Pelvis Anatomy and Types
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Questions and Answers

Which type of pelvis is characterized by an oval inlet and a generous capacity?

  • Android pelvis
  • Grynecoid pelvis (correct)
  • Anthropoid pelvis
  • Platypelloid pelvis

The obstetric conjugate measures 11 cm.

False (B)

What is the primary shape of the android pelvis?

Triangular

The distance between the midpoint of the sacral promontory to the inner margin of the upper border of the symphysis pubis is called the __________.

<p>true conjugate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of pelvis with their characteristics:

<p>Gynecoid pelvis = Oval inlet with a wide subpubic arch Android pelvis = Triangular shape with a narrow subpubic arch Anthropoid pelvis = Oval inlet with a vertical long axis Platypelloid pelvis = Flattened inlet with a prominent sacrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diameter is measured between the midpoint on the posterior surface of the symphysis pubis to the junction of the second and third sacral vertebrae?

<p>Anteroposterior diameter of the cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The distance between the tips of two ischial spines is referred to as the __________ diameter.

<p>bispinous</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does the pituitary gland secrete a hormone that stimulates egg cell growth?

<p>Follicular phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The transverse diameter of the pelvic brim is 13 cm.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humans have sexual behavior that is driven solely by a biological need to reproduce.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are primary sexual characters?

<p>Sex organs directly related to reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The egg cell stays in the ______ for 24 hours after ovulation.

<p>fallopian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sexual characters with their descriptions:

<p>Primary sexual characters = Directly related to reproduction Secondary sexual characters = Distinguish one sex from the other, but not essential for reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for triggering ovulation?

<p>Luteinizing hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parents should provide delayed information about sexuality to avoid discomfort.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences human sexual behavior according to learning factors?

<p>Environmental factors that shape behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the placenta in fetal development?

<p>To provide respiration, nutrition, and protection for the fetus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ovulation occurs when a mature follicle releases a secondary oocyte from the ovary.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two layers of fetal membranes?

<p>Chorion and amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fertilization process involves the fusion of the spermatozoon with the mature ______.

<p>ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of fetal development with their descriptions:

<p>Gametogenesis = Formation of male and female gametes Implantation = Attachment of the embryo to the uterine wall Decidual Stage = Edema of the endometrium during pregnancy Fertilization = Fusion of spermatozoon and ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first developmental stage of sexual maturity?

<p>Prenatal sexual development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During adolescence, young people experience less autonomy in their relationships.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurs in females during puberty?

<p>Menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The decline in estrogen production during old age can lead to changes such as _____ intercourse.

<p>painful</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of sexual response involves intense pleasurable feelings?

<p>Orgasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the sexual dysfunction with its description:

<p>Dyspareunia = Painful sexual intercourse Vaginismus = Spastic contractions preventing intercourse Anorgasmia = Inability to achieve orgasm Low sexual desire = Decreased interest in sexual activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Men experience a significant decline in testosterone during old age.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the _____ stage, vasocongestion peaks and penile erection intensifies.

<p>plateau</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus?

<p>Umbilical vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal human chromosome number is 2n = 46.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of variations in the fetal skull?

<p>Hereditary variations and environmental variations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______ is the largest fontanel in the fetal skull.

<p>anterior fontanel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Diploid = 2n = 46 chromosomes Haploid = n = 23 chromosomes Polyloid = Multiple of n (e.g., triploid = 69) Aneuploid = Not a multiple of n (e.g., 2n + 1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the right and left atria in fetal circulation?

<p>Foramen ovale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The two umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood back to the placenta.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of chromosomal aberrations due to non-disjunction?

<p>Failure of chromosome pairs to separate during cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common genetic disorder?

<p>Diabetes mellitus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ultrasonography is a procedure used for prenatal diagnosis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one psychological impact of genetic conditions on families.

<p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

The genetic condition __________ is characterized by the inability of blood to clot properly.

<p>Hemophilia A</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following prenatal diagnosis procedures with their descriptions:

<p>Amniocentesis = Sampling of the amniotic fluid Fetoscopy = Direct visualization of the fetus Chorionic villus sampling = Sampling of placental tissue Fetal blood sampling = Obtaining blood from the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a reason for conducting prenatal diagnosis?

<p>Mother's preference for a girl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nurses play an important role in the follow-up of positive newborn screening tests.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one financial impact of genetic conditions on families?

<p>Costly treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Gynecoid pelvis

The most common type of female pelvis. Characterized by an oval inlet, generous capacity, wide subpubic arch, and transverse ellipse pelvic brim.

Android pelvis

A triangular-shaped pelvis with a narrow subpubic arch, resembling the male pelvis. This type may present challenges during labor.

Anthropoid pelvis

An oval inlet with a vertically oriented long axis. This shape can lead to the baby's head being positioned at the back of the pelvis during labor.

Platypelloid pelvis

A flattened pelvis with a prominent sacrum, leading to challenges in vaginal delivery. This type is associated with babies positioned across the mother's belly (transverse).

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True Conjugate

The distance between the midpoint of the sacral promontory and the inner margin of the upper border of the symphysis pubis.

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Obstetric Conjugate

The distance between the midpoint of the sacral promontory and the middle-inner surface of the symphysis pubis.

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Diagonal Conjugate

The distance between the lower borders of the symphysis pubis and the midpoint on the sacral promontory.

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Oblique Diameter

The distance between one sacroiliac joint and the opposite iliopubic eminence.

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Follicular Phase

Phase in the menstrual cycle where the pituitary gland stimulates follicle growth in the ovaries, leading to one egg cell maturing within a follicle.

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Ovulation Phase

Phase in the menstrual cycle where the pituitary gland releases luteinizing hormone, causing the ovary to release the mature egg cell.

