Peloponnesian War and Ancient Greek City-States
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Questions and Answers

What event led to Sparta declaring war on Athens in 431 BC?

  • The failure of the Syracuse expedition
  • Athens converting the Delian League into an empire (correct)
  • The defeat of the Athenian Navy at Euboea
  • A plague outbreak in Athens
  • What factor significantly weakened Athens during the Peloponnesian War?

  • The defeat of the Athenian Navy at Euboea
  • A plague outbreak brought in by tainted grain (correct)
  • Sparta's scarcity of resources
  • The failure of the Syracuse expedition
  • Which city-state was renowned for its military strength as an infantry force?

  • Corinth
  • Athens
  • Syracuse
  • Sparta (correct)
  • What led to Athens' attempt to conquer Syracuse?

    <p>The defeat of the Athenian Navy at Euboea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did Athens implement to weaken Sparta during the Peloponnesian War?

    <p>Blockade strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who switched sides and fought for Sparta during the Peloponnesian War?

    <p>Alcibiades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ended with the 50-year Peace of Callias?

    <p>The war between Athens and Sparta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Athens form and convert into an empire through tribute from members?

    <p>Delian League</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the rebellion and trade conflicts faced by Corinth due to Athens' expansion?

    <p>Athens' expansion and dominance in the maritime arena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What weakened Athens significantly during the Peloponnesian War?

    <p>Plague outbreak brought in by tainted grain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused revolts in Ionia during the Peloponnesian War?

    <p>Athens raising tribute leading to revolts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What resource became scarce leading to the short-lived hegemony of Sparta?

    <p>Spartan infantry force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Athens renowned for in terms of military power?

    <p>Naval power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Athens and Sparta, two powerful ancient Greek city-states, engaged in a long-lasting conflict known as the Peloponnesian War.
    • Athens, a naval power, had previously defeated the Persians at sea in the Persian Wars.
    • Sparta, an infantry force, was renowned for its military strength.
    • Athens formed the Delian League, converting it into an empire through tribute from members.
    • Corinth, a dominant maritime power before Athens, faced rebellion and trade conflicts due to Athens' expansion.
    • The first Peloponnesian War (15 years) ended with a fragile peace.
    • Hostility between Athens and Corinth continued, leading Sparta to declare war on Athens in 431 BC to end the Athenian Empire.
    • Athens implemented a blockade strategy, cutting off Sparta's trade and supplies.
    • A plague outbreak in Athens, brought in by tainted grain, weakened the city significantly.
    • The war ended with the 50-year Peace of Callias, which never fully took effect.
    • Athens, weakened by the plague and losses, attempted to conquer Syracuse.
    • The failure of the Syracuse expedition led to the raising of tribute, causing revolts in Ionia.
    • Alcibiades, Athenian statesman, switched sides and fought for Sparta, receiving Persian support to build a stronger navy.
    • Sparta decisively defeated the Athenian Navy at Euboea, leading to Athens' surrender and Spartan hegemony over Greece.
    • Sparta's hegemony was short-lived as its primary resource, Spartan warriors, became scarce.
    • Philip of Macedon eventually conquered the Greek city-states.
    • Sparta's weakness led to the rise of Philip of Macedon, the father of Alexander the Great.

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    Test your knowledge of the Peloponnesian War and the conflict between Athens and Sparta, two powerful ancient Greek city-states. Explore the key events, strategies, and outcomes of this significant historical conflict.

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