Periodic Table Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Where on the Periodic Table are the most metallic elements located?

Bottom left

What are nonmetals?

Nonmetals are elements that have no metallic properties.

Where on the Periodic Table are nonmetals located?

Nonmetals are located on the right.

At room temperature, most nonmetals are in which state of matter?

<p>Gaseous</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which periods are metals located on the Periodic Table?

<p>2-7</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the alkali metals.

<p>Lithium, sodium, francium, potassium, rubidium</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Periodic Table arranged using atomic numbers?

<p>The atomic numbers increase going from left to right across periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which 4 factors did Mendeleev use to arrange his Periodic Table?

<p>Density, color, melting point, atomic mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define periodic table.

<p>The periodic table is a chart of elements arranged into rows and columns (periods and groups) according to their physical and chemical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of atomic number?

<p>The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Moseley organize his periodic table?

<p>Moseley organized his periodic table by increasing atomic numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are groups on the periodic table?

<p>Columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are periods on the periodic table?

<p>Rows</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how scientists are able to determine a synthetic element's properties.

<p>Scientists are able to look at the properties of other elements in the same groups and period to determine the properties of the synthetic element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define luster.

<p>The ability to reflect light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define conductivity.

<p>The ability to conduct heat and electricity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define ductility.

<p>The ability to be pulled into thin wires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define malleability.

<p>The ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alkali metals are in which group?

<p>Group 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do alkali metals react quickly or slowly with other elements?

<p>Quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are alkali metals found in nature as elements, in compounds, or both?

<p>Compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of appearance do alkali metals have?

<p>Dull</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are alkali metals soft or hard?

<p>Soft</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the density of alkali metals.

<p>They have the lowest densities of all of the metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of metals have the lowest densities?

<p>Alkali metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are alkali metals and alkaline earth metals different?

<p>Alkali metals are in group 1. Alkaline earth metals are in group 2. Alkali metals are extremely reactive. Alkaline earth metals are very reactive, but not as reactive as alkali metals. Alkali metals have the lowest densities of all metals. Alkaline earth metals have a low density, but it is not as low as alkali metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are alkali metals and alkaline earth metals similar?

<p>They are both found in nature only as compounds. They are both soft metals. They are both silvery in color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where on the Periodic Table are Transition Elements located?

<p>They are located in groups 3-12.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of transition elements?

<p>Great strength, high melting points, high densities, less reactive than other metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lanthanides used for?

<p>Strong magnets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are actinides used for?

<p>Fuel in nuclear reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the arrangement of metals in the periodic table in terms of their properties.

<p>Metallic properties decrease from left to right across the periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The human body is made up of mostly (metals, nonmetals)?

<p>Nonmetals</p> Signup and view all the answers

96% of the mass of the human body is made up of what 4 elements?

<p>Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nonmetals?

<p>Elements that have no metallic properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solid nonmetals have what type of surface?

<p>Dull (no luster)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nonmetal that is in group 14?

<p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the nonmetals that are in group 15?

<p>Nitrogen, phosphorous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the nonmetals that are in group 16?

<p>Oxygen, sulfur, selenium</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which group are the halogens?

<p>Group 17</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the group 17 elements?

<p>Halogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are halogens found in nature as elements, in compounds, or as both?

<p>Compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

With what type or types of elements do halogens react?

<p>Metals and nonmetals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resulting compound called when a halogen reacts with a metal?

<p>Salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

As you move down the halogens group, what happens to the reactivity?

<p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

As you move up the halogen group, what happens to the reactivity?

<p>It increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what group are the Noble Gases?

<p>Group 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the group 18 elements called?

<p>Noble Gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why weren't the noble gases included in Mendeleev's periodic table?

<p>They weren't discovered until after Mendeleev constructed his periodic table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are noble gases found as elements, in compounds, or as both in nature?

<p>Only as elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how hydrogen shows properties of both metals and nonmetals.

<p>In its liquid form, hydrogen conducts electricity like a metal. It is very reactive like an alkali metal. Like some nonmetals, it is a gas at room temperature. Under the conditions found on Earth, hydrogen acts as a nonmetal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define metalloid.

