Penalties for Unprofessional Conduct in Surveying
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Questions and Answers

What is the timeframe within which a person can appeal a direction to the Federal High Court?

  • 30 days
  • 28 days (correct)
  • 14 days
  • 21 days

    • Under what condition does a direction from the Disciplinary Committee take effect immediately?

  • When the appeal is delayed
  • When the person is notified
  • When the appeal is won
  • When the person does not appeal (correct)

    • What happens to a person whose name is removed from the register due to a direction?

  • They can reapply immediately.
  • They are permanently barred from reapplication.
  • They can appeal for re-registration without conditions.
  • They can only be registered again with specific direction. (correct)

    • Which of the following acts is considered an offense under this Act?

    <p>Using a title without being registered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes a legal offense in relation to false statements for registration?

    <p>Making a false statement in a material particular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could prevent a person from applying for re-registration after being removed from the register?

    <p>A prohibition specified in the direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario allows the Disciplinary Committee to be deemed a party in an appeal?

    <p>When costs are to be considered in the appeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an offense regarding the implication of professional status?

    <p>Using a title implying registration without being registered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition can a registered person be penalized for infamous conduct in a professional respect?

    <p>If adjudged by the Disciplinary Committee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions can the Disciplinary Committee take if a registered surveyor is convicted of an incompatible offence?

    <p>Strike the surveyor's name off the register.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum period the Disciplinary Committee can suspend a surveyor from practice?

    <p>Six months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What requirement must be met for a conviction to be considered valid under the regulations?

    <p>No appeal or further appeal may be pending.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a possible direction the Disciplinary Committee can provide?

    <p>Permanent disqualification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Disciplinary Committee consider when determining if registration has been done fraudulently?

    <p>Proof of authentic documentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the registrar concerning the decisions made by the Disciplinary Committee?

    <p>To implement the committee's directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario would allow a member of the Disciplinary Committee to participate in a decision regarding a deferred case?

    <p>If the member was present when the decision was deferred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the legal consequences for a person guilty of falsification related to the register maintained under the Act?

    <p>A fine not exceeding N500 and additional fines for continuing offences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the entitlement to practice as a surveyor is correct?

    <p>A registered surveyor can practice to the extent of their specific qualifications throughout the Federation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What responsibility do institutions of higher learning have regarding students seeking registration as surveyors?

    <p>They are required to inform the Council of students' attendance in courses by March 31 every year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a body corporate commits an offence under the Act, who else can be held liable?

    <p>A director, manager, secretary, or similarly responsible officer associated with the body corporate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What penalties can a continuing offence incur in a High Court?

    <p>A fine not exceeding N1,000 plus daily fines for continued offences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prohibited for individuals who are not registered surveyors in relation to fees?

    <p>They cannot seek recovery for any fees associated with acting as a registered surveyor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Act stipulate about falsification by the registrar or associated personnel?

    <p>It is classified as a serious offence with specific legal repercussions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum daily fine for a continuing offence under a magistrate's court ruling?

    <p>N50 per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What group of individuals is NOT allowed to practice survey work in Nigeria?

    <p>Unregistered individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must all survey works in Nigeria include according to the guidelines?

    <p>Pillar/beacon numbers issued by the Council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is entitled to give expert evidence in land litigation cases in Nigeria?

    <p>Registered Surveyors only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to a Registered Surveyor's practice?

    <p>They can practice with suspended status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which condition can a surveyor be restricted from carrying out survey works?

    <p>Suspension by the Council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of maintaining accurate geospatial data for the government?

    <p>To serve and protect the public interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for issuing guidelines for the conduct of survey practice in Nigeria?

    <p>Surveyors Council of Nigeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the consequences of the noncompliance with the minimum standards of survey practice in Nigeria?

    <p>Increase in land conflicts and loss of property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is accurate regarding the eligibility to practice survey work?

    <p>Only registered individuals can be engaged for survey work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity is primarily responsible for setting the standards for survey practices in Nigeria?

    <p>Surveyors Council of Nigeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Surveyors Registration Council of Nigeria Act aim to address?

    <p>Proper conduct and compliance in survey practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has influenced the increase in noncompliant survey practices according to the Council?

    <p>Unilateral promulgation of policies by various actors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the Surveyors Registration Council of Nigeria issue the Guidelines for the Conduct of Survey Practice?

    <p>16th July, 2020</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a direct consequence of engaging unregistered individuals as surveyors?

    <p>Inaccuracy in survey outputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the guidelines set forth by the Surveyors Council of Nigeria?

    <p>To establish minimum standards for survey practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What likely impact does the council fear from the continued disregard for proper surveying practices?

    <p>Land disputes and resultant loss of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Offices of Surveyors General after they disengage from practical survey works?

    <p>Serving as policy and regulatory offices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence does an institution face for not complying with submission requirements by March 31st?

    <p>Loss of accreditation and denial of registration for graduates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must registered surveyors do to maintain their eligibility to practice?

    <p>Constantly update their knowledge and skills through MCPD courses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for monitoring compliance with the guidelines set forth?

    <p>Monitoring teams sent by the Council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional requirement must institutions submit to the Registrar at the beginning of each academic year?

    <p>A training timetable and course contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which office is NOT included in the list of approved offices for overseeing survey activities?

    <p>Department of Land and Resource Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of professional practice do the offices referred to in the guidelines coordinate?

    <p>Professional practice coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trigger unscheduled visits by the Council to institutions of higher learning?

    <p>To supervise instructions and monitor examinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the types of data managed by the Offices of Surveyors General?

    <p>Cadastral, engineering, hydrographic, and GIS data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen if survey works are not lodged within the specified timeframe of one month?

    <p>Possible penalties for the surveyor involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is NOT eligible to practice survey profession in Nigeria?

    <p>Graduate Engineers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must accompany all public and private survey works in Nigeria according to the guidelines?

    <p>Pillar/beacon numbers issued by the Council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what specific condition could a Registered Surveyor be prohibited from practicing?

    <p>If placed on suspension by the Council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices is exclusively reserved for Registered Surveyors in Nigeria?

    <p>Preparing plans for litigation and giving expert evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary consequences of noncompliance with survey practice standards in Nigeria?

    <p>Production of inaccurate geospatial data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is primarily responsible for ensuring that standards of survey practice are maintained in Nigeria?

    <p>Surveyors Council of Nigeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been identified as a contributing factor to the increase in noncompliance within survey practices?

    <p>Unilateral policy changes by various actors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of a Registered Surveyor in Nigeria?

    <p>Performing surveys under a mentorship program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the reasons for the establishment of guidelines by the Surveyors Council of Nigeria?

    <p>To protect national interests and public revenue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity is primarily responsible for setting the standards for survey practices in Nigeria?

    <p>Surveyors Registration Council of Nigeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity maintains the official list of Surveyors Eligible to Practice in Nigeria?

    <p>Surveyors Council of Nigeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must all survey works in Nigeria comply with according to the guidelines?

    <p>Minimum national standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct consequence of employing unregistered individuals for surveying tasks?

    <p>Increased land conflicts and legal disputes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Surveyors Registration Council of Nigeria intend to fulfill according to the guidelines?

    <p>Enhance compliance and accountability in survey practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for institutions of higher learning regarding surveyor registration?

    <p>Submission of student registration data annually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the 'Guidelines for the Conduct of Survey Practice in Nigeria' officially issued?

    <p>16th July, 2020</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action must a person in charge of a university take regarding the training of prospective surveyors?

