Periodic Table and Element Properties
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the metallic character of elements as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?

  • It increases significantly.
  • It fluctuates wildly.
  • It decreases. (correct)
  • It remains constant.

Which statement correctly describes the number of valence electrons for elements in the same group?

  • They all have one valence electron.
  • They have the same number of valence electrons as the period number.
  • They have the same number of valence electrons equal to the group number. (correct)
  • They have varying numbers of valence electrons based on atomic number.

What does the period number of an element represent?

  • The number of shells around the nucleus. (correct)
  • The number of protons in the atom.
  • The total number of electrons in the atom.
  • The number of valence electrons in the outer shell.

How can the chemical properties of elements in the same group be characterized?

<p>They exhibit nearly similar chemical properties due to having the same number of valence electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements has 7 electron shells and is in group 4?

<p>Flerovium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the outermost shell of an atom?

<p>8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isotopes of an element have the same number of which of the following subatomic particles?

<p>Protons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about isotopes is true?

<p>Isotopes have the same atomic number. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Periodic Table play in chemistry?

<p>It is used to classify elements according to atomic numbers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following isotopes is radioactive?

<p>Cobalt-60 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What uniquely characterizes radioactive isotopes compared to non-radioactive ones?

<p>Their nuclei are unstable and emit energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are transition metals different in terms of electron configuration compared to other elements?

<p>They do not follow the simple electron distribution order. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the outermost shell's capacity is accurate?

<p>Only the valence shell can participate in chemical reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of sub-atomic particles that make up an atom?

<p>Protons, neutrons, and electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

<p>The number of protons in the nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the structure of an atom, where are electrons located?

<p>In shells revolving around the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus?

<p>Mass number (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the electronic structure of an atom is correct?

<p>Electrons are filled in order according to the 2n² rule. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of electrons compared to protons and neutrons?

<p>Negligible compared to protons and neutrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the mass number of an atom calculated?

<p>Total number of protons and neutrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the valence shell of an atom?

<p>It contains electrons that participate in chemical reactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason that noble gases are considered unreactive?

<p>They have a complete outer valence shell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is classified as a liquid non-metal at room temperature?

<p>Bromine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is characteristic of metals?

<p>Ductile and malleable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration of helium in terms of electrons in its outer shell?

<p>2 electrons in its outer shell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ions do non-metals typically form when they react?

<p>Negative ions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are metals generally located in the periodic table?

<p>Below the zigzag line. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the elements of Group I is correct?

<p>They are known as alkali metals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT true for non-metals?

<p>They can be sonorous. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is helium preferred over hydrogen for filling weather balloons?

<p>Helium is unreactive while hydrogen is flammable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a positive ion?

<p>An atom that lost electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes transition metals?

<p>They can act as catalysts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the identity of an atom?

<p>The proton number (atomic number). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs exemplifies elements not arranged by mass number?

<p>Tellurium and Iodine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the physical properties of transition metals?

<p>They possess high strength. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are bridges typically made of iron instead of aluminum?

<p>Iron has much better strength than aluminum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to the atomic size as neutrons increase?

<p>Atomic size would typically increase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for using aluminium in the body of an airplane?

<p>Aluminium is much lighter than iron. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of compounds?

<p>They are formed from two or more different elements chemically combined. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following salts is considered to be colored?

<p>CuSO4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding mixtures?

<p>The properties of a mixture are a combination of its individual components. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes metals from non-metals in the periodic table?

<p>Metals are located on the left side of the zigzag line. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the reactivity of non-metals as you move across a period in the periodic table?

<p>Non-metals become less reactive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are compounds generally more stable than individual atoms?

<p>Compounds are less reactive than their elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the transition metals in terms of their properties?

<p>Transition metals have high melting points and density. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is an atom?

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. It's composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What is an element?

A pure substance composed of atoms with the same atomic number. They cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

What is atomic number?

The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It determines the element's identity.

What is mass number?

The total number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom. It represents the atom's mass.

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What are protons?

Positively charged particles found in the atom's nucleus. Their number determines the atomic number.

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What are neutrons?

Neutral particles found in the atom's nucleus. They contribute to the atom's mass but have no charge.

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What are electrons?

Negatively charged particles that orbit the atom's nucleus in shells. Their number equals the number of protons in a neutral atom.

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What is electronic structure?

The arrangement of electrons in different energy levels around the nucleus. It determines how an atom interacts with other atoms.

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Metals

Elements located on the left side of the periodic table, characterized by their tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions.

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Non-metals

Elements located on the right side of the periodic table, characterized by their tendency to gain electrons and form negative ions.

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Group Number

The number of electrons in an atom's outermost shell determines an element's group on the periodic table.

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Period Number

The number of electron shells in an atom determines its period on the periodic table.

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Metallic Character

The tendency of an element to lose electrons and form positive ions. It generally decreases from left to right across a period and increases down a group.

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What is the valence shell?

The outermost shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons that participate in chemical reactions.

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What is the octet rule?

An atom's outermost shell can hold a maximum of 8 electrons. This is called an octet.

