Questions and Answers
What is the Periodic Table of the Elements?
What is a Period in the periodic table?
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.
What is a Group/Family in the periodic table?
A column of elements in the periodic table.
Which of the following describes Metals?
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Which of the following describes Nonmetals?
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What are Metalloids?
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What are Alkali Metals?
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What are Alkaline Earth Metals?
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What are Transition Metals?
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What are Halogens?
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What are Noble Gases?
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What are Lanthanides/Actinides?
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Study Notes
Periodic Table of the Elements
- Developed by Dmitri Mendeleev, organizes all known chemical elements.
- Arranged by atomic number in rows (periods) and columns (groups/families).
Period
- A horizontal row in the periodic table.
- Elements in a period share the same number of atomic orbitals.
Group/Family
- A vertical column in the periodic table.
- Elements within a group typically have the same number of valence electrons, excluding transition metals.
Metals
- Predominantly located on the left side of the periodic table.
- Characteristics include malleability, ductility, metallic luster, and good conductivity, with examples like gold, copper, and aluminum.
Nonmetals
- Found on the right side of the periodic table.
- Typically brittle, lacking luster, and poor conductors, including elements like oxygen and carbon.
Metalloids
- Positioned along the zig-zag line between metals and nonmetals.
- Exhibit properties of both categories and can function as semiconductors, including boron and silicon.
Alkali Metals
- Located in Group 1 of the periodic table.
- Contain 1 valence electron and are extremely reactive; notable examples are lithium, sodium, and potassium.
Alkaline Earth Metals
- Found in Group 2 of the periodic table.
- Feature 2 valence electrons and are very reactive, including elements like magnesium and calcium.
Transition Metals
- Occupy the central block of the periodic table.
- Exhibit unpredictable valence electron configurations, share similar properties, and are generally not highly reactive; examples are iron and copper.
Halogens
- Nonmetals located in Group 7 of the periodic table.
- Known for being very reactive with 7 valence electrons, particularly reacting with metals to form salts; examples include fluorine and chlorine.
Noble Gases
- Positioned in Group 8 of the periodic table.
- Inert and nonreactive due to having a full octet in their valence shell; notable examples include helium and neon.
Lanthanides and Actinides
- Found in two rows below the main body of the periodic table.
- Often referred to as rare earth elements; significant in electronics, with many being synthetic and radioactive, playing critical roles in the nuclear industry.
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Description
Dive into the world of chemistry with these flashcards focusing on the Periodic Table of Elements. You'll learn about the arrangement of elements, periods, and groups or families. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of elemental classification.