    <p>Provide a list of course participants to the Registrar by March 31st.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role is NOT assigned to the Offices of Surveyors General after disengagement from practical survey work?

    <p>Conducting field surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must institutions offering survey training submit at the start of each academic year?

    <p>Their training timetable and course contents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of professional development is considered necessary for surveyors to maintain their eligibility to practice?

    <p>Attendance of the Council's organized MCPD courses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the approved offices for overseeing survey activities?

    <p>Institute of Surveyors in Nigeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which consequence is stated for institutions that fail to comply with the reporting requirements?

    <p>Their graduates will be denied registration by the Council.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the monitoring teams sent by the Council?

    <p>To ensure compliance with the guidelines set forth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for the Council's approval of survey offices and institutions?

    <p>They must align with the Council's ethical guidelines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Council empowered to do with regards to the guidelines?

    <p>Revise them periodically as necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the lodging of survey records is accurate?

    <p>All survey records must be lodged within one month of completion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum offset length allowed when recording leaf details in surveying?

    <p>30m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be included in the field book when conducting a survey?

    <p>Sketches by the observer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for computing azimuths in large scale/cadastral surveys?

    <p>Following prescribed calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what unit should areas be computed for M.L. in surveying?

    <p>Hectares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT to be included in a surveying plan?

    <p>Surveyor's personal comments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be recorded regarding the measuring equipment used during the survey?

    <p>Type and date of standardization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a surveyor certify in the field book for the observed values?

    <p>The values are the result of observations made in the field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should alterations be made in a manual field book according to surveying regulations?

    <p>By crossing through the old value and signing next to it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the upper portion of a mining beacon?

    <p>25 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum area that a mining lease can cover?

    <p>Not more than is necessary for mining the contained minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of beacon is to be marked when prospecting on the ground?

    <p>Location Beacon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following colour conventions is used for corner beacons?

    <p>Double Red Circles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum total width allowed for mining rights concerning a stream or river?

    <p>30 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main document is required to be submitted for survey records?

    <p>Traverse Sheets with coordinates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marking indicates the uppermost position of a stream under mining rights?

    <p>Upper Beacon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For lengths greater than 8 kilometers, what is the appropriate scale to use?

    <p>1:50,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element must be recorded on the top of a mushroom-shaped mining beacon?

    <p>Directional Arrows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the underground portion of a mining beacon?

    <p>15 cm in diameter and 20 cm deep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be established before re-capping a lapsed lease?

    <p>Replacement of any misplaced or missing beacons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently can a mining right be renewed once granted?

    <p>Annually, subject to total length not exceeding 1.6 kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a property beacon coincides with a corner beacon, what should be done?

    <p>Install an extra large mining beacon around it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which beacon is used to indicate the lower end of the stream on a mining site?

    <p>Lower Beacon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the scale 1:5,000 in terms of survey precision?

    <p>Indicates a highly detailed depiction of small areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles the surveyor must perform upon re-issuance of a mining lease?

    <p>Sign a certificate confirming the surveying status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum distance between Property Boundary Beacons in layouts?

    <p>250m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is suitable for surveying property boundaries?

    <p>Closed Theodolite/Total Station traverses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an accurate observation standard for angular observations during surveying?

    <p>Minimum of 10'' graduation interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specification is required for the placement of beacons at boundary corners?

    <p>Boundary corners must not have beacons where walls exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How must adjacent Property Boundary Beacons be positioned concerning visibility?

    <p>Adjacent beacons must be intervisible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum linear accuracy allowed after azimuth adjustment for surveying boundaries?

    <p>1/5,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be carved and painted on the boundary wall where it intersects with a survey line?

    <p>A cross 'X' with identification number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition applies when demarcating corners in fenced layouts next to a road?

    <p>A nail should be driven into the wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum length required for a line over which an azimuth is to be observed?

    <p>Two hundred metres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the content of field books?

    <p>Personal notes and comments by the observer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an acceptable procedure for altering values in a manual field book?

    <p>Cross through the old value and write the new value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about azimuth computations is correct?

    <p>Computations must include azimuth when necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowed adjustment in true horizontal distance measurement?

    <p>Nearest third decimal place of a metre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be included in every field record according to the standards?

    <p>Certificates endorsed by the Surveyor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a traverse leg to be considered appropriate length, which condition must be met?

    <p>Must be permanently beaconed at both ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary action if digital equipment is utilized in surveying?

    <p>Produce a hard copy format of processed data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done when surveying irregular property boundaries near a river?

    <p>Take the traverse line as close to the river as possible on pegs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maximum allowed bearing closure at Azimuth checkpoints must not exceed how many seconds?

    <p>30&quot;√ N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is preferred for linear measurements on rough terrain?

    <p>Catenary taping method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of property boundary surveys, what is the purpose of placing beacons well above flood levels?

    <p>To comply with statutory regulations concerning property boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What requirement is specified for surveying properties that are co-terminous with road reserves?

    <p>Beacons must be at a perpendicular distance conforming to the Right of Way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard error allowance for linear measurements in surveying?

    <p>One part in 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When undertaking astronomical observations for determining azimuth, what is the minimum number of stations recommended?

    <p>25 to 30 stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To ensure compliance with measurement standards, how should digital measuring equipment be handled?

    <p>Standardized before acquisition and after each mending.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for surveying irregular property boundaries when near a river?

    <p>Take the traverse line as close to the river as possible on pegs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required minimum distance for a property beacon to be placed when adjacent to a road or railway?

    <p>At a distance conforming with the statutory Right of Way (ROW).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowable bearing closure at Azimuth check points?

    <p>30&quot;√ N, where 'N' is the number of instrument stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of equipment is preferred for linear measurements in rough terrain?

    <p>Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM) and Digital measuring equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard error of linear measurements that should be maintained?

    <p>One part in 10,000.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the frequency of astronomical observations is correct?

    <p>25 to 30 traverse stations should be observed to ensure accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to achieve when surveying properties that extend across both sides of a road?

    <p>Break the survey into separate parcels to preserve the right of way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method must be employed for measurements on level smooth ground?

    <p>Surface taping method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the dimensions of a Property Beacon?

    <p>18cm X 18cm X 75cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum distance between adjacent Property Boundary Beacons in layouts?

    <p>250m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What survey methods are typically used for surveying boundaries?

    <p>Closed Theodolite/Total Station traverses or GNSS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required angular observation accuracy for survey instruments?

    <p>10 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for Property Boundary Beacons?

    <p>They can be placed frequently without consideration of visibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the linear accuracy requirement after Azimuth adjustment during surveys?

    <p>1/5,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario should boundary corners NOT be demarcated with beacons?

    <p>Where boundary walls exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following descriptions for survey spike markers is correct?

    <p>A rod pin 40mm diameter marked with a center punch at the top.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum length of a line over which an azimuth can be observed?

    <p>200 metres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should alterations be recorded in a manual field book?

    <p>By crossing through the old value and inserting the new value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition may the azimuth be observed from a beaconed traverse station?

    <p>When no appropriate length traverse leg is available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT required to be included in the contents of a field book?

    <p>Personal opinions on survey accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is essential for azimuth computations?

    <p>Reduction of bearings showing angular closures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distance must the reference object be from the traverse line when measuring angles?

    <p>Not less than 200 metres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required in the computations to be carried out after obtaining measurements?

    <p>Area computations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of error should NOT be included in the final coordinates during computations?

