Periodontal Instruments Overview
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Questions and Answers

What component of a periodontal instrument is instrumental for adapting it to the tooth?

  • Grip
  • Working End
  • Shank (correct)
  • Handle

    • Which type of periodontal instrument is designed for subgingival scaling?

  • Probes
  • Curettes (correct)
  • Sickle Scalers
  • Explorers

    • What distinguishes a complex shank from a simple shank?

  • It has a straight form for easier maneuverability.
  • It is designed only for anterior teeth.
  • It is longer and used for heavy calculus.
  • It has multiple bends for increased access. (correct)

    • What feature is NOT found at the working end of a periodontal instrument?

    <p>Grip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of curettes is specifically designed for anterior teeth?

    <p>Gracey 1/2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the flexibility of a periodontal shank?

    <p>Thickness of the shank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic makes explorers particularly effective at detecting calculus?

    <p>Their thin and flexible design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of hand scaling instrument mentioned?

    <p>Ultrasonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of periodontal probes?

    <p>Measuring pocket depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of scaling instrument is triangular in cross-section with cutting edges that meet at a point?

    <p>Sickle Scalers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary area of use for the Gracey 11/12 curette?

    <p>Mesial surfaces of posterior teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Gracey curette is used for scaling and root planing on distal surfaces of posterior teeth?

    <p>Gracey 13/14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surfaces of the posterior teeth does the Gracey 9/10 target?

    <p>Flat surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of the Gracey curettes?

    <p>One cutting edge per working end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary area of use for the Gracey 5/6 curette?

    <p>Anterior teeth and premolars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What angle is the working edge of the Gracey curettes designed to the tooth surface?

    <p>70°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which curette is intended for both mesial and distal surfaces of anterior teeth?

    <p>Gracey 5/6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic enhances the tactile sensitivity of Gracey curettes?

    <p>Flexible shank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of the Gracey 13/14 curette?

    <p>Scaling distal surfaces of posterior teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Gracey curette is specifically unsuitable for use on mesial surfaces?

    <p>Gracey 9/10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of a periodontal instrument is primarily responsible for gripping and controlling the instrument during use?

    <p>Handle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of the shank influences the flexibility of a periodontal instrument?

    <p>Diameter of the shank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a functional shank from a lower terminal shank?

    <p>Functional shank extends to the working end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the working end is essential for the cutting action in sickle instruments?

    <p>Cutting edge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature that distinguishes sickle scalers from other periodontal instruments?

    <p>Two cutting edges meeting at a pointed tip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the macro design of a working end influence its functionality?

    <p>Influences the angle of contact with the tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of site specific curettes?

    <p>To instrument specific surfaces of teeth only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of hand scaling instruments does the classification by design name or design number denote?

    <p>School or designer identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the design of a universal curette?

    <p>It features a spoon-shaped working end with rounded toe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the 'micro-anatomy' of the working end in periodontal instruments?

    <p>Enhance cutting efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes a standard shank more suitable for detecting subtle surface irregularities compared to a larger diameter shank?

    <p>Enhanced tactile sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function does the rounded back of a curette serve?

    <p>To facilitate easier access in the sulcus or pocket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT affect the design and functionality of a periodontal instrument?

    <p>Color of the instrument</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does not pertain to the design of sickle scalers?

    <p>Rounded toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Gracey curette is specifically designed for use on the distal surfaces of posterior teeth?

    <p>Gracey 11/12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of flexibility does a thinner shank provide in dental scaling instruments?

    <p>Increased ability to adapt to tooth surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of site specific curettes in comparison to universal curettes?

    <p>They have a single working edge per working end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the cutting edges on a universal curette?

    <p>To allow for effective subgingival scaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic does the Gracey 5/6 curette feature?

    <p>Rounded side and a cutting side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of Gracey curettes contributes to enhanced tactile sensitivity?

    <p>Narrower blade design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is often found on some designs of periodontal probes?

    <p>Millimetre markings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of periodontal explorers?

    <p>To determine the location and extent of calculus deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of having a rounded edge on periodontal probes?

    <p>Reduces tissue trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the working end of a periodontal probe?

    <p>Smooth round and rectangular in cross-section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the shank of a periodontal explorer contribute to its functionality?

    <p>It adds flexibility for better adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instruments is specifically designed with a sharp point for evaluation?

    <p>Explorer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of a periodontal probe aids in its measurement capabilities?

    <p>Millimetre markings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the working end of periodontal explorers?

    <p>Fine and wire-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instruments is primarily used for deposit removal?

    <p>Sickle scaler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design feature enhances the tactile perception in periodontal explorers?

    <p>More flexible shank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Periodontal Instrument Components

    • Every periodontal instrument has a handle, shank, and working end.
    • The handle provides ergonomic balance and can vary in texture, flexibility, and rigidity based on clinician preference.
    • The shank connects the handle to the working end and can be simple (for anterior teeth) or complex (for posterior teeth).
    • The working end is the part that contacts the tooth and comes in various types like sickles, curettes, and explorers.
    • Features of the working end include the toe, heel, face, and cutting edge, each suited for specific tasks.

