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Questions and Answers
Which type of scabies is characterized by severe cases with crusted lesions?
Which type of scabies is characterized by severe cases with crusted lesions?
Pediculosis is caused by a mite similar to those that cause scabies.
Pediculosis is caused by a mite similar to those that cause scabies.
False
What is the primary treatment option for crusted scabies?
What is the primary treatment option for crusted scabies?
Topical scabicides or oral ivermectin
The parasitic infestation caused by lice is known as __________.
The parasitic infestation caused by lice is known as __________.
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Match the following characteristics with their associated scabies type:
Match the following characteristics with their associated scabies type:
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What is the common age range for children affected by Pediculosis Capitis?
What is the common age range for children affected by Pediculosis Capitis?
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Pediculosis Capitis is caused by winged insects.
Pediculosis Capitis is caused by winged insects.
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What type of environment do the insects responsible for Pediculosis Capitis typically inhabit?
What type of environment do the insects responsible for Pediculosis Capitis typically inhabit?
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Pediculosis Capitis is caused by ________ insects that are bloodsucking and wingless.
Pediculosis Capitis is caused by ________ insects that are bloodsucking and wingless.
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Match the following characteristics with their description in relation to Pediculosis Capitis:
Match the following characteristics with their description in relation to Pediculosis Capitis:
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What is the main symptom of Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice)?
What is the main symptom of Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice)?
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A nit is a type of egg that is cemented to a hair shaft.
A nit is a type of egg that is cemented to a hair shaft.
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What facilitates the passive transfer of lice to fabric?
What facilitates the passive transfer of lice to fabric?
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The presence of a __ is a common clinical feature associated with head lice.
The presence of a __ is a common clinical feature associated with head lice.
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Match the following lice-related terms with their definitions:
Match the following lice-related terms with their definitions:
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What is a common symptom of scabies?
What is a common symptom of scabies?
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Pediculosis is primarily caused by mites.
Pediculosis is primarily caused by mites.
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What is the main method of transmission for scabies?
What is the main method of transmission for scabies?
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To prevent scabies, it is important to maintain __________ hygiene.
To prevent scabies, it is important to maintain __________ hygiene.
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Match the symptom with the correct condition:
Match the symptom with the correct condition:
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Which of the following is a topical treatment for pediculosis?
Which of the following is a topical treatment for pediculosis?
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Re-treatment after 7-10 days is often unnecessary in pediculosis treatment.
Re-treatment after 7-10 days is often unnecessary in pediculosis treatment.
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What psychological effects can scabies cause?
What psychological effects can scabies cause?
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How long does it take for scabies larvae to mature into nymphs after hatching?
How long does it take for scabies larvae to mature into nymphs after hatching?
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In which areas of the body is scabies rash most commonly found?
In which areas of the body is scabies rash most commonly found?
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What is a major risk factor for the transmission of pediculosis?
What is a major risk factor for the transmission of pediculosis?
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Which type of lice is most commonly found in infants and children?
Which type of lice is most commonly found in infants and children?
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What can result from scratching scabies lesions?
What can result from scratching scabies lesions?
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What specific areas require special care when applying antiscabitic agents?
What specific areas require special care when applying antiscabitic agents?
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Why is thorough application of antiscabitic agents important?
Why is thorough application of antiscabitic agents important?
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Which of the following refers to the area that should receive special attention during scabies treatment?
Which of the following refers to the area that should receive special attention during scabies treatment?
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In the context of scabies treatment, what is a key characteristic of the application process?
In the context of scabies treatment, what is a key characteristic of the application process?
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What should not be overlooked when treating scabies with antiscabitic agents?
What should not be overlooked when treating scabies with antiscabitic agents?
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Which of the following treatments is considered more effective for head lice?
Which of the following treatments is considered more effective for head lice?
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How long should lotions or creams be left on the scalp for effective treatment of head lice?
How long should lotions or creams be left on the scalp for effective treatment of head lice?
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Which of the following conditions is a differential diagnosis for head lice infestation?