    <p>Obtained standard values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sounding represent in hydrographic terms?

    <p>A measurement of water depth adjusted to a reference plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines spring tides?

    <p>Tides that rise highest during new or full moons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sounding line in hydrographic surveying?

    <p>To gather depth data using a weighted line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the sounding datum significant to hydrographic charts?

    <p>It aligns all soundings to a common vertical reference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly causes a storm surge?

    <p>Strong winds pushing seawater towards the shore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data is crucial for establishing the geodetic datum in hydrographic surveys?

    <p>Gravity variations measured at the survey point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about ellipsoids is correct?

    <p>Ellipsoids are theoretical models used to represent the Earth’s surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can influence the selection of a local datum in hydrographic surveys?

    <p>Local environmental conditions and topography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a reference station in hydrographic surveys?

    <p>A station used as a standard for comparing simultaneous observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of a rip current?

    <p>Offshore current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowed error in location for hydrographic signals visible for fixing?

    <p>1 mm on the scale of the survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of revetments in hydrography?

    <p>To protect embankments against erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence the repeatability of a location fix in hydrographic surveys?

    <p>Environmental conditions during the survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of hydrographic surveys, what does a rip current appear as?

    <p>A turbulent and agitated band of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fixed aids to navigation in hydrography?

    <p>To provide accurate location fixes in designated accuracy limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the neck of a rip current?

    <p>The point where currents converge and are at their narrowest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Total Propagated Error (TPE) in determining depth accuracy?

    <p>It combines all potential error sources to assess depth accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element should NOT be combined when calculating the Total Propagated Error (TPE)?

    <p>Weather-related discrepancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition must be met regarding the application of tidal reductions?

    <p>They should not be applied to depths greater than 200 m unless conditions are met.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is accuracy in depth measurement primarily understood?

    <p>As the accuracy of the reduced depths after applying tidal corrections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'Mole' refer to in coastal terminology?

    <p>A massive solid-filled structure designed for protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'Knot' in the context of navigation?

    <p>A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which choice best describes the concept of 'Lagging of tide'?

    <p>The periodic delay in high and low water occurrences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors contribute to Total Propagated Error (TPE) in depth accuracy assessment?

    <p>Errors from measurement systems, tidal measurement, and data processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the mean higher high water (MHHW)?

    <p>The arithmetic average of elevations of the higher high waters over a specific 19-year period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the variation in height between mean higher high water and mean lower low water?

    <p>Great diurnal range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily the purpose of running cross-check lines normal to principal sounding lines?

    <p>To confirm accuracy of positioning, sounding, and tidal reductions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MHW stand for in the context of water elevation measurements?

    <p>Mean high water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which context would the term 'groin' be used?

    <p>To refer to a shore-protection structure designed to control erosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum interval recommended between plotted soundings along principal sounding lines?

    <p>1.5 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the average recorded mean high water (MHW) derived?

    <p>By calculating elevations of high waters over a significant period, usually 19 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are corrections applied during shorter periods of observation for water elevation measurements?

    <p>To eliminate known variations and standardize results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a groin in coastal engineering?

    <p>It can be permeable or impermeable depending on its design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'half-tide level' represent?

    <p>The midway point between mean high water and mean low water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended maximum interval between position fixes on a survey sheet?

    <p>40mm to ensure proper coverage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should sonar sweeping be conducted in hydrographic surveys?

    <p>Alongside a multi-beam or side scan sonar for comprehensive coverage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes higher high water (HHW) in tidal studies?

    <p>It is the highest of the two high waters of a tidal day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a harbor in maritime terms?

    <p>To provide a safe anchorage for ships surrounded by land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines heave in nautical terms?

    <p>The vertical rise or fall due to wave action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for soundings in navigation tracks?

    <p>Soundings must ensure complete coverage of the track and its surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary responsibilities of the Surveyors Disciplinary Committee according to the specified regulations?

    <p>Considering and determining cases referred to it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a member of the Disciplinary Committee in order to be considered for participation in a hearing?

    <p>They should be a current member of the Council with relevant expertise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is considered when establishing the professional discipline within the surveying field?

    <p>The adherence to ethical practices in surveying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a potential consequence of ignoring the decisions of the Disciplinary Committee?

    <p>Removal from the profession's public register</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overarching aim of the Surveyors Council of Nigeria in relation to compliance standards?

    <p>To uphold the integrity and competency of practicing surveyors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the SSCE of each State promptly report to the Surveyors Council of Nigeria?

    <p>Any breach of professional ethics by surveyors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first action taken by the Surveyors Council of Nigeria after receiving a misconduct report from the SSCE?

    <p>Direct the report to the Surveyors Investigating Panel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What right does the surveyed individual have when investigated by the Surveyors Investigating Panel?

    <p>To reply in writing to all allegations and findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body has the authority to discharge a surveyed individual after investigation?

    <p>The Surveyors Disciplinary Committee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What document must surveyors submit monthly to maintain compliance with ethical practices?

    <p>Monthly returns of beacon numbers used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a surveyor provide to collect additional beacon numbers beyond the approved limit?

    <p>A provisional Survey Plan justifying the extra request</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What identifying markings must survey beacons bear according to the ethical practices?

    <p>SURCON identifying letters and state identifiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions constitutes a breach of professional ethics by surveyors?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary responsibilities of the Investigating Panel?

    <p>To conduct preliminary investigations into allegations of misconduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who acts as the Secretary to the Disciplinary Committee?

    <p>The Registrar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which committee is established in each State to handle professional ethics in surveying?

    <p>SURCON State Committee on Ethics and Practice of the Surveying Profession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT one of the main duties of the Ethics Committee?

    <p>Conducting legal training for registered Surveyors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Council regarding the Investigating Panel?

    <p>To appoint members to the Investigating Panel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is within the purview of the Disciplinary Committee?

    <p>Determining actions to be taken against Surveyors found guilty of misconduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who serves as the Chairman of the SURCON State Committee on Ethics and Practice of the Surveying Profession?

    <p>The Surveyor General of the State.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical feature of the Investigating Panel's operation?

    <p>It submits reports on actions to the Disciplinary Committee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage fee payable for the first 10 million of a project's estimated cost?

    <p>4.50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which duty is specifically related to the management of client relationships by a Consultant Surveyor?

    <p>Clients’ Advisory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the remuneration basis for Consultant Surveyors conducting horizontal and vertical controls?

    <p>Man-Month Rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation is the Consultant Surveyor allowed to charge for additional costs?

    <p>For quantities expended on the project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage is charged for project costs that exceed 200 million?

    <p>2.50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT identified as a duty of a Consultant Surveyor?

    <p>Equipment Procurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it stated that static rates for major survey operations are not useful?

    <p>They may not cover varying project complexities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fee percentage applicable for the next 15 million after the first 15 million of a project's cost?

    <p>4.25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personnel is primarily responsible for overseeing the entire surveying operation?

    <p>Senior Surveyor/Party Chief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum cost for an Astro Observation survey per station?

    <p>N 135,155.40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equipment is NOT typically used for seabed surveys?

    <p>Thermal Imager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of surveys focuses specifically on pipeline routing?

    <p>Pipeline Route Survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of survey costs are computed on a man-month basis?

    <p>Construction Site Survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which survey process involves taking the centerline and ROW as separate lines for computation?

    <p>Pipeline Route Survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equipment would be least likely used in a bathymetric survey?

    <p>Cable Locator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is associated with the cost of setting out levels for vertical alignment and cross-section profile?

