Peptic Ulcers and H. pylori Quiz

<p>Manifestation of bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stop smoking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sedentary lifestyle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe chest pain radiating to the arm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive caffeine intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncomfortable fullness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30 to 60 minutes after a meal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain relieved by food or antacids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain exacerbated by food intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are well-nourished (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Awakening with pain during the night (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stool sample for H.pylori antigen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematemeisis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Below the expected reference range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remain NPO prior to the test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptic ulcer disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clients need to be NPO for 6 to 8 hours prior to the exam. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor vital signs until sedation wears off. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perforation indicated by pain, bleeding, or fever. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To check for the presence of H. pylori bacteria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gag reflex should return before fluids are given. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orthostatic changes in vital signs and tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging caffeine consumption to improve alertness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoiding stress and eliminating smoking and alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and coagulation studies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreasing environmental stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To suppress gastric acid secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Famotidine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete the full course of medication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravenous administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete the prescribed regimen regardless of symptom improvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of osteoporosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Once a day before breakfast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensure the tablets are not crushed or chewed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consuming alcohol and NSAIDs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of Clostridium difficile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constipation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 to 2 hours before or after other medications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutralizing stomach acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnesium hydroxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforce the intended effect of the antacid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sucralfate protects ulcers by coating them from pepsin and acid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensure the client takes it on an empty stomach. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a harmless side effect of the medication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constipation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirin products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To decrease gastric acid production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrojejunostomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor vital signs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duodenal perforation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintain NPO status (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semi-Fowler’s position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Take vitamin and mineral supplements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurrence of black stools or coffee ground emesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Notifying the provider before repositioning or irrigating the tube (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NSAIDs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe epigastric pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prepare the client for a surgical intervention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiating pain into the right shoulder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diminished bowel sounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deficiency of intrinsic factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dizziness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assist the patient to lie down (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Octreotide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monthly vitamin B12 injections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within 30 minutes after eating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palpitations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shakiness and feelings of anxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid emptying of gastric contents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea and sweating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-protein, high-fat, low-fiber, low-carbohydrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lying down after meals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluids should be eliminated for 1 hour before and after meals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sugary foods like fruit juice and milk shakes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eat small, frequent meals throughout the day. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scarring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent vomiting of undigested food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insert an NG tube for gastric decompression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent readmission due to dehydration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrolyte imbalance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Erosion of the stomach, esophagus, or duodenum's mucosal lining.

Condition resulting from a peptic ulcer.

Gram-negative bacteria, often cause peptic ulcers.

Ulcers caused by acute, stressful events (burns, shock etc.).

Medication that reduces stomach acid to prevent stress ulcers.

Peptic ulcers are caused by a breakdown of the stomach or duodenal lining due to factors like H. pylori infection, NSAID use, stress, or hypersecretion of gastric acid.

Typical symptoms include: heartburn, bloating, nausea, and a dull, gnawing pain in the stomach. Vomiting is rare but can occur.

A common cause of peptic ulcers. It is a bacteria that weakens the stomach lining, making it susceptible to acid damage.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and naproxen can irritate the stomach and contribute to ulcer development.

A rare condition characterized by severe peptic ulcers due to overproduction of gastric acid caused by tumors in the pancreas.

Pain that often occurs 30 to 60 minutes after a meal. It may also occur at night, and is worsened by eating.

Pain that usually occurs 1.5 to 3 hours after a meal. It may wake you up at night, and gets better after eating.

Malnourishment is a key symptom of a gastric ulcer, as the pain makes eating difficult.

A person with a duodenal ulcer is often well-nourished because eating relieves their pain.

Hematemesis (vomiting blood) and melena (dark, tarry stools) are signs of bleeding ulcers.

This test identifies the presence of H. pylori, a common cause of peptic ulcers. Samples are collected from the stomach during an endoscopy to test for the bacteria.

This breath test measures the level of carbon dioxide in your breath after drinking a urea solution. If H. pylori is present, it breaks down the urea, releasing carbon dioxide.