<p>An element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are metalloids like metals?

<p>They conduct electricity at high temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are metalloids like nonmetals?

<p>They stop electricity from flowing at low temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define semiconductor.

<p>A semiconductor conducts electricity but not as well as a metal does.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a semiconductor useful?

<p>A semiconductor is useful in electronic devices because it conducts electricity well at high temperatures and stops electricity from flowing at lower temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Be able to tell an element's atomic number whether it's a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid; and which group and period it is in by using your foldable periodic table.

<p>Use Periodic Table</p> Signup and view all the answers

Be able to list elements from each of the different groups (alkali, halogens, etc.) using your foldable periodic table.

<p>Use Periodic Table</p> Signup and view all the answers

In your own words, determine how the periodic table first was made and how it helps you.

<p>Free Answer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Periodic Table Basics

  • Most metallic elements are found at the bottom left of the Periodic Table.
  • Nonmetals have no metallic properties and are located on the right side.
  • At room temperature, most nonmetals are gaseous.

Arrangement of Elements

  • Metals are located in periods 2-7 on the Periodic Table.
  • The atomic numbers of elements increase from left to right across periods.
  • Mendeleev arranged the Periodic Table based on density, color, melting point, and atomic mass.
  • Groups refer to columns, while periods refer to rows on the Periodic Table.

Definitions

  • The periodic table is a chart of elements arranged by their physical and chemical properties.
  • Atomic number refers to the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Contributions of Scientists

  • Moseley organized the Periodic Table by increasing atomic numbers, enhancing accuracy.

Characteristics of Elements

  • Synthetic elements’ properties are determined by examining similar elements in the same group and period.
  • Luster is the ability to reflect light; conductivity refers to conducting heat and electricity; ductility is the ability to form thin wires; malleability describes the ability to be rolled into sheets.

Alkali Metals

  • Alkali metals are located in Group 1; they react quickly with other elements and are found in compounds rather than as free elements.
  • These metals exhibit a dull appearance, are soft, and possess the lowest densities among metals.

Alkali vs. Alkaline Earth Metals

  • Alkali metals are in Group 1, extremely reactive, with the lowest densities.
  • Alkaline earth metals are in Group 2, very reactive, but with higher densities than alkali metals.
  • Both groups only occur in nature as compounds and are characterized by their softness and silvery color.

Transition Elements

  • Transition elements are located in groups 3-12.
  • They are known for their great strength, high melting points, high densities, and lower reactivity compared to other metals.

Lanthanides and Actinides

  • Lanthanides are used for strong magnets.
  • Actinides serve as fuel in nuclear reactions.

Nonmetals

  • Nonmetals primarily make up the human body, composed mainly of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen.
  • Solid nonmetals typically have a dull surface and are characterized by a lack of luster.

Groups of Nonmetals

  • Group 14 contains carbon; Group 15 includes nitrogen and phosphorus; Group 16 features oxygen, sulfur, and selenium.
  • Halogens are found in Group 17, and they react with metals and nonmetals to form salts. Reactivity decreases as you move down this group, while it increases moving up.

Noble Gases

  • Noble gases, located in Group 18, are discovered after Mendeleev's time; they only exist as individual elements and not in compounds.
  • Hydrogen displays both metallic and nonmetallic properties under various conditions.

Metalloids and Semiconductors

  • Metalloids possess characteristics of both metals and nonmetals, conducting electricity at high temperatures and insulating at lower temperatures.
  • Semiconductors conduct electricity, making them useful in electronics, functioning well at high temperatures yet insulating at low temperatures.

Practical Skills with the Periodic Table

  • Using a foldable periodic table helps identify an element’s atomic number, classify it as metal, nonmetal, or metalloid, and determine its group and period.
  • Familiarity with groups like alkali metals and halogens enhances understanding of elemental properties and behaviors.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the periodic table with these flashcards that cover metallic elements, nonmetals, and their properties. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of chemistry concepts related to the periodic table.

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