    Shank Design and Function

    • The functional shank extends from the first bend to the working end, while the lower terminal shank adapts the instrument to the tooth.
    • Thinner shanks offer tactile sensitivity but are less effective for heavy deposits.
    • Thicker shanks are more rigid and suitable for removing heavy calculus.

    Working End Anatomy

    • Curettes have a rounded toe and are suitable for subgingival scaling.
    • Sickles have a pointed tip and are designed for supragingival scaling.
    • The face is the top of the blade, and the cutting edge is the sharp side for removing calculus.
    • The toe/tip is rounded for curettes and pointed for sickles.
    • The heel is the rear part of the working end.

    Hand Scaling Instruments

    • Periodontal probes measure pocket depth and detect calculus.
    • Explorers are thin, flexible instruments for detecting calculus, restorations, and caries with high tactile sensitivity.
    • Sickle scalers are used for supragingival scaling with a triangular cross-section and two cutting edges.
    • Curettes are universal (two cutting edges) or site-specific (one working edge) and designed for specific tooth surfaces.

    Classification of Hand Scaling Instruments

    • Instruments are classified by name (often tied to the designer) and number (identifying the specific design and area of use).
    • Gracey curettes are designed for specific tooth surfaces, with a 70° angle to the tooth surface.
    • Gracey curette numbers 1/2, 11/12, and 13/14 apply to different tooth surfaces.
    • Gracey 5/6 is used for both mesial and distal surfaces of anterior teeth and premolars.
    • Gracey 9/10 is designed for buccal and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth.
    • Gracey 11/12 is used for mesial surfaces of posterior teeth.
    • Gracey 13/14 is used for distal surfaces of posterior teeth.
    • Gracey curettes have one cutting edge per working end for site-specific use and a flexible shank for tactile sensitivity.

    Handle

    • Handles have a weight which is evenly distributed for ergonomic use
    • Handles are textured to increase clinician preference
    • The material of handles can be flexible or rigid depending on the user's preference

    Shanks

    • Shanks can be simple or complex
    • Shanks can be standard, extended, flexible or rigid
    • Flexible shanks enhance tactile sensitivity
    • Rigid shanks have a larger diameter and can withstand pressure

    Working End - Macro-anatomy

    • Working ends are available in a variety of shapes, commonly sickle or curette
    • Sickle working ends are used for supra-gingival/crown use only
    • Curettes are used supra-gingivally and sub-gingivally
    • Curettes are used for removal of light to moderately sized calculus

    Working End - Micro-Anatomy

    • The working end of an instrument includes the face, lateral surface and cutting edge
    • The micro-anatomy includes the toe (tip), middle and heel

    Classification of Periodontal Instruments

    • Periodontal instruments are split into two categories, assessment instruments and deposit removal instruments
    • Assessment instruments include probes and explorers
    • Deposit removal instruments include sickles, curettes and files

    Periodontal Probes

    • Probes are either round or rectangular in cross section
    • Some probes have millimetre markings
    • Probes are used for measuring and evaluation

    Explorers

    • Explorers are fine, wire-like in shape with a sharp point
    • Explorers are circular in cross section
    • Explorers are used to determine the location and extent of calculus deposits

    Sickles

    • Sickles are identified by the number M23 and H6/H7
    • Sickles have 2 cutting edges
    • The cutting edges meet in a pointed tip
    • Sickles are triangular in cross-section
    • Sickles are typically used supra-gingivally

    Curettes

    • Curettes are a spoon shaped working end with 2 cutting edges
    • The cutting edges meet in a rounded toe
    • Curettes are semi-circular in cross section
    • Curettes can be used supra and sub-gingivally for removal of light to moderately sized calculus
    • Curettes are inserted into the sulcus or pocket without inflicting trauma

    Site Specific Curettes

    • Site specific curettes have a rounded toe, back and semi-circular cross section
    • Site specific curettes only have one working edge
    • They are specific to certain surfaces and areas of the mouth
    • Site specific curettes are not used on all surfaces and need to be used with a set of curettes to instrument the whole mouth
    • Site specific curettes are used sub-gingivally
    • The most popular site specific instruments are Gracey curettes

    Gracey Curettes

    • Gracey 1/2 has a rounded side and a cutting side
    • Gracey 5/6 has a rounded side and a cutting side
    • Gracey 9/10 has a rounded side and a cutting side
    • Gracey 11/12 has a rounded side and a cutting side
    • Gracey 13/14 has a cutting side and a face
    • Gracey curettes are used subgingivally
    • Gracey curettes can only be used on the specific tooth surface they have been designed for

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    Instrument Design & Recognition

    Description

    This quiz covers the components and anatomy of periodontal instruments, focusing on handles, shanks, and working ends. Learn about the various designs, functions, and features suited for different clinical tasks. Essential for dental students and professionals.

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