A test for microscopic blood in the stool, which can indicate bleeding from a peptic ulcer.

NPO means 'nothing by mouth'. Patients typically need to be NPO before certain tests, such as the urea breath test, to ensure accurate results.

These blood tests measure the levels of red blood cells and the protein that carries oxygen. Low levels can indicate blood loss due to a bleeding peptic ulcer.

An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a procedure that allows doctors to view the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using a thin, flexible tube with a camera. It's used to diagnose and assess peptic ulcers.

EGD's primary goal in peptic ulcer disease is to confirm the diagnosis. It helps determine the ulcer's location, size, and severity. Samples can be collected to test for H. pylori infection, which is a common cause of ulcers.

EGD can be repeated after treatment for peptic ulcers to check if they're healing properly. It allows doctors to monitor the effectiveness of medications or other interventions.

After an EGD, the patient's vital signs need careful monitoring until sedation wears off. They should be kept NPO (no food or drink) until their gag reflex returns. Watch for signs of possible complications like perforation.

Before an EGD, the patient needs to be NPO (no food or drink) for 6 to 8 hours. This helps ensure a clear view during the procedure.

Patients with peptic ulcers should avoid foods that cause distress, such as coffee, tea, and carbonated beverages. These foods can irritate the stomach lining and worsen symptoms.

Monitor for orthostatic changes in vital signs (blood pressure and pulse) and tachycardia, as these signs can indicate gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation.

Medications for peptic ulcers are administered as prescribed. These medications can include proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2 receptor antagonists, and antibiotics.

Decrease environmental stress by providing a quiet and calm environment for the patient. Encourage rest periods and avoid unnecessary interruptions.

Monitor laboratory results, especially hemoglobin, hematocrit, and coagulation studies. These tests can indicate blood loss or clotting abnormalities.

A combination of two or three antibiotics, like metronidazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or tetracycline, is used to eliminate the H. pylori infection, a common cause of peptic ulcers.

These medications, like famotidine, cimetidine, and nizatidine, reduce stomach acid by blocking H2 receptors in the stomach lining.

The primary goal is to heal the ulcer, which usually involves both antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori and acid-suppressing medications.

Famotidine can be given intravenously in acute situations to rapidly reduce stomach acid.

Clients should complete the full course of medication as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the ulcer heals completely.

Generally safe with minimal side effects.

Can increase risk of fractures, pneumonia, rebound acid, and Clostridium difficile infection.

Enteric-coated tablets, shouldn't be crushed.

Avoid alcohol and irritating medications (NSAIDs), complete the prescribed regimen even if symptoms improve.

Antacids like aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide neutralize stomach acid, providing temporary relief from pain. However, they do not promote healing of the ulcer.

Antacids can be given 7 times daily, 1 to 3 hours after meals and at bedtime, for optimal acid neutralization related to food intake.

Aluminum hydroxide can cause constipation, while magnesium hydroxide can cause diarrhea.

Administer antacids at least 1 to 2 hours apart from other medications to prevent interference with their absorption.

Instruct clients to take medications at least 1 to 2 hours before or after taking antacids to ensure proper absorption of all medications.

Sucralfate acts as a protective barrier over the ulcer, blocking the damaging effects of pepsin and acid.

Bismuth subsalicylate prevents H. pylori from attaching to the stomach lining, stopping infection.

Mucosal protectants like sucralfate and bismuth subsalicylate should be taken on an empty stomach, 1 hour before meals and at bedtime.

Bismuth subsalicylate can cause dark, tarry stools, but this is harmless and temporary.

Avoid aspirin products while taking bismuth subsalicylate to prevent salicylate toxicity.

During an EGD, areas of bleeding ulcers can be treated with epinephrine to constrict blood vessels or laser coagulation to seal the bleeding point.

Surgery for ulcers might be necessary if medical treatment doesn't work after 12-16 weeks, if there's heavy bleeding (hemorrhage), a hole in the stomach (perforation), or if food can't pass through (obstruction).