    <p>Setting Out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of survey involves the use of standard equipment such as Echo Sounders?

    <p>Bathymetric Survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total direct cost associated with conducting 'Detailing' in surveying?

    <p>183,880.42</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the total costs for the 'Data Processing' phase of surveying?

    <p>Computer Accessories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role is not included in the cost breakdown for the 'Bathymeric Survey'?

    <p>Assistant Technical Officer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of employing a Technical Officer in various surveying phases?

    <p>To assist in data analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component has a transportation cost listed separately to conduct fieldwork?

    <p>Bathymeric Survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surveying type requires the use of heavy machinery like a Digger?

    <p>Demarcation Survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cost of 'Transport' across most survey phases?

    <p>46,027.61</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which survey phase includes the use of equipment like Theodolites or Compasses?

    <p>Reconnaissance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is a key personnel role specifically focused on observing during the survey process?

    <p>Senior Surveyor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary costs included in the 'Levelling' survey?

    <p>Standard Equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What total cost is associated with 'Travelling/Connection to Control Points'?

    <p>178,159.92</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equipment is explicitly mentioned for use during 'Detailing' surveys?

    <p>Total Station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What personnel role is responsible for overseeing the 'Data Processing' segment?

    <p>Principal Surveyor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum notice period required before commencing survey work according to the Survey Co-ordination Act?

    <p>Three months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece of information is NOT required in the notice submitted to the Director of Federal Surveys?

    <p>The financial cost of the survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential component must accompany the notice of survey work, as specified in the Act?

    <p>A sketch map illustrating the work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event that a surveyor fails to submit a notice before starting work, what might be the consequence according to the Act?

    <p>Potential penalties for non-compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to be included in the particulars of the survey work notice besides the name and address of the responsible person?

    <p>Purpose of the work and area to which it relates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for marks to vest in the Minister without further assurance?

    <p>They must have a notice from the Director within one month.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is excluded from the definition of 'survey work'?

    <p>Surveying instructed by military branches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT mentioned as a way to carry out 'survey work'?

    <p>Digital terrain modeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failing to serve a document by registered post as stipulated?

    <p>The service is deemed invalid and may require re-sending.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surveying is explicitly included in the definition of 'survey work'?

    <p>Aerial photography for survey purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition can survey marks lose their legitimacy according to the regulations?

    <p>If no notification is given by the Director within one month.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the Director do in relation to particulars provided for survey marks?

    <p>Inform the person of vesting no later than one month.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes one of the purposes of 'survey work'?

    <p>To determine the shape or size of land surface features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum duration after receiving a notice during which the Director can issue a counter-notice?

    <p>One month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT required to be submitted within one month after the completion of the survey work?

    <p>Updated survey mark locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario must a person ensure that their work is connected to a government-controlled survey mark?

    <p>When the survey mark is less than 16.09 kilometers from the work site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aerial film processing is mandated in relation to survey work?

    <p>Submission for examination before prints are made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific information must maps and plans include when submitted to the Director?

    <p>The date of creation and details of survey marks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement that the Director can specify in a counter-notice?

    <p>The establishment of survey marks at specified locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is entitled to receive a copy of every map and plan related to a State as per the requirements?

    <p>The Surveyor-General of the State</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect must be included in the field observations and computations submitted to the Director?

    <p>Particulars of permanent survey marks erected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Penalties for Unprofessional Conduct

    • The Disciplinary Committee can reprimand, strike a surveyor's name off the register, or suspend a surveyor from practice for up to six months for unprofessional conduct, conviction of an offense deemed incompatible with the surveyor's status, or fraudulent registration.

    • The Disciplinary Committee can defer its decision on penalties for up to six months, but a member who was not present when the decision was deferred cannot participate in the final decision.

    • A conviction is not considered final for the purposes of disciplinary action if an appeal or further appeal is pending or may be brought.

    • The Disciplinary Committee must notify the affected surveyor of its decision and the surveyor can appeal the decision to the Federal High Court within 28 days.

    • The Disciplinary Committee is deemed a party to the appeal and can appear as a respondent, even if not present at the hearing.

    • The Disciplinary Committee's decision takes effect immediately upon the expiration of the appeal period or when the appeal is withdrawn, struck out, or dismissed.

    • A surveyor whose name is removed from the register can reapply to be registered, but the Disciplinary Committee can prohibit them from applying for a specified period.

    Miscellaneous

    • Practicing as a surveyor without being registered is an offense.

    • Taking or using a name, title, or description that implies the person is authorized to practice as a registered surveyor, without reasonable excuse, is an offense.

    • Providing a false statement to register as a surveyor is an offense.

    • Falsifying information in the register is an offense.

    • Offenses under the Act carry fines or imprisonment for both individuals and corporations, and continuing offenses carry daily fines.

    • Corporations are also liable for offenses committed with the consent, connivance, or neglect of directors, managers, secretaries, or other similar officers.

    • Registered surveyors are entitled to practice as surveyors throughout the Federation but only in their specific areas of qualification.

    • Universities and institutions of higher learning offering surveyor training must submit a list of students to the registrar annually.

    • Unregistered surveyors cannot recover fees or other consideration for work done as a surveyor.

    Guidelines for the Conduct of Survey Practice in Nigeria, 2020

    • The Surveyors Council of Nigeria (Council) has issued guidelines for the conduct of Survey Practice in Nigeria to address inconsistencies in the practice and promote accuracy and integrity of geospatial data.
    • Eligibility to practice: Only Surveyors, Pupil Surveyors, Survey Technologists, and Survey Technicians registered by the Council are eligible to practice the survey profession in Nigeria.
    • The annual publication of the Council lists all eligible surveyors.
    • A registered surveyor can practice throughout Nigeria, except those suspended by the Council.
    • Registered Surveyors are not subject to additional mentorship after pupillage.
    • Surveyors can conduct survey works on public and private land without hindrance.
    • Survey works: All public and private survey works must use pillar/beacon numbers issued by the Council, complying with the Rules and Regulations for the Control of Survey Practice in Nigeria.
    • Registered Surveyors must prepare plans for litigation and provide expert evidence on these plans.
    • Survey components of civil engineering works and land registration must be carried out by registered surveyors.
    • Record Keeping: Survey records, including cadastral, engineering, hydrographic, and GIS survey works, must be lodged in the Office of the Surveyor-General of the Federation, the relevant State, or the Director of Surveys (Federal Capital Territory) within one month of completion.
    • Roles of Offices: The Offices of the Surveyors General of the Federation and States are to discontinue involvement in practical survey works.
    • These offices will act as regulatory and policy offices, coordinating professional practice and serving as spatial data depositories, clearing houses, and quality control offices.
    • University Training: Institutions with survey training programs must provide the Council with a list of students enrolled in the courses for the past year by March 31st.
    • Failure to comply will lead to the withdrawal of accreditation and denial of registration for their graduates.
    • Universities must submit their training timetables and course contents at the beginning of each academic year.
    • The Council may conduct unscheduled visits to institutions for supervision and monitoring.
    • Continuous Professional Development: Registered Surveyors must update their knowledge and skills through attending the Council's annual Mandatory Continuous Professional Development Courses (MCPD).
    • Approved Offices: The following entities are approved to conduct survey works:
      • The Surveyor-General of the Federation
      • The Surveyor-General of a State
      • The Survey Department of the Federal Capital Territory
      • Survey Departments in universities or schools
      • The Head of Survey Regiment Corps of Engineers of the Nigerian Army
      • The Hydrographer of the Nigerian Navy
      • The Head of Aerial Photographic Units of the Nigerian Air Force
      • Any registered surveyor in Nigeria
    • Implementation and Monitoring: The Council is responsible for implementing the guidelines.
    • Monitoring teams will be sent to each State, the Federal Capital Territory, and approved offices to ensure compliance.
    • Compliance: The general public, Offices of the Surveyors-General, the Survey Department of the Federal Capital Territory, other approved offices, and all employers of labor (public or private) must comply with the guidelines.

