Periodontal Disease and Oral Mucosa Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of cellular/secondary cementum after tooth eruption?

To facilitate tooth resorption under orthodontic forces

To repair root fractures by depositing new cementum (correct)

To protect the dentinal tubuli from external damage

To anchor the periodontal ligament fibers to the root surface

What distinguishes the alveolar process from other types of bone?

It is primarily composed of cancellous bone devoid of sockets

It provides support specifically designed for teeth (correct)

It lacks perforations for vessels and nerves

It has a lower density compared to typical bone

Which characteristic of cementum helps maintain occlusal relationships in teeth?

The avascular nature that prevents inflammation

The ability to resorb under masticatory forces

The mineralized structure maintaining a balance between attrition and eruption (correct)

The presence of Sharpey’s fibers to anchor tendons

What is one of the primary roles of the alveolar bone in relation to the teeth?

To provide a stable support system for teeth Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding cementum is accurate?

Cementum always forms when the root surface interacts with PDL fibers. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the alveolar process consists of the thin layer of bone surrounding each tooth socket?

Alveolus or cribriform plate Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the alveolar process when teeth are lost?

It undergoes slow resorption Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone primarily comprises the facial and lingual cortical plates of the alveolar process?

Compact bone Signup and view all the answers

How does the alveolar crest correspond to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in a healthy situation?

It lies 2-3 mm apical to CEJ Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is comparatively less present in the mandible than in the maxilla?

Trabecular bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the composition of the periodontal ligament?

Composed of collagen fibres, loose connective tissue, and blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the masticatory mucosa?

Provides mechanical toughness during mastication Signup and view all the answers

Which tissues form the main structural support in periodontium?

Periodontal ligament and cementum Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the specialized mucosa from other types of oral mucosa?

It contains taste buds and papillae Signup and view all the answers

The free (marginal) gingiva is specifically defined as which of the following?

Surrounding the tooth but not attached Signup and view all the answers

What is the average width of the periodontal ligament?

0.2 mm Signup and view all the answers

Which main fibre bundle extends from cementum to the crest of the alveolar bone?

Alveologingival Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes attached gingiva?

It ranges from 1-9 mm and is bound to bone Signup and view all the answers

What role do the fibre bundles of the periodontal ligament serve?

Stabilize the tooth while allowing for movement Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mucosa covers the lips and cheeks and is known for its elastic properties?

Lining mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of the crevicular fluid present in the gingival tissues?

Plays a role in the immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the lining mucosa?

Dense and fibrous Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the periodontal ligament width as a person ages?

It can decrease over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the interradicular fibre bundles?

Stabilizes multi-rooted teeth at their furcation area Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Periodontal Disease and Periodontium

"Periodontal" denotes the area around the tooth; "peri" means around, and "odont" means tooth.
The periodontium includes healthy, viable supporting structures that attach teeth to the jawbone, facilitating masticatory function.
Supports lateral and horizontal movements during chewing.

Oral Mucosa

Moist mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth, comprising all soft tissues.
Divided into three categories:
- Masticatory mucosa: Includes gingiva and hard palate. Non-movable (25% of oral mucosa), keratinized for mechanical strength, interacts directly with food.
- Specialized mucosa: Located on the dorsum of the tongue (15% of oral mucosa), contains taste buds for flavor sensation.
- Lining mucosa: Covers areas like lips and floor of the mouth (60% of oral mucosa). Mobile, non-keratinized, allowing flexibility in speech and mastication.

Gingiva

Visible part of the oral cavity, comprised of epithelial tissue.
Attaches to the tooth at or above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ).
Functions to protect against mechanical and bacterial damage.
Morphologically divided into free/marginal gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental papillae.

Components of Gingiva

Free (Marginal) Gingiva: Surrounds the tooth, 0.5 to 2 mm soft wall of the sulcus.
Attached Gingiva: Firm, resilient tissue, 1 to 9 mm in thickness, bound to the bone.
Interdental Papillae: Fills the gaps between teeth; commonly stippled and varies in shape based on tooth position.

Functions of Gingiva

Attaches dental hard tissues to oral mucosa.
Protects periodontal tissues from bacterial invasion.

Fiber Bundles in the Gingiva

Five main fiber bundles:
- Dentogingival: From cementum to free & attached gingiva for support.
- Alveologingival: From periosteum to attached gingiva for attachment.
- Dento-periosteal: Masonry from cementum to alveolar crest for anchorage.
- Circular group: Wraps around the tooth to provide support.
- Transeptal group: Connects cementum of adjacent teeth.

Periodontal Ligament (PDL)

Specialized connective tissue fibers attaching tooth to the alveolar bone.
Contains collagen fibers, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.
Approximately 0.2 mm in width; varies based on age, tooth location, and stress.
Constantly remodeling; plays a key role in tooth anchorage and cushioning during occlusal forces.

Functions of the Periodontal Ligament

Suspends tooth within the alveolus, allowing limited movement.
Acts as a shock absorber and transmits occlusal forces.
Offers sensory functions relating to touch and pain, providing proprioception feedback.

Root Cementum

Covers root surface; provides attachment for periodontal fibers.
Less resorbed than bone, maintaining integrity during orthodontic movements.
Contains Sharpey’s fibers, responsible for anchoring PDL fibers to the root.
Two types: acellular (initial root formation) and cellular (develops post-eruption).

Alveolar Bone/Process

Alveolar process holds tooth sockets; provides support for the teeth.
Comprises three components: alveolus (cribriform plate), compact bone (facial and lingual plates), and trabecular bone.
Undergoes continuous remodeling in response to external forces.

Alveolar Bone Structure

Consists of radicular, interproximal, interradicular, and crestal bone.
Tooth-dependent; resorbs slowly when teeth are lost.
Healthy alveolar crest lies 2-3 mm apical to the CEJ, supporting tooth alignment.

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Description

Test your knowledge on periodontal disease and the various types of oral mucosa. This quiz covers the function and classification of the periodontium, the composition of the oral mucosa, and the role of gingiva in the oral cavity. Perfect for dental students and professionals looking to refresh their understanding.