A gastrectomy involves removing all or part of the stomach, either with a laparoscope (small incisions) or an open surgery.

This operation cuts out the lower part of the stomach, then connects the remaining stomach to the small intestine, and closes off the duodenum.

Cutting the vagus nerve reduces acid production in the stomach, often done laparoscopically to minimize complications.

A position where the head of the bed is raised 30-45 degrees to facilitate lung expansion and promote drainage. It's often used after abdominal surgery to improve breathing.

The process of emptying the stomach contents through a tube inserted through the nose and into the stomach.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can irritate the stomach lining and worsen ulcer development. They can also contribute to poor wound healing after surgery.

Clients need to take supplements after a gastrectomy because the stomach's ability to absorb nutrients is reduced.

Clients should avoid large quantities of carbohydrates, acidic foods (milk, coffee, spicy foods), and alcohol. These can irritate the stomach and slow down healing.

Hematemesis (vomiting blood) and melena (dark, tarry stools) are signs of a bleeding ulcer.

Severe epigastric pain spreading across the abdomen, radiating to the right shoulder, rebound tenderness, and boardlike abdomen.

Frequent assessments of pain and vital signs, oxygen and ventilator support as needed, two large-bore IV lines for fluid and blood replacement, reporting findings, preparing for endoscopy or surgery, replacing fluid and blood losses to maintain blood pressure, inserting a nasogastric tube, and providing saline lavages.

Bleeding from the digestive system, usually presenting as hematemesis or melena.

A surgical procedure to remove all or part of the stomach using small incisions and a laparoscope.

A type of anemia caused by a deficiency of intrinsic factor, a substance needed to absorb vitamin B12. This leads to problems with red blood cell production.

A condition that occurs after stomach surgery, usually gastrectomy, where food empties too quickly into the small intestine, causing symptoms like nausea, dizziness, and diarrhea.

A medication used to treat dumping syndrome by blocking hormones that contribute to the rapid emptying of the stomach.

A medication used to treat dumping syndrome by slowing down the absorption of carbohydrates.

After a gastrectomy, patients require special care, including dietary restrictions, vitamin supplements, and monitoring for complications like dumping syndrome.

Symptoms that occur within 30 minutes of eating, including nausea, vomiting, sweating, dizziness, and tachycardia.

Symptoms that occur 1.5 to 3 hours after eating, including dizziness, sweating, tachycardia, palpitations, shakiness, feelings of anxiety, and confusion.

Rapid emptying of food from the stomach into the small intestine due to surgical changes, causing an excessive insulin release and blood sugar fluctuations.

Large quantities of carbohydrates, acidic foods (milk, coffee, spicy foods), and alcohol are often restricted after surgery to help manage symptoms.

Dumping syndrome is a condition that can develop after stomach surgery, usually a gastrectomy, where food empties too quickly from the stomach into the small intestine, causing symptoms like nausea, dizziness, and diarrhea.

Early symptoms of dumping syndrome usually occur within 30 minutes after eating and include nausea, vomiting, sweating, dizziness, and tachycardia (rapid heart rate).

Late symptoms of dumping syndrome occur 1.5 to 3 hours after eating and include dizziness, sweating, tachycardia, palpitations, shakiness, feelings of anxiety, and confusion.

Dumping syndrome is caused by rapid emptying of food from the stomach into the small intestine due to surgical changes. This causes excessive insulin release and blood sugar fluctuations leading to the symptoms.

Dietary changes for dumping syndrome include avoiding large quantities of carbohydrates, acidic foods (milk, coffee, spicy foods), and alcohol. These foods can worsen symptoms.

Scarring, edema, or spasm in the area just after the pyloric sphincter prevents the stomach from emptying.

Feeling full, distended, nauseous after eating, and vomiting undigested food.

An NG tube is inserted to drain stomach contents and relieve pressure.

Closely watch for fluid and electrolyte imbalances due to vomiting and lack of food intake.

Relieving pressure in the stomach by removing its contents, often using an NG tube.