    Surveyors Registration Council Of Nigeria Act

    • The Surveyors Council of Nigeria ("the Council") is responsible for regulating the practice of surveying and Geo-informatics in Nigeria.

    • Only Surveyors who are registered with the Council, Pupil Surveyors, Survey Technologists and Survey Technicians , are eligible to practice and carry out survey work in Nigeria.

    • Registered Surveyors are allowed to practice throughout Nigeria without hindrance except when placed on suspension by the Council.

    • Surveyors are allowed to carry out survey work on public and private parcels of land in Nigeria without hindrance whatsoever except those specified by the Council and the Act.

    • Surveyors are required to use pillar/beacon numbers issued by the Surveyors Council of Nigeria only and these numbers must comply with specifications contained in the Rules and Regulations for the Control of Survey Practice in Nigeria.

    • Only Registered Surveyors are allowed to prepare plans used in litigation and provide expert evidence on those plans.

    • The Council oversees the Survey component of any civil engineering work and survey work for the purposes of title registration in Nigeria.

    • All survey records, including cadastral, engineering, hydrographic, and GIS survey data, are to be filed with the Office of the Surveyor-General of the Federation, the relevant State, or the Director of Surveys in the Federal Capital Territory within one month of completion.

    • The Offices of the Surveyor-General of the Federation and the States will no longer be involved in practical survey work.

    • These offices will now focus on their regulatory functions, acting as:

      • Offices coordinating the professional practice of surveying.
      • Spatial data depositories.
      • Clearing houses.
      • Quality control offices.

    • Universities and institutions that offer surveying courses must submit a list of enrolled students to the Registrar of the Council by the 31st of March each year.

    • Failure to comply with this requirement will result in the withdrawal of accreditation for the institution and the denial of registration for their graduates.

    • Institutions offering surveying courses are required to provide the Council with their teaching timetable and course contents at the beginning of each academic year.

    • The Council has the right to conduct unscheduled visits to institutions to monitor the quality of instruction and examinations.

    • Registered surveyors are required to regularly update their knowledge and skills, and to attend the Council's Mandatory Continuous Professional Development Courses (MCPD) annually.

    • The Council may periodically review the guidelines in accordance with their functions and in line with the profession.

    • The Council will send monitoring teams to every state in Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory to ensure compliance with these guidelines.

    • The general public and relevant offices, including offices of the Surveyors-General, the Survey Department of the Federal Capital Territory, and employers of labor, must comply with these guidelines.

    Survey Specifications for Mining Titles

    • Purpose: To determine the legal extent of Mining Leases (ML), Exclusive Prospecting Licenses (EPL), Mining Rights (MR), Water Licenses (WL), and Mining Reclamation Areas (MRA).

    • Demarcation: Boundaries are marked using beacons made of concrete in the shape of a mushroom.

      • Mining Beacons:
        • 25cm diameter top, projecting 15cm above ground.
        • 5cm hole in the centre.
        • 15cm diameter base, sunk 20cm into the ground.
        • Marked with title number, beacon number, and directional arrows indicating boundary course.
        • Types: Corner Beacon (CB), Location Beacon/Mark (LB/LM), Upper/Lower Beacon (UB/LB), Line Beacon (LB).
      • Property Beacons: Used for Mining Rights of Occupancy (MR of O) and Mines Reclamation Areas (MRA).
        • Extra large mining beacon placed around property beacon if they coincide.

    • Connections:

      • Survey points connected to trig stations or existing mining beacons tied to trig stations.
      • Details of survey areas are recorded through offsets to the nearest 0.5m, with a maximum offset length of 30m.

    • Field Books:

      • Detailed records of all measurements, observations, and related information to be entered in ink in the field book or an electronic medium.
      • Alterations made by crossing out previous values and inserting new values, then signing and dating them.

    Computations

    • Azimuths: Computed according to Large Scale/Cadastral Survey standards.
    • Bearings and Distances: Determined or calculated as outlined in Large Scale/Cadastral Survey specifications.
    • Area Calculations:
      • ML: Hectares, 4 significant figures.
      • EPL: Square kilometers, 3 decimal places or in Hectares.
      • MR: Scaled length (on the plan) between U.B. and L.B. in meters.
      • MR of O and MRA:
        • MRA: Hectares or square kilometers based on extent.
        • MR of O: Square meters or hectares.

    Plans

    • Size: 30cm x 20cm (maximum) on stable material.
    • Information:
      • Title Details: Number, applicant name, location, priority sheet reference.
      • Survey Details: North line, magnetic variation, adjoining titles and features, trig station connections, national grid coordinates of Location Mark (LM).

    Scales

    • EPL: 1:25,000
    • ML: 1:5,000
    • MR: 1:5,000
    • WL:
      • 1:5,000 (lengths less than 1km)
      • 1:10,000 (lengths less than 3km)
      • 1:25,000 (lengths less than 8km)
      • 1:50,000 (lengths greater than 8km)
    • MR of O/MRA:
      • 1:1,000
      • 1:2,000
      • 1:5,000

    Color Conventions

    • Final Boundary: Red
    • Traverse Line (not boundary): Blue
    • Corner Beacons: Double Red Circles
    • Traverse Pegs: Single Blue Circles
    • Bearings and Distances along Boundaries: Red
    • Heading, area, scale, details, etc.: Black

    Renewals and Re-Issues

    • Re-Surveys: Necessary for renewed mining titles if original surveys are suspect or beacons are missing.
    • Re-capping: Undertaken if beacons are found in-situ, using new lease numbers for re-issued lapsed leases.
    • Missing/Misplaced Beacons: Require re-establishment before re-capping, followed by a new survey.

    Survey Records Submission

    • Required Documents:
      • Finished plan
      • Traverse Book(s)
      • Azimuth computations and grid convergence
      • Traverse Sheets (Coordinates)
      • Computations (Area, Bearings, and distances)
      • Connections (Traverse, Triangulation, Resection)
      • Survey Report
      • Software (where applicable)

    Definitions

    • Mining Lease (ML): Land granted for mineral extraction, maximum 21 years with renewal options.
    • Mining Right (MR): Area along a stream/river, maximum 30m width and 1.6km length, granted for mineral extraction.

    Linear Observation

    • Steel tapes, EDM, and digital measuring equipment are used.
    • Tapes require standardization before and after mending.
    • Other equipment needs calibration when due.
    • Surface taping is appropriate on level ground.
    • Catenary taping is used on rough terrain.
    • EDM and digital measuring equipment are preferred for their accuracy.
    • Standard error of linear measurements should be one in 10,000.
    • The difference between two observations shouldn't exceed 1 cm.

    ### Instrumentation

    • Instruments capable of achieving accuracies of one in 10,000 or better are recommended.
    • Examples include electronic theodolites, total stations, or differential GNSS.