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Luteal Phase

Phase in the menstrual cycle after ovulation where the egg cell remains in the fallopian tube for 24 hours, disintegrating if not fertilized.

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Primary Sexual Characters

Body characteristics like sex organs (genitalia) that are directly related to reproduction.

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Secondary Sexual Characters

Body characteristics that distinguish one sex from another but aren't essential for reproduction.

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Biological Factors in Sexuality

Hormones produced by the testes, ovaries, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus influence sexual behavior.

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Learning Factors in Sexuality

Environmental factors, such as social learning, rewards, and punishments, shape an individual's sexual behavior.

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Individualized Approach to Sexual Education

Approaches to sexual education that acknowledge the uniqueness of each child and provide tailored information based on their individual needs.

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Gametogenesis

The process of forming male (sperm) and female (eggs) gametes in the gonads, essential for sexual reproduction.

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Ovulation

The release of a secondary oocyte from the ovary, making it available for fertilization.

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Implantation

The process of the embryo attaching to the uterine wall, typically occurring in the endometrium.

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Decidua

The endometrium of the pregnant uterus, which sheds after childbirth.

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Amniotic Sac

The fluid-filled sac surrounding the developing fetus, providing a protective environment.

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Umbilical vein function

The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetal heart.

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Umbilical arteries function

The two umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.

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Ductus venosus function

The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the fetal liver.

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Foramen ovale function

The foramen ovale is an opening between the right and left atria of the fetal heart, allowing blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation.

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Ductus arteriosus function

The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the fetal lungs.

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Anterior fontanel

The largest fontanel, diamond-shaped, located at the intersection of the sagittal, coronal, and frontal sutures

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Posterior fontanel

A small triangle-shaped fontanel located at the intersection of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures.

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Biparietal diameter

The biparietal diameter is the widest transverse diameter of the fetal skull and an important measurement for childbirth.

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Puberty

The stage of development where a person's body undergoes significant changes, including the development of secondary sexual characteristics. This period is characterized by physical growth, hormonal changes, and the development of reproductive capabilities.

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Adolescence

The time between childhood and adulthood, marked by a growing sense of independence, social changes, and the exploration of identity. It is a period of rapid physical, cognitive, and emotional changes, and is a time of great transition.

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Prenatal Sexual Development

This phase encompasses the primary and secondary sexual characteristics that physically differentiate males and females.

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Adulthood

The stage of life that follows adolescence, characterized by physical maturity and the ability to reproduce. It is also a time of significant life choices, such as career, relationships, and family. The individual is sexually mature at this stage and may experience sexual attraction and desire.

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Excitement Phase

The first phase of sexual response characterized by increased blood flow to the genital area leading to arousal and physical changes.

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Plateau Phase

The phase of sexual response where arousal reaches its peak, characterized by intensified vasocongestion and muscle tension.

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Orgasm

The most intense phase of sexual response, marked by rhythmic contractions in the pelvic muscles and a surge of pleasure.

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Resolution Phase

The final phase of sexual response, where the body returns to its resting state after arousal. It is characterized by a gradual decrease in physical arousal and a return to normal physiological functions.

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Thalassemia

A group of inherited disorders affecting red blood cells, causing a deficiency in hemoglobin and leading to anemia.

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Cystic Fibrosis

A genetic disorder causing thick, sticky mucus buildup in the lungs and other organs, leading to respiratory problems.

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Hemophilia A

A genetic condition that leads to a deficiency in clotting factor VIII, resulting in a decreased ability to clot blood.

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Sickle Cell Anemia

A genetic condition causing abnormal hemoglobin, leading to misshapen red blood cells and causing pain, fatigue, and potential organ damage.

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Fragile X Syndrome

A genetic disorder associated with intellectual disability, physical features such as large ears and a long face, and learning challenges.

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Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

An inherited disorder affecting the adrenal glands, leading to insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone, causing hormonal imbalances.

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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

An inherited disorder that causes muscle weakness, often affecting boys, leading to eventual inability to walk and affecting heart and respiratory muscles.

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Myotonic Dystrophy

A genetic disorder causing muscle weakness, affecting facial, neck, and limb muscles, and leading to difficulty swallowing and speaking.

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Study Notes

Landmarks of the Pelvis

  • Nine key landmarks are identified on the pelvis.
  • These include the sacral promontory, ala or wings of the sacrum, sacroiliac joint, iliopectineal line, iliopubic eminence, pectineal line, pubic tubercle, pubic crest, and symphysis pubis.

Pelvic Ligaments

  • Various ligaments support and stabilize the pelvic structures.
  • These include the sacrotuberous ligament, anterior longitudinal ligament, iliolumbar ligament, anterior sacroiliac ligament, inguinal ligament, and sacrospinous ligament.

Types of Pelvis

  • Four common types of female pelvis are identified based on shape.
  • These are gynecoid, android, anthropoid, and platypelloid.
  • Gynecoid is the most common type, favorable for vaginal birth.

Diameters of Pelvis

  • Measurements of the pelvic diameters are crucial for evaluating the possibility of vaginal delivery.
  • These include the true/anatomical conjugate (11 cm), obstetric conjugate (10cm), diagonal conjugate (12 cm) , right oblique diameter (12cm), left oblique diameter (13cm), transverse diameter (12cm), and anteroposterior diameters (12cm) .

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Landmarks of Pelvis & Types of Pelvis PDF

Description

Explore the essential landmarks, ligaments, and types of the pelvis in this informative quiz. Understand the significance of pelvic diameters in relation to childbirth and the unique characteristics of each pelvic type. This quiz is a comprehensive overview for students of anatomy.

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