Periodic Table and Element Properties
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the metallic character of elements as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?

  • It increases significantly.
  • It fluctuates wildly.
  • It decreases. (correct)
  • It remains constant.
  • Which statement correctly describes the number of valence electrons for elements in the same group?

  • They all have one valence electron.
  • They have the same number of valence electrons as the period number.
  • They have the same number of valence electrons equal to the group number. (correct)
  • They have varying numbers of valence electrons based on atomic number.
  • What does the period number of an element represent?

  • The number of shells around the nucleus. (correct)
  • The number of protons in the atom.
  • The total number of electrons in the atom.
  • The number of valence electrons in the outer shell.
  • How can the chemical properties of elements in the same group be characterized?

    <p>They exhibit nearly similar chemical properties due to having the same number of valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements has 7 electron shells and is in group 4?

    <p>Flerovium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the outermost shell of an atom?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isotopes of an element have the same number of which of the following subatomic particles?

    <p>Protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about isotopes is true?

    <p>Isotopes have the same atomic number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Periodic Table play in chemistry?

    <p>It is used to classify elements according to atomic numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following isotopes is radioactive?

    <p>Cobalt-60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What uniquely characterizes radioactive isotopes compared to non-radioactive ones?

    <p>Their nuclei are unstable and emit energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are transition metals different in terms of electron configuration compared to other elements?

    <p>They do not follow the simple electron distribution order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the outermost shell's capacity is accurate?

    <p>Only the valence shell can participate in chemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of sub-atomic particles that make up an atom?

    <p>Protons, neutrons, and electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the atomic number of an element represent?

    <p>The number of protons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the structure of an atom, where are electrons located?

    <p>In shells revolving around the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus?

    <p>Mass number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the electronic structure of an atom is correct?

    <p>Electrons are filled in order according to the 2n² rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of electrons compared to protons and neutrons?

    <p>Negligible compared to protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the mass number of an atom calculated?

    <p>Total number of protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the valence shell of an atom?

    <p>It contains electrons that participate in chemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason that noble gases are considered unreactive?

    <p>They have a complete outer valence shell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is classified as a liquid non-metal at room temperature?

    <p>Bromine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is characteristic of metals?

    <p>Ductile and malleable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron configuration of helium in terms of electrons in its outer shell?

    <p>2 electrons in its outer shell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ions do non-metals typically form when they react?

    <p>Negative ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are metals generally located in the periodic table?

    <p>Below the zigzag line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the elements of Group I is correct?

    <p>They are known as alkali metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT true for non-metals?

    <p>They can be sonorous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is helium preferred over hydrogen for filling weather balloons?

    <p>Helium is unreactive while hydrogen is flammable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies a positive ion?

    <p>An atom that lost electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes transition metals?

    <p>They can act as catalysts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the identity of an atom?

    <p>The proton number (atomic number).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs exemplifies elements not arranged by mass number?

    <p>Tellurium and Iodine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the physical properties of transition metals?

    <p>They possess high strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are bridges typically made of iron instead of aluminum?

    <p>Iron has much better strength than aluminum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen to the atomic size as neutrons increase?

    <p>Atomic size would typically increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for using aluminium in the body of an airplane?

    <p>Aluminium is much lighter than iron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of compounds?

    <p>They are formed from two or more different elements chemically combined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following salts is considered to be colored?

    <p>CuSO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding mixtures?

    <p>The properties of a mixture are a combination of its individual components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes metals from non-metals in the periodic table?

    <p>Metals are located on the left side of the zigzag line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the reactivity of non-metals as you move across a period in the periodic table?

    <p>Non-metals become less reactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are compounds generally more stable than individual atoms?

    <p>Compounds are less reactive than their elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the transition metals in terms of their properties?

    <p>Transition metals have high melting points and density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Atomic Structure

    • Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all elements.
    • Atoms are spherical in shape and composed of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • The nucleus, at the atom's center, contains protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge).
    • Electrons (negative charge) orbit the nucleus in different energy shells.
    • Nucleons are protons and neutrons, concentrated in the nucleus.
    • The atom is electrically neutral because the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
    • Valence electrons are in the outermost shell and participate in chemical reactions.
    • Atomic mass is primarily concentrated in the nucleus.

    Elements

    • An element is a pure substance composed of identical atoms.
    • Elements are characterized by their atomic number (Z), which is the number of protons in the nucleus.
    • Each element has a unique symbol, atomic number, and mass number (A), the total number of protons and neutrons.
    • The atomic number uniquely identifies an element.
    • Mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

    Isotopes

    • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
    • They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
    • Isotopes have identical chemical properties but different physical properties.

    Electronic Configuration

    • The electronic configuration describes the arrangement of electrons in different energy shells surrounding the nucleus.
    • Electrons fill shells closest to the nucleus first.
    • The maximum number of electrons in each shell follows the rule 2n².
    • The outermost shell is called the valence shell, and its electrons are involved in chemical reactions.
    • The periodic table is helpful for predicting electronic configurations.

    Periodic Table

    • The periodic table organizes elements based on increasing atomic numbers.
    • Elements are grouped into periods (rows) based on the number of electron shells.
    • Elements in the same group have similar properties and the same number of valence electrons.
    • Metallic character generally decreases across a period, and increases down a group.
    • Non-metals generally increase across a period, and decrease down a group.
    • The noble gases (Group 0/Group 18) are virtually unreactive due to their filled valence electron shells.

    Properties of Transition Metals

    • Transition metals are generally dense, strong, and have high melting points.
    • Some transition metals form colored compounds and can act as catalysts.
    • Many transition metals have more than one oxidation state.

    Ions

    • Ions are charged atoms formed by gaining or losing electrons.
    • Positive ions (cations) are formed by losing electrons (protons > electrons).
    • Negative ions (anions) are formed by gaining electrons (electrons > protons).

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    Description

    This quiz explores the properties of elements in the periodic table, including metallic character, valence electrons, and electron configuration. Test your knowledge on the characteristics and roles of isotopes, as well as the significance of the periodic table in chemistry.

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