Questions and Answers
Which depth cue(s) is/are associated with the changes made in the shape of the lens as Merrill brings objects into focus?
Of the oculomotor depth cues, convergence is _____ than accommodation.
What depth cue could be classified as a binocular cue and an oculomotor cue?
When your professor stands behind a podium, which depth cue explains why the professor appears further away?
Signup and view all the answers
Which depth cue most influenced Bryce's perception of Yao Ming and Jeff VanGundy's distances?
Signup and view all the answers
Vinod perceives buildings closer to him as sharper and those further away as hazier. Which depth cue is this an example of?
Signup and view all the answers
Epstein's results showed that familiar size is most effective when:
Signup and view all the answers
As Tyler looks down a railroad track, he perceives the side of the tracks as converging. This is an example of:
Signup and view all the answers
Motion parallax is most accurately described as:
Signup and view all the answers
Deletion and accretion are _____ when viewing non-moving displays.
Signup and view all the answers
Which depth cue is effective both from 0-2 meters and above 20 meters?
Signup and view all the answers
Depth perception created by input from both eyes is defined as:
Signup and view all the answers
Conditions where movements between the two eyes are not coordinated are described as:
Signup and view all the answers
Individuals with misaligned eyes have difficulty perceiving depth because:
Signup and view all the answers
The imaginary plane in which all objects project to corresponding points in the left and right retina is called:
Signup and view all the answers
The difference in the images in the two eyes; the impression of depth that results from this information is:
Signup and view all the answers
A stereoscope provides the illusion of depth in 2-D images by:
Signup and view all the answers
The depth cue responsible for perceiving depth in '3-D' movies is:
Signup and view all the answers
When using 3-D glasses at a movie, the lenses separate images so that each eye receives only one image. This separation is most often achieved using:
Signup and view all the answers
The importance of random dot stereograms is that these stimuli rely solely on:
Signup and view all the answers
The correspondence problem is best demonstrated by:
Signup and view all the answers
Blake and Hirsch (1975) used selective rearing of kittens to show that:
Signup and view all the answers
When Uka and DeAngelis microstimulated disparity-selective neurons in a monkey, the monkey made a behavioral depth response based on:
Signup and view all the answers
The anecdote about the pilot misjudging the size of an object in whiteout conditions is related to which research study?
Signup and view all the answers
The approximate visual angle of the width of your thumb held at arm's length is _____ degrees.
Signup and view all the answers
Holway and Boring found that size constancy:
Signup and view all the answers
The size-distance scaling equation is $S = K(R x D)$. The 'S' in the equation stands for:
Signup and view all the answers
The size-distance scaling equation explains Emmert's Law because:
Signup and view all the answers
Myranda looks at a photograph of a truck. Which statement best describes her perception?
Signup and view all the answers
If you hold one quarter about 12 inches from your eyes, and another quarter at arm's length, how will they be perceived when:
Signup and view all the answers
According to Gregory's misapplied size constancy scaling hypothesis, we perceive the 'arrows pointing out' version of the Müller-Lyer illusion as:
Signup and view all the answers
Gregory's misapplied size constancy scaling explanation of the Müller-Lyer illusion:
Signup and view all the answers
According to Day's 'conflicting cues theory', the perception of vertical line lengths depends on:
Signup and view all the answers
The depth cue of ____ is the most important in the Ponzo (railroad track) illusion.
Signup and view all the answers
The key to the Ames Room illusion is that:
Signup and view all the answers
The size-distance scaling equation explains the Ames Room illusion because:
Signup and view all the answers
A major assumption of the apparent-distance theory of the moon illusion is that the sky overhead:
Signup and view all the answers
According to the _____ theory of the moon illusion, the overhead moon appears smaller when it is surrounded by a large amount of sky.
Signup and view all the answers
A ________ is able to make use of binocular disparity because it has ____ eyes.
Signup and view all the answers
Bats are able to determine depth by using:
Signup and view all the answers
An insect is most likely to use _____ to perceive depth.
Signup and view all the answers
The ability to use binocular disparity as a depth cue:
Signup and view all the answers
Fox et al. (1980) found that the ability to use binocular disparity develops between:
Signup and view all the answers
In their study on infant use of familiar size as a depth cue, Granrud et al. used _____ as the stimuli, and _____ as the dependent measure.
Signup and view all the answers
Ambrozia is a four-month-old infant. Which depth cue is she most likely able to use?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Depth Cues Overview
- Oculomotor Cues: Include accommodation and convergence; important for near objects.
- Convergence: More effective than accommodation for depth perception.
- Binocular Cues: Include stereopsis and depth perception created by input from both eyes.
Key Depth Cues
- Occlusion: Occurs when one object blocks another, indicating depth.
- Familiar Size: Recognition based on prior knowledge of an object’s size and perspective.
- Atmospheric Perspective: Distant objects appear hazy or blurred, indicating depth.
Visual Illusions
- Ponzo Illusion: Perspective convergence significantly influences the perception of size in this illusion.
- Ames Room: Constructed to seem rectangular, misleading depth cues cause distortion in size perception.
- Müller-Lyer Illusion: Misapplied size constancy contributes to the perception of differing lengths.
Stereopsis and Binocular Disparity
- Binocular Disparity: Crucial for depth perception; the difference in images between the two eyes.
- Stereoscopic Depth Perception: Achieved through slight differences in images presented to each eye.
- Random Dot Stereograms: Used to test binocular disparity; stimuli reliant solely on disparity for depth perception.
Development and Importance of Depth Cues
- Development of Binocular Disparity: Begins around 3.5 to 6 months in infants; significant for depth perception.
- Selective Rearing Studies: Showed the necessity of disparity-selective neurons for stereopsis.
Environmental and Contextual Influences
- Size-Distance Scaling Equation: Describes how perceived size (S) relates to physical size (K), retinal image size (R), and perceived distance (D).
- Apparent-Distance Theory: Explains moon illusion; overhead moon appears smaller due to surrounding sky perception.
Motion and Depth Perception
- Motion Parallax: Near objects appear to move faster than distant objects, providing depth cues during movement.
- Deletion and Accretion: Effective for detecting depth through changes in visible objects as one moves sideways.
Visual Angle and Perception
- Visual Angle: Width of an object perceived from a distance; thumb held at arm's length is approximately 2 degrees.
- Perception Variability: Influenced by known sizes of nearby objects and the viewing conditions.
Eye Disorders and Depth Perception
- Strabismus: Misalignment of eyes affecting depth perception due to reliance on one eye's input to avoid double vision.
Depth Cue Limitations and Applications
- Limitations of Familiar Size: Works best when depth cues are available; perception may vary without context.
- Use of Polarized Light in 3D Movies: Enhances depth perception by allowing each eye to see different overlapping images.
Miscellaneous
- Echolocation in Bats: Used for depth perception; an alternative to visual cues.
- Insect Depth Perception: Relies primarily on movement parallax due to their eye structure.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on depth cues in perception with these flashcards from Chapter 10. Focus on concepts like accommodation, convergence, and other oculomotor cues as you learn about visual processing. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of perceptual psychology.
