarily arise?
- By branching from the alveolar veins
- By branching from the dental and interdental nerves (correct)
- Through direct innervation from the brain
- From the lymphatic system
What does the development of the periodontal ligament involve in relation to the dental sac?
What does the development of the periodontal ligament involve in relation to the dental sac?
Which fiber group represents the functional arrangement formed during tooth eruption in the periodontal ligament?
Which fiber group represents the functional arrangement formed during tooth eruption in the periodontal ligament?
What is one of the primary supportive functions of the periodontal ligament?
What is one of the primary supportive functions of the periodontal ligament?
Which type of cell in the periodontal ligament is primarily responsible for synthesizing extracellular matrix components?
Which type of cell in the periodontal ligament is primarily responsible for synthesizing extracellular matrix components?
What is the source of blood supply for the periodontal ligament?
What is the source of blood supply for the periodontal ligament?
Which group of fibers in the periodontal ligament is known for its role in connecting adjacent teeth?
Which group of fibers in the periodontal ligament is known for its role in connecting adjacent teeth?
What function do the sensory nerve endings in the periodontal ligament serve?
What function do the sensory nerve endings in the periodontal ligament serve?
Which cellular element in the periodontal ligament is primarily involved in the resorption of the extracellular matrix?
Which cellular element in the periodontal ligament is primarily involved in the resorption of the extracellular matrix?
Which type of connective tissue fiber is present in the periodontal ligament but limited to larger arterioles?
Which type of connective tissue fiber is present in the periodontal ligament but limited to larger arterioles?
How do the cells of the periodontal ligament contribute to homeostasis?
How do the cells of the periodontal ligament contribute to homeostasis?
What is the primary function of the horizontal group of principal fibers?
What is the primary function of the horizontal group of principal fibers?
Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption?
Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption?
What is the role of the oblique group of principal fibers?
What is the role of the oblique group of principal fibers?
Which of the following types of cells are involved in the resorption of the periodontal ligament?
Which of the following types of cells are involved in the resorption of the periodontal ligament?
Which fiber group primarily prevents vestibulo-oral tipping of the tooth?
Which fiber group primarily prevents vestibulo-oral tipping of the tooth?
What characterizes fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament?
What characterizes fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament?
Which of the following cells is primarily involved in the synthesis of cementum?
Which of the following cells is primarily involved in the synthesis of cementum?
Identify a key function of the interradicular group of fibers.
Identify a key function of the interradicular group of fibers.
Flashcards
Mast Cells Location
Mast Cells Location
Mast cells are found in connective tissue, often near blood vessels.
Macrophage Function
Macrophage Function
Macrophages are cells that consume and break down dead cells and debris.
PDL Blood Supply Sources
PDL Blood Supply Sources
Periodontal ligament blood supply comes from dental, interdental/interalveolar, and interradicular arteries.
PDL Nerve Path
PDL Nerve Path
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PDL Development Origin
PDL Development Origin
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Periodontal Ligament (PDL)
Periodontal Ligament (PDL)
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PDL Function: Supportive
PDL Function: Supportive
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PDL Function: Homeostatic
PDL Function: Homeostatic
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PDL Function: Nutritive
PDL Function: Nutritive
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PDL Structure: Principal Fibers
PDL Structure: Principal Fibers
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PDL Structure: Fibroblasts
PDL Structure: Fibroblasts
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PDL Blood Supply
PDL Blood Supply
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PDL Nerve Function
PDL Nerve Function
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Mesio-distal Relationship
Mesio-distal Relationship
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Alveolar Crest
Alveolar Crest
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Cementum
Cementum
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Principal Fibers
Principal Fibers
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Horizontal Group
Horizontal Group
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Cementoblasts
Cementoblasts
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Epithelial Rest of Malassez
Epithelial Rest of Malassez
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Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
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Study Notes
Periodontal Ligament
- Soft connective tissue surrounding the root of a tooth
- Occupies the space between the tooth root and alveolar bone
- Acts as a suspensory ligament for the tooth
Functions
- Supportive: Supports the tooth against occlusal and masticatory forces
- Homeostatic: Cells synthesize and resorb the connective tissue of the ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum
- Nutritive: Transports nutrients and removes waste products from periodontal tissues
- Sensory: Contains nerve endings
Structural Elements
I. Extracellular Substance
- Collagen and oxytalan fibers
- Fibrous Elements:
- Interstitial/indefinite fibers
- Principal Fibers (Free gingival ligament, Transseptal/interdental ligament, Alveolo-dental ligament - divided into Alveolar crest, Horizontal, Oblique, Apical, and Interradicular groups)
- Ground Substance:
- Proteoglycans
- Glycoproteins
- Fibrous Elements:
II. Cellular Elements
- **Synthetic Cells:**
- Fibroblasts (slender cells everywhere)
- Cementoblasts (flat cells on cementum surface)
- Osteoblasts (bone forming cells on bone surface)
- **Resorptive Cells:**
- Osteoclasts (on bone surface)
- Fibroclasts (resorb collagen)
- Cementoclasts (resorb cementum/root)
- **Progenitor Cells:** Undifferentiated cells
- **Epithelial Cells:** Epithelial rest of Malassez (groups of cells near tooth surface)
- **Other Cells:**
- Mast cells (abundant near blood vessels)
- Macrophages (scavenger cells)
III. Blood Vessels
- Branch from dental artery
- Branches from interdental/interalveolar arteries
- Branches from interradicular artery
IV. Nerves
- Knob-like swellings
- Loops or rings
- Free nerve endings
V. Lymphatic Vessels
- Follow the course of veins
Fibrous Elements
- Reticular fibers: Limited to capillaries
- Elastic fibers: Limited to larger arterioles and arteries
- Oxytalan fibers: Present in PDL but do not span cementum to bone
- Collagen fibers: High molecular weight protein with attached sugars
Principal Fiber Bundles
- Free gingival ligament: Fibers from cementum neck to gingival tissue
- Transseptal/interdental fibres: Fibers connecting adjacent teeth
- Alveolar crest group: Fibers connecting cementum to alveolar crest
- Horizontal group: Fibers running horizontally from cementum to alveolar bone
- Oblique group: Fibers running from cementum to alveolar bone coronally
- Apical group: Fibers attaching from cementum root apex to alveolar fundus
- Interradicular group: Between roots of multirooted teeth
Summary of Attachment and Function of Principal Groups
- Summarizes how the principal fibers attach proximally and distally, and the functions of each fiber group (Note: Specific information related to proximal/distal attachment and functions is included in these summaries)
Development of Periodontal Ligament
- Derived from the dental sac
- Initially, loose connective tissue/fibers
- Alveolar fibers partially insert into alveolar bone
- During eruption, fibers reorganize into functional groups (principal fibers)
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