30 Questions
According to the text, what are the subdivisions of the mediastinum?
Anterior, middle, posterior
What is the anatomical relationship between the mediastinum and the lungs?
The mediastinum is located anterior to the lungs
What is the purpose of the transverse thoracic plane?
To divide the superior and inferior portions of the mediastinum
At what vertebral level does the mediastinum begin?
T4/5
What is the joint between the manubrium and body of the sternum called?
Manubriosternal joint
What is the joint between the body and xiphoid process of the sternum called?
Xiphi-sternal joint
What is the palpable landmark used to locate the sternal angle?
Sternal angle
Which layer of the pericardium lines the fibrous sac?
Parietal serous layer
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?
To maintain the heart in place
What is the tissue composition of the fibrous pericardial sac?
Fibrous connective tissue
What separates the esophagus from the heart?
Visceral serous pericardium
Where does the azygous vein drain into the superior vena cava (SVC)?
Left venous angle
What is the oblique pericardial sinus?
A space between the parietal and visceral serous pericardium
What structures are found in the posterior mediastinum?
All of the above
Which vertebral level separates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum?
T4/T5
Which vessels are most anterior in the superior mediastinum?
Brachiocephalic veins
What is the primary occupant of the anterior mediastinum in adults?
Inferior portion of the thymus or thymic remnants
Which structures are found in the middle mediastinum?
Heart and fibrous and serous pericardia
Which vessels terminate in the middle mediastinum?
Inferior ½ of Superior Vena Cava and termination of the azygous vein
Which nerves are found in the middle mediastinum?
Phrenic nerves and accompanying pericardiophrenic vessels
What is the relationship between the fibrous pericardial sac and the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm?
Fused to the superior surface of the thoracoabdominal diaphragm
Which vessels are branches of the subclavian vessels?
Internal thoracic arteries and accompanying veins
Where do the internal thoracic vessels run?
Along the inside of the ribcage on either side of the sternum
Are the internal thoracic vessels themselves in the mediastinum?
No
What is the purpose of the axial CT sections shown in the text?
To provide a key for identifying structures in the chest
What landmark is useful for locating the tracheobronchial lymph nodes?
The clavicle
At what vertebral level is the transverse section through the heart shown in the text?
T-8
What part(s) of the mediastinum do the tracheobronchial lymph nodes occupy?
Posterior mediastinum
Why is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve not symptomatic in thoracic pathologies to the extent that the left recurrent is?
The right recurrent laryngeal nerve has a different anatomical course
What structures and features are provided on the session structure list?
The contents of the posterior mediastinum
Test your knowledge of the pericardium layers and their functions with this quiz! Learn about the fibrous, parietal serous, and visceral serous layers and their roles in protecting and stabilizing the heart. Challenge yourself to understand the relationship between the heart and the pericardial sac.
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