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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of a penetration tester?
What is the primary role of a penetration tester?
Which of the following is NOT a form of cybercrime as per legal definitions provided?
Which of the following is NOT a form of cybercrime as per legal definitions provided?
How does network intrusion commonly begin?
How does network intrusion commonly begin?
What can be a consequence of sharing a Netflix account in certain states of the US?
What can be a consequence of sharing a Netflix account in certain states of the US?
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What does the term 'cyberterrorists' refer to?
What does the term 'cyberterrorists' refer to?
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What is a primary objective of conducting a penetration test?
What is a primary objective of conducting a penetration test?
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Which of the following types of penetration testing simulates an external attack?
Which of the following types of penetration testing simulates an external attack?
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What aspect does social engineering testing primarily focus on?
What aspect does social engineering testing primarily focus on?
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Why is obtaining written authorization for a penetration test crucial?
Why is obtaining written authorization for a penetration test crucial?
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During which type of penetration test does the pentester have full knowledge of the target?
During which type of penetration test does the pentester have full knowledge of the target?
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What is typically included in the permissions contract for a penetration test?
What is typically included in the permissions contract for a penetration test?
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Which of the following best describes Grey-Box Testing?
Which of the following best describes Grey-Box Testing?
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Which component is NOT typically included in the penetration testing authorization?
Which component is NOT typically included in the penetration testing authorization?
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What type of cybercrime is committed when one deceives individuals into providing their bank account details through email?
What type of cybercrime is committed when one deceives individuals into providing their bank account details through email?
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Which type of cybercrime involves searching through trash bins to find discarded documents containing sensitive information?
Which type of cybercrime involves searching through trash bins to find discarded documents containing sensitive information?
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What type of cybercrime is characterized by creating a computer virus that infects devices and steals information?
What type of cybercrime is characterized by creating a computer virus that infects devices and steals information?
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What type of cybercrime involves altering financial records to redirect funds to a personal account?
What type of cybercrime involves altering financial records to redirect funds to a personal account?
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When flooding a website's server with excessive traffic, what type of cybercrime is being committed?
When flooding a website's server with excessive traffic, what type of cybercrime is being committed?
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What is one reason companies might use subdomains?
What is one reason companies might use subdomains?
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What is the primary purpose of a Risk Mitigation Plan (RMP)?
What is the primary purpose of a Risk Mitigation Plan (RMP)?
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Which of the following tools is more effective for finding subdomains?
Which of the following tools is more effective for finding subdomains?
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What type of information can be gathered from websites during intelligence gathering?
What type of information can be gathered from websites during intelligence gathering?
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Which element is NOT part of the CIA triad?
Which element is NOT part of the CIA triad?
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What is a key consequence of inadequate intelligence gathering?
What is a key consequence of inadequate intelligence gathering?
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What is the purpose of the Wayback Machine?
What is the purpose of the Wayback Machine?
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How can gaining access to one website on a server be advantageous?
How can gaining access to one website on a server be advantageous?
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What should an organization focus on when developing an RMP?
What should an organization focus on when developing an RMP?
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What does the term 'unauthorized alteration' refer to in the context of the Anti CIA triad?
What does the term 'unauthorized alteration' refer to in the context of the Anti CIA triad?
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According to the intelligence gathering process, what is essential to detect useful information?
According to the intelligence gathering process, what is essential to detect useful information?
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How can reputation loss occur due to poor intelligence gathering?
How can reputation loss occur due to poor intelligence gathering?
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What aspect is critical to ensure when keeping information available as per the CIA triad?
What aspect is critical to ensure when keeping information available as per the CIA triad?
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Study Notes
Penetration Testing
- Penetration Tester (Pen Tester): A security professional, often referred to as a white hat hacker, who legally tests and assesses security vulnerabilities within an organization.
- Ethical Hacking: A synonymous term for penetration testing, emphasizing the legal and ethical nature of the activity.
Categories of Cybercrime
- Identity Theft: Stealing personal information for illegal purposes, such as financial gain.
- Theft of Service: Using services (like phone, internet, streaming) without authorization, often involving password cracking.
- Network Intrusion or Unauthorized Access: Gaining unauthorized access to a network, often the precursor to other cybercrimes.
- Posting/Transmitting Illegal Material: Sharing pirated software, movies, or child pornography.
Penetration Testing Methodology
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Determining Objectives and Scope:
- Clearly defining the goals of the test (e.g., security weaknesses, policy compliance, incident response capabilities).
- Establishing the specific systems and areas to be evaluated.
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Choosing the Type of Test:
- Black-Box Testing (External Test): The pentester has limited knowledge of the target, simulating an external attacker.
- Grey-Box Testing: The pentester has some limited knowledge of the target (e.g., operating system).
- White-Box Testing (Internal Test): The pentester has full knowledge of the target, simulating an insider attack.
-
Gaining Permission via Contract:
- Obtaining written authorization to perform the pentest, outlining systems, risks, timeframe, deliverables, and actions to be taken when issues arise.
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Performing Penetration Testing:
- Involves steps 4.1 to 4.6.
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Creating a Risk Mitigation Plan (RMP):
- Developing strategies to reduce threats and enhance opportunities within the organization.
- Documenting the actions taken, results, interpretations, and recommendations.
-
Cleaning Up Changes:
- Reverting any changes made during the test to maintain system integrity.
CIA Triad
- Confidentiality: Protecting information from unauthorized access.
- Integrity: Ensuring information remains accurate and unaltered.
- Availability: Guaranteeing access to information and resources when needed.
Anti CIA Triad
- Improper Disclosure: Accidental or malicious leaking of information.
- Unauthorized Alteration: Accidental or malicious modification of information.
- Disruption: Accidental or malicious interference with information and resources.
Intelligence Gathering
- Purpose: Used by pen testers to gather information about a target for later exploitation.
-
Techniques:
- Subdomain Discovery: Finding additional websites associated with a target.
- Electronic Dumpster Diving: Finding outdated web pages through archive websites like the Wayback Machine.
- Website Analysis: Identifying personnel, email addresses, physical addresses, job postings, and other details.
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Consequences of Poor Security:
- Reputation/Business loss
- Information leakage
- Privacy loss
Subdomains
- Reasons for Websites to Use Subdomains:
- Organization of Content
- "Hiding" Content (e.g., beta versions)
- Tools for Searching for Subdomains:
- searchdns.netcraft.com
- pentest-tools.com/information-gathering/find-subdomains-of-domain
Website Analysis Tools:
- Yougetsignal.com: Allows you to find websites sharing the same IP address as a given website.
- Wayback Machine: Archives internet history and allows access to old web pages.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of penetration testing and its significance in the domain of cybersecurity. This quiz covers key concepts such as ethical hacking, categories of cybercrime, and the methodologies involved in security assessments. Gain insights into legal and ethical considerations while defending against cyber threats.