    ### Control of Bearings by Astronomical Observation

    • Sun observation provides the needed accuracy.
    • 25 to 30 traverse stations should be observed.
    • Azimuth lines require a minimum length of 200 meters.
    • Four sets of observations are recommended for latitude determination.
    • East and West observations are paired.
    • The maximum range of four determinations shouldn't exceed 20".
    • Angular spread should be 10" on four zeros.
    • Bearing closure at azimuth check points shouldn't exceed 30"√N, where 'N' is the number of instrument stations.
    • Co-ordinates of two adjacent points can be obtained using differential GPS.

    ### Irregular Property Boundaries

    • When surveying irregular boundaries (e.g., rivers), the traverse line is placed as close to the boundary as possible.
    • Property beacons are placed only where the river constitutes a boundary.
    • Beacons should be placed above flood level.
    • When a boundary is co-terminous with a reserve, beacons are placed at a perpendicular distance from the feature to conform with the statutory Right of Way (ROW).
    • For curved features, beacons should be placed at intervals that allow adequate boundary definition.
    • Properties on both sides of a path/road should be surveyed as separate parcels to preserve the right of way.
    • "PB" stands for Property beacon.
    • "EPL" stands for Exclusive Prospecting Licence.
    • "ML" stands for Mining Lease.
    • "MR" stands for Mining Right.

    Types of Beacons

    • Property beacons are 18cm X 18cm X 75cm.
    • Cemetery beacons are 10cm X 10cm X 60cm.
    • Spikes are 40mm diameter rod pins with a center punch mark at the top.
    • Boundary walls should have a cross 'X' with an identification number marked on the outside where survey lines intersect.
    • Public surveys require double arrows.
    • Property beacons/markers are used for Right of Way (ROW) Surveys.
    • Other acceptable beacon specifications may be determined from time to time.

    Location of Property Boundary Beacons

    • All plot corners, points of direction changes, and points on straight lines at intervals of not more than 250m in layouts and 400m in farmland require beacons.

    Requirements of Property Boundary Beacons

    • Adjacent property beacons should be intervisible.
    • Multiple observations from proven stations are needed to fix a beacon if intervisibility is not possible.

    Placement of Property Boundary Beacons

    • Boundary corners should not be demarcated with beacons where boundary walls exist.

    Demarcation of Corners in Fenced Layout

    • A nail should be driven into the wall where the fence adjoins a road and numbered with the allotted prefix and number.
    • A nail should be driven into the intersection of the walls and numbered with the allotted prefix and number where the fence does not adjoin a road.

    Available Methods of Survey

    • The boundaries are usually surveyed using closed theodolite/total station traverses or GNSS in rapid static mode.
    • The survey can also start on checked and proven boundary beacons and end on checked and proven boundary beacons.
    • Linear accuracy (after azimuth adjustment) should not be greater than 1/5,000.

    Angular Observation

    • 10" graduation interval instruments are required.
    • One set of observations (FL/FR) is needed.
    • The maximum spread of two zero values shouldn't exceed 10 seconds.
    • Correct for plate leveling before measuring horizontal angles.
    • Azimuth lines should be at least 200 meters in length.
    • The azimuth can be observed from a beaconed traverse station to a reference object at least 200 meters away if a suitable traverse leg is not available.

    Field Books

    • All measurements should be recorded in ink in the field book or electronically.
    • Alterations should be made by crossing out the old value and writing the new value above it.
    • The observer should sign the alterations.
    • Erasures and page removal are not allowed.
    • The field book should include the surveyor's name, the survey title and number, the location, an index, instrument identities, dates of standardization of measuring equipment, standardization correction values, all survey observations, offsets to irregular boundaries, measurements to permanent features, date of observation, explanatory diagrams, and a certificate signed by the surveyor confirming the accuracy of the recorded values.
    • A hard copy of the processed data should be provided when using digital equipment.

    Computations

    • Computations, whether manual or electronic, should include the following:
    • Azimuth computations (when necessary).
    • Reduction of bearings showing angular closures.
    • Measured and corrected distances.
    • Unadjusted, final coordinates, and linear closures.
    • Area computations.
    • True horizontal distance should be to the nearest third decimal place of a meter (nearest millimeter).

    Linear Observation

    • Employ steel tapes, EDM, or digital measuring equipment for linear observations
    • Standardize tapes on acquisition and after each mending
    • Calibrate other equipment when due
    • Surface taping suitable on level, smooth ground
    • Catenary taping suitable on rough terrain
    • EDM and digital measuring equipment are preferred
    • Standard error should be one part in 10,000 for linear measurements
    • Difference between two observations should not exceed 1cm

    Instrumentation

    • Use electronic theodolites, total stations, or differential GNSS
    • Instruments must achieve a minimum accuracy of one part in 10,000

    Control of Bearings by Astronomical Observation

    • Sun observation provides the required accuracy
    • Conduct observations at 25 to 30 traverse stations
    • Azimuth line should be at least 200 meters
    • Obtain 4 sets of observations for latitude determination
    • Perform East/West observations in pairs
    • Maximum range for 4 determinations is 20"
    • Angular spread of 10" across 4 zeros
    • Bearing closure should not exceed 30"√ N, where 'N' is the number of instrument stations
    • Obtain coordinates of two adjacent points using differential GPS

    Irregular Property Boundaries

    • Employ traverse lines close to irregular boundaries, such as rivers or streams
    • Place beacons well above flood level for rivers that act as boundaries
    • When a boundary is co-terminous with a reserve, place beacons at a perpendicular distance to adhere to the Right of Way (ROW)
    • Place beacons at intervals to define curved boundaries adequately
    • Break surveys into separate parcels for properties on both sides of a path/road to preserve the right of way

    Demarcation

    • Property beacons: 18cm X 18cm X 75cm
    • Cemetery beacons: 10cm X 10cm X 60cm
    • Spikes: 40mm diameter rod pin marked with a center punch
    • Mark boundary walls with a painted 'X' and identification number
    • Use double arrows for public surveys
    • Property beacons/markers used for Right of Way (ROW) Surveys
    • Other beacon specifications as determined

    Location of Property Boundary Beacons

    • Place beacons at all corners of plots
    • Place beacons at points of direction changes
    • Place beacons along straight long lines at intervals of 250m in layouts and 400m in farmland

    Requirements of Property Boundary Beacons

    • Adjacent beacons should be intervisible
    • Utilize multiple observations to fix beacons if intervisibility is not possible

    Placement of Property Boundary Beacons

    • Do not demarcate boundary corners with beacons where boundary walls exist

    Demarcation of Corners in Fenced Layout

    • Drive a numbered nail into the wall where a fence adjoins a road
    • Drive a numbered nail into the wall intersection where a fence does not adjoin a road

    Surveying of Property Boundaries

    • Survey boundaries using closed Theodolite/Total Station traverses or GNSS in rapid static mode
    • Begin and end traverses on checked and proven boundary beacons
    • Ensure linear accuracy is within 1/5,000

    Angular Observation

    • Employ instruments with at least 10" graduation intervals
    • Obtain one set of observations (FL/FR)
    • Maximum spread of 2 zero values should be 10 seconds
    • Apply corrections to observed horizontal angles
    • Azimuth observation lines should be at least 200m in length and permanently beaconed

    Field Books

    • Record measurements in ink in the field book or electronic medium during observation
    • Make alterations by crossing out the old value and inserting the new value
    • Sign all alterations
    • No erasures or page removal
    • Include:
      • Surveyor’s name
      • Title and number of the survey
      • Survey location
      • Index
      • Instrument identification
      • Date of equipment standardization
      • Standardization correction values
      • All observations related to the survey
      • Offsets to irregular boundaries
      • Measurements to permanent features on or near boundaries
      • Date of observation
      • Explanatory diagrams
      • Certificate signed by the surveyor

    Computations

    • Carry out computations manually or electronically as prescribed by the Surveyor General
    • Computations must include:
      • Azimuth computations where necessary
      • Bearing reductions and angular closures
      • Measured and corrected distances
      • Unadjusted and final coordinates and linear closures
      • Area computations
    • Deduce true horizontal distance to the nearest millimeter in the field book or field sheets

    Datum and Ellipsoid

    • The geodetic datum used for any survey should be the one already adopted for the country.
    • In some cases, the local datum can be adopted if it's impossible to tie it to the national datum.
    • This information can be obtained from Federal Surveys or the Hydrographer of the Navy.

