Periodic Table Definitions Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the Periodic Table?

A table of nonmetals only.

A table of chemical elements arranged in order of atomic mass.

A table of metals only.

A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number. (correct)

What is a Chemical Group/Family?

A column of elements in the periodic table.

What is a Chemical Period?

A row of elements in the periodic table.

What is the Atomic Number?

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Signup and view all the answers

What accounts for almost all of the mass of an atom?

Protons and neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Valence Electron?

An electron located in the valence shell. Signup and view all the answers

What does Malleable mean?

Able to be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking. Signup and view all the answers

What does Ductile mean?

Able to be drawn out into a thin wire. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Metal?

A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Non-metal?

An element or substance that is not a metal. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Metalloid?

An element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

What are Alkali Metals?

Elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. Signup and view all the answers

What are Alkali Earth Metals?

Elements beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. Signup and view all the answers

What are Halogens?

Elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Signup and view all the answers

What are Noble Gases?

Gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Signup and view all the answers

What are Lewis Structures?

Diagrams that show the bonding between atoms and lone pairs of electrons in a molecule. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Bohr Diagram?

A diagram that illustrates electrons orbiting the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What did Dmitri Mendeleev do?

He created his own periodic table of elements. Signup and view all the answers

How did Mendeleev arrange the elements?

In a pattern that showed how they reacted similarly. Signup and view all the answers

How did Mendeleev's table differ from today's Periodic Table?

He listed elements according to increasing atomic mass. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Periodic Table Overview

A periodic table is a chart of chemical elements organized by atomic number, showcasing their properties and relationships.

Chemical Groups and Periods

A chemical group, or family, refers to a vertical column of elements in the periodic table that exhibit similar chemical behaviors.
A chemical period represents a horizontal row in the periodic table, with period 1 being the first row.

Atomic Properties

Atomic number signifies the count of protons in an atom's nucleus, influencing its chemical characteristics and position on the periodic table.
Atomic mass reflects the total number of protons and neutrons, accounting for nearly all an atom's mass.

Electrons and Their Roles

Valence electrons are those in the outermost shell and determine how an element reacts chemically.

Material Properties

Malleability describes a material's capacity to be deformed or shaped without breaking.
Ductility refers to a material's ability to be stretched into thin wires.

Classification of Elements

Metals are hard, shiny, and possess properties like malleability, ductility, and good conductivity of heat and electricity.
Non-metals are elements that do not exhibit metallic characteristics.
Metalloids, such as germanium and silicon, have properties intermediate between metals and non-metals.

Specific Element Categories

Alkali metals (Group IA) include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium, known for their high reactivity.
Alkaline earth metals (Group IIA) comprise beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, characterized by their reactivity and metallic behavior.
Halogens (Group VIIA) feature elements like fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, recognized for their high reactivity and tendency to form salts.
Noble gases (Group 0) include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, known for their lack of reactivity due to filled electron shells.

Chemical Bonding and Models

Lewis structures visually depict the bonds between atoms in molecules, illustrating lone pairs of electrons.
Bohr diagrams represent the model of electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed paths, established by Niels Bohr.

Historical Context of the Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev developed an early version of the periodic table, organizing elements by atomic mass and similarities in reactions.
Modern periodic tables are organized by increasing atomic number, differing from Mendeleev's initial arrangement based on atomic mass.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the periodic table with these flashcards that cover essential definitions related to chemical elements, groups, and periods. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their chemistry vocabulary and understanding of element organization.