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What are isotopes?

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

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How do isotopes differ in terms of chemical and physical properties?

Isotopes have the same number of electrons in their valence shell, so they have identical chemical properties. However, their different mass numbers lead to different physical properties like density.

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What is the difference between radioactive and non-radioactive isotopes?

Radioactive isotopes are unstable and emit energy, while non-radioactive isotopes are stable.

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What are some uses of radioactive isotopes?

Radioisotopes have various applications, including medical treatment (e.g., cobalt-60 for cancer) and industrial uses (e.g., uranium-235 for nuclear power).

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What is the periodic table?

A table that classifies elements according to their atomic number, revealing their chemical properties and trends. It has 7 horizontal rows (periods) and 18 vertical columns (groups).

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How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

Elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, not their mass number. This arrangement helps predict their properties.

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Noble (Inert) Gases

Elements in Group 0 (VIII) of the periodic table that have a full outer valence shell, making them unreactive. They are not able to lose, gain, or share electrons.

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Alkali Metals

Elements in Group I of the periodic table, highly reactive metals that easily lose one electron to form positive ions.

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Halogens

Elements in Group VII of the periodic table, highly reactive nonmetals that readily gain one electron to form negative ions.

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Earth Alkali Metals

Elements in Group II of the periodic table, reactive metals that tend to lose two electrons to form positive ions.

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Why is helium used in weather balloons instead of hydrogen?

Helium is unreactive and non-flammable, making it safer for use in weather balloons compared to hydrogen, which is highly flammable.

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What is a negative ion?

An atom that gains electrons, resulting in a greater number of electrons than protons, creating a negative charge.

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What is a positive ion?

An atom that loses electrons, resulting in a smaller number of electrons than protons, creating a positive charge.

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How do you identify an atom?

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It determines the element's identity and is constant for a specific element.

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What stays the same when an atom forms an ion?

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus remains unchanged even when an atom forms an ion. This is because protons are located in the nucleus, which is the core of the atom and doesn't change in ion formation.

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What are some physical properties of transition metals?

Transition metals possess several unique properties, including high density, high strength, and high melting points, making them suitable for various applications requiring durability.

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Why do transition metals form colored compounds?

Transition metals typically form colored compounds due to the presence of d-electrons, which can absorb and emit light at different wavelengths, giving rise to various colors.

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What is a catalyst and how do transition metals act as catalysts?

Transition metals can act as catalysts, accelerating chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. This property is essential in various industrial processes and biological reactions.

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Compound

A chemical combination of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio. These substances have properties different from their constituent elements.

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Mixture

A mixture of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded. Each substance retains its original properties.

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Valence Shell

The outermost shell of an atom, which contains the valence electrons that participate in chemical reactions.

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Study Notes

Atomic Structure

  • Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all elements.
  • Atoms are spherical in shape and composed of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  • The nucleus, at the atom's center, contains protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge).
  • Electrons (negative charge) orbit the nucleus in different energy shells.
  • Nucleons are protons and neutrons, concentrated in the nucleus.
  • The atom is electrically neutral because the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
  • Valence electrons are in the outermost shell and participate in chemical reactions.
  • Atomic mass is primarily concentrated in the nucleus.

Elements

  • An element is a pure substance composed of identical atoms.
  • Elements are characterized by their atomic number (Z), which is the number of protons in the nucleus.
  • Each element has a unique symbol, atomic number, and mass number (A), the total number of protons and neutrons.
  • The atomic number uniquely identifies an element.
  • Mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Isotopes

  • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
  • They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
  • Isotopes have identical chemical properties but different physical properties.

Electronic Configuration

  • The electronic configuration describes the arrangement of electrons in different energy shells surrounding the nucleus.
  • Electrons fill shells closest to the nucleus first.
  • The maximum number of electrons in each shell follows the rule 2n².
  • The outermost shell is called the valence shell, and its electrons are involved in chemical reactions.
  • The periodic table is helpful for predicting electronic configurations.

Periodic Table

  • The periodic table organizes elements based on increasing atomic numbers.
  • Elements are grouped into periods (rows) based on the number of electron shells.
  • Elements in the same group have similar properties and the same number of valence electrons.
  • Metallic character generally decreases across a period, and increases down a group.
  • Non-metals generally increase across a period, and decrease down a group.
  • The noble gases (Group 0/Group 18) are virtually unreactive due to their filled valence electron shells.

Properties of Transition Metals

  • Transition metals are generally dense, strong, and have high melting points.
  • Some transition metals form colored compounds and can act as catalysts.
  • Many transition metals have more than one oxidation state.

Ions

  • Ions are charged atoms formed by gaining or losing electrons.
  • Positive ions (cations) are formed by losing electrons (protons > electrons).
  • Negative ions (anions) are formed by gaining electrons (electrons > protons).

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Description

This quiz explores the properties of elements in the periodic table, including metallic character, valence electrons, and electron configuration. Test your knowledge on the characteristics and roles of isotopes, as well as the significance of the periodic table in chemistry.

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