    Hydrographic Signals

    • The error in location of a hydrographic signal used for visual fixing should not exceed 1mm at the scale of the survey.

    Position Fixes and Floating Aids

    • The repeatability of a fix should not exceed 1.5mm at the scale of the survey, whether observed visually or electronically.
    • The acceptable error for fixing a reference beacon by astronomic or electronic/satellite method is 1km Range (0.5km).

    Aids to Navigation

    • Fixed aids to navigation should be located within the same limits of accuracy as primary shore stations.

    Depth Accuracy

    • Depth accuracy refers to the accuracy of reduced depths.
    • The Total Propagated Error (TPE) combines all contributing errors.
    • The TPE, determined statistically at the 95% confidence level, describes the depth accuracy achieved.
    • Cross-check lines normal to the principal sounding lines should be run to confirm the accuracy of positioning, sounding, and tidal reductions.

    Sounding Datum

    • Sounding Datum is the level to which soundings are reduced during hydrographic surveys.
    • It's the datum used for completed fair charts or final tracing.

    Sounding

    • A measured depth of water.
    • Soundings are adjusted to a specific plane of reverence (Sounding Datum).

    Sounding Line

    • A line, wire, or cord used in sounding.
    • Weighted at one end with a plummet.

    Spring Tides

    • Occur at near the time of new or full moon.
    • Rise highest and falls lowest from the Mean Sea Level (MSL).

    Storm Surge

    • A rise or piling up of water against the shore, produced by strong winds blowing onshore.
    • Most severe when it occurs in conjunction with a high tide.

    Surge

    • Long-interval variations in velocity and pressure in fluid flow, not necessarily periodic.

    Reference Station

    • A tide or current station for which tidal or tidal current constants have previously been determined.
    • Used as a standard for comparison of simultaneous observations at a second station.

    Revetment

    • A facing of stone, concrete, etc. to protect an embankment or shore structure against erosion.

    Rip Current

    • A strong surface current of short duration flowing seaward from the shore.
    • Appears as a visible band of agitated water.
    • Consists of three parts: Feeder Current, Neck, and Head.

    Mole

    • A massive solid-filled structure projecting out into the sea at the mouth of a river.
    • Protects a navigational channel, a harbor, or to influence water currents.

    Knot

    • The unit of speed used in navigation.
    • Equal to one nautical mile (6076.115 feet or 1852 meters) per hour.

    Lagging of Tide

    • The periodic retardation in the time of occurrence of high and low water due to changes in the relative positions of the moon and sun.

    Mean Higher High Water (MHHW)

    • The arithmetic average of the elevations of the higher high waters of a mixed tide over a specific 19-year period.

    Mean High Water (MHW)

    • The average elevation of all high waters recorded at a particular point or station over a considerable period of time, usually 19 years.

    Great Diurnal Range

    • The difference in height between Mean Higher High Water and Mean Lower Low Water.

    Groin

    • A shore-protection structure built to trap littoral drift or retard erosion of the shore.

    Half-tide Level

    • Midway between Mean High Water and Mean Low Water.

    Harbor

    • A water area nearly surrounded by land, sea walls, breakwaters, or artificial dikes.
    • Provides safe anchorage for ships.

    Heave

    • The vertical rise or fall of the waves or the sea.
    • The translational movement of a craft parallel to its vertical axis.
    • The net transport of a floating body resulting from wave action.

    Higher High Water (HHW)

    • The higher of the two high waters of any tidal day.

    Higher Low Water (HLW)

    • The higher of the two low waters of any tidal day.

    Interval Between Plotted Soundings

    • Sounding plotted along principal sounding lines should give priority to peaks, deeps, and points of change in slope.
    • Intermediary soundings should be selected at intervals not exceeding 5mm at the scale of surveys.

    Spacing of Position Fixes

    • The interval between position fixes on the survey sheet should not exceed 40mm.
    • Every track recommended for navigation should be sounded along and preferably sonar swept.
    • In areas not covered by a standard large-scale hydrographic survey, at least three combined sounding and sonar lines should be run.

    Sonar Sweeping

    • Required to detect all protuberances from the sea bed which could be a danger to shipping or to engineering works.
    • Uses reflection of sonar beams transmitted sideways.

    Surveyors Investigating Panel

    • The Investigating Panel investigates cases of alleged misconduct by registered surveyors.
    • They decide whether to refer the case to the Disciplinary Committee.
    • The panel is appointed by the Council and consists of seven Council members.

    Surveyors Disciplinary Committee

    • The Disciplinary Committee considers and determines cases referred to them by the Investigating Panel.
    • They consist of the President of the Council and ten other Council members.
    • At least four of the members must be those who hold office by virtue of paragraph (c) of section 2.(1) of the Surveyors Council of Nigeria Act.

    SURCON State Committee on Ethics and Practice of the Surveying Profession (SSCE)

    • The SSCE is established in each state and is responsible for supervising survey practice in their respective jurisdiction.
    • They consist of the Surveyor-General of the state, the Nigerian Institution of Surveyors (N.I.S) Chairman of the State Chapter, and one Council member.
    • The SSCE is responsible for issuing SURCON beacon numbers to surveyors.
    • They make quarterly returns to the SURCON headquarters of beacon numbers issued and plans lodged.
    • They handle matters on professional ethics and collect the beacon fee for SURCON.
    • The SSCE reports any breach of professional ethics, rules, and regulations to the Surveyors Council of Nigeria.

    Survey Beacons

    • SURCON is the sole authority issuing beacon numbers to surveyors.
    • Surveyors must prepay prescribed fees to SURCON and the Nigerian Institution of Surveyors (NIS) to receive beacon numbers.
    • Monthly returns of beacon numbers used must be made to the Ethics Committees of the relevant state.
    • SURCON beacons bear identifying letters "SC" and state identifying letters such as "KD" for Kaduna State.

    Functions of the Surveyors Council of Nigeria (SURCON)

    • They determine who are surveyors for the purposes of the Surveyors Council of Nigeria Act.
    • They establish and maintain a register of surveyors and publish lists of registered surveyors.
    • They regulate and control the practice of surveying in all its ramifications.
    • They maintain discipline within the surveying profession.

    Professional Discipline

    • The Surveyors Disciplinary Committee handles cases of misconduct by surveyors.
    • The Investigating Panel can refer cases to the Disciplinary Committee.
    • The Disciplinary Committee also has cognizance of any other cases.

    Matters Relating to Survey Beacons

    • Surveyors must apply for and collect beacon numbers from the Chairman of the SSCE of their state.
    • Surveyors must have evidence of the job they intend to execute in a state.
    • Surveyors can collect as many beacon numbers as they prepay for but within the limit approved by the Council.

    Consultant Surveyor Duties

    • Develop and enforce survey/technical specifications
    • Analyze cost, determine project cost and prepare a bill of quantities
    • Supervise, control and assure quality
    • Provide advisory to clients
    • Liaise between client and contractors
    • Facilitate briefs, meetings, and arbitration
    • Process and analyze data after survey
    • Issue stage and completion certificates
    • Prepare stage and final reports

    Consultancy Services Fee Scale

    • First 5 million (or part thereof) of estimated project cost: 4.75% fee
    • Next 10 million (or part thereof): 4.50% fee
    • Next 15 million (or part thereof): 4.25% fee
    • Next 45 million (or part thereof): 4.00% fee
    • Next 75 million (or part thereof): 3.50% fee
    • Next 150 million (or part thereof): 3.00% fee
    • Next 200 million (or part thereof): 2.50% fee
    • Balance over 500 million: 1.75% fee

    Horizontal Controls

    • Consultants are remunerated on man-month rates approved by relevant professional bodies.
    • Quantities expended on the project are also charged.

    Vertical Controls

    • Remuneration is determined by approved man-month rates
    • Chargeable quantities expended on the project are also included.

    Seabed Surveys

    • Standard equipment includes: positioning system, navigation software, vessel, dual frequency echo sounder, heave compensator, gyrocompass, magnetometer, side scan sonar, sub bottom profiler
    • Standard personnel include: Senior Surveyor/Party Chief, Surveyor/Online Navigator, Underwater Engineer, Geophysicist
    • Costs are computed using Appendix 2

    Engineering Surveys

    • Minimum Cost for Engineering Surveys are defined by the text
    • Include:
      • Route Construction (roads, railways, runways)
      • Construction of dams, tunnels, drainage, and canals
      • Power line routing for rural and township electrification
      • Pipeline routing
      • Building construction survey

    Pipeline Route Surveys

    • Centerline and Right of Way (ROW) are treated as separate lines
    • Survey work on each line is computed separately

    Corridor Mapping

    • Costs are negotiated

    Setting Out

    • Route center-line location calculated as per 3rd control
    • Curve ranging calculated as per 2nd order control
    • Longitudinal profiling calculated per 3rd order control

    Construction site survey

    • Cost of construction site survey components are negotiated on a man-month basis based on relevant fee scale.
    • Components include: setting out of elements according to design; setting out levels for vertical alignment and cross-section profile; setting out of levels for drainage; setting out of vertical and horizontal alignment.

    As-Built Survey

    • Traversing along a center-line calculated as per 3rd order control
    • Longitudinal profiling calculated as per 3rd order control
    • Cross Sectional Profiling calculated as per 3rd order control

    Minimum Cost for Other Surveys

    • Astro Observation: 135,155.40 per station
    • Bathymetric Survey (Inland Waterways): 208,935.00/km
    • Hydrographic Surveys (Offshore): Costs are computed as per Appendix 2
    • Global Positioning Systems (GPS): Calculated as per Table 4B

    Other Charges

    • Hotel accommodation: 1.5x actual cost.

    Project Components and Direct Costs (Appendix 1):

    • Reconnoissance: 139,496.61 (includes personnel, transportation, basic equipment)
    • Line Clearing: 146,494.89 (includes personnel, transportation, basic equipment)
    • Demarcation
      • Standard Cadastral Beacon: 4,875.15 per beacon
      • Beaconing: 88,963.18 (includes personnel, transportation, basic equipment)
    • Traversing/Connection to Control Points: 178,159.92 (includes personnel, transportation, basic equipment)
    • Detailing: 183,880.42 (includes personnel, transportation, basic equipment)
    • Astro Observation: 135,156.87 (includes personnel, transportation, standard equipment)
    • Levelling: 131,474.72 (includes personnel, transportation, standard equipment)
    • Bathymetric Survey (Inland Waterways): 259,101.11(includes personnel, transportation, standard equipment)
    • Data Processing: 108,986.79 (includes personnel, computer accessories)
    • Plotting & Draughting: 22,783.67 for Senior Surveyor, 15,189.11 for Technical Officer (CAD)

    Survey Co-ordination Act

    • The Survey Co-ordination Act, passed on 13th September 1962, seeks to regulate survey activities in Nigeria.
    • It outlines the procedures for carrying out survey work and the responsibilities of those involved.
    • The Act aims to ensure that information related to surveys is readily available to the Director of Federal Surveys, allowing for better coordination and management of survey activities.
    • The Act defines "survey work" broadly, encompassing various techniques used to determine the shape and size of land, including:
      • Traverses observed by angular and linear measurements.
      • Lines of levels observed through optical or hydrostatic methods.
      • Linear measurements using radio transmission, radar, or electronic means.
      • Topographical or hydrographic surveys, including triangulation and trilateration.
      • Photographic surveys using specialized cameras like camera-theodolites.
      • Aerial photography for survey purposes.
      • Determining heights using instruments like aneroid barometers, altimeters, hypsometers, or airborne equipment.
      • Astronomical observations for determining azimuth, latitude, or longitude.
    • The Act exempts from its scope certain activities undertaken by:
      • The Nigerian Army, Navy, Air Force, or the survey department of the Federation or a State.
      • Survey work in areas designated by the Minister in regulations.
      • Survey work solely for the purpose of determining property boundaries.
    • The Act makes it mandatory for individuals carrying out "survey work" to give the Director of Federal Surveys (Director) notice of their work.
      • This notice must be submitted a minimum of three months before commencing work.
      • The notice must include details of the person conducting the work, the nature and purpose of the work, the area involved, and the proposed start and end dates of the work.
      • The notice must also include a sketch map illustrating the planned work.
    • The Act empowers the Director to issue a counter-notice to the person conducting the work, requiring them to undertake specific actions related to the survey work.
      • This includes erecting survey marks at designated locations, processing aerial films in Nigeria, and submitting copies of all relevant documentation (including maps, plans, aerial photographs, and field observations) to the Director.
    • The Director is obliged to provide one copy of all maps and plans relating to a State to the Surveyor-General of that State.
    • The Act also vests ownership of survey marks erected under Section (3) and other survey materials submitted to the Director with the Minister.
    • The Act provides for service of documents through registered mail, and outlines penalties for violation of its provisions.
    • The Act sets out procedures for compensation for any damage caused by actions taken under its provisions.

    2. # Survey Co-ordination Act

    • The Act establishes a framework to ensure that survey works are conducted in a coordinated manner and that the Director is provided with the relevant information to effectively supervise and manage survey data.
    • The provisions of the Act are crucial for ensuring consistency, accuracy, and accessibility of survey data, contributing to national development and resource management.
    • The Act highlights the importance of survey data and its role in infrastructure planning, resource management, and national security.

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    Related Documents

    Hydrographic Survey Standards in Nigeria PDF
    Nigeria Official Gazette PDF, 2020
    Surveyors Registration Council of Nigeria Act PDF
    Mining Cadastre Specification PDF
    Cadastral Survey Regulations 2014 PDF
    Rules & Regulations for the Control of Survey Practice in Nigeria PDF
    Nigerian Institution of Surveyors 2017 Scale of Fees (PDF)
    Survey Coordination Act 1962 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the penalties and procedures outlined for unprofessional conduct within the surveying profession. Topics include the authority of the Disciplinary Committee, potential penalties, and the appeal process for surveyors. Test your understanding of these important regulations and procedures that govern professional conduct.

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