Which of the following conditions is a differential diagnosis for head lice infestation?
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What is the primary method of application for shampoo treatments in pediculosis capitis?
What is the primary method of application for shampoo treatments in pediculosis capitis?
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Which of the following is a potential symptom indicating head lice infestation?
Which of the following is a potential symptom indicating head lice infestation?
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Which louse is associated with the scalp?
Which louse is associated with the scalp?
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What is the approximate life span of an adult louse?
What is the approximate life span of an adult louse?
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What is the recommended duration for applying sulfur in petrolatum as a treatment?
What is the recommended duration for applying sulfur in petrolatum as a treatment?
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What is true about the safety of using sulfur in petrolatum for treatment?
What is true about the safety of using sulfur in petrolatum for treatment?
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Which type of lice is also known as the body louse?
Which type of lice is also known as the body louse?
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What is another name for pubic lice?
What is another name for pubic lice?
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How long should the sulfur treatment be left on the skin before washing off?
How long should the sulfur treatment be left on the skin before washing off?
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What is the percentage of precipitated sulfur in petrolatum that ensures safety and effectiveness?
What is the percentage of precipitated sulfur in petrolatum that ensures safety and effectiveness?
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How many clinical types of pediculosis are identified in the lice genera mentioned?
How many clinical types of pediculosis are identified in the lice genera mentioned?
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What should be the nature of the substance used when applying sulfur for treatment?
What should be the nature of the substance used when applying sulfur for treatment?
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What characteristic is most associated with burrows in scabies?
What characteristic is most associated with burrows in scabies?
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Which of the following is true regarding the appearance of burrows?
Which of the following is true regarding the appearance of burrows?
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Which statement about the size of burrows is accurate?
Which statement about the size of burrows is accurate?
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Which of the following properly describes the coloration of burrows?
Which of the following properly describes the coloration of burrows?
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What shape can burrows in scabies lesions exhibit?
What shape can burrows in scabies lesions exhibit?
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Study Notes
Pediculosis
- Parasitic infestation caused by lice (Pediculus)
- Pediculosis Capitis is caused by bloodsucking, wingless, six-legged insects
- Pediculosis Capitis most commonly affects children between 3-12 years old
- Lice can be transferred through air movement, blow-dryers, combs, towels, and fabrics
- Nits are cemented to hair shafts
Clinical Features of Pediculosis Capitis
- Itching is the primary symptom
- Excoriation due to scratching
- Secondary bacterial infections are possible
- Papules can appear on the back of the neck
- Masses can form
Crusted Scabies
- Superinfected scabies is another name for this condition
Scabies
- Symptoms: Intense itching, especially at night, a red, pimple-like rash in skin folds, and tiny, raised, grayish lines called burrows on the skin.
- Diagnosis: Made by observing symptoms, patient history, and microscopic examination of skin scrapings.
- Treatment: Topical treatments like permethrin cream and benzyl benzoate lotion, and oral medications like ivermectin for severe cases. Itching may persist for weeks after treatment.
- Transmission: Primarily through direct skin-to-skin contact, but also possible through sharing clothing, bedding, or towels.
- Prevention: Regular bathing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and washing clothing and bedding in hot water.
- Public Health Impact: Prevalence is high in overcrowded living conditions, contributing to secondary infections due to scratching and skin damage, and causing psychological effects.
Pediculosis (Head Lice)
- Symptoms: Itching caused by an allergic reaction to lice bites, visible lice or nits (eggs) attached to hair shafts.
- Diagnosis: Visual inspection of the scalp and hair, often confirmed by finding live lice or nits.
- Treatment: Topical treatments like pyrethrin-based products, permethrin lotion, or manual removal with a fine-toothed comb. Retreatment may be necessary after 7-10 days.
- Transmission: Primarily through direct head-to-head contact, but also possible through sharing personal items like hats, brushes, or bedding.
- Prevention: Avoiding sharing personal items, regular checks for lice, especially in children or outbreak areas, and raising awareness about transmission and treatment options.
- Public Health Impact: Common in school-age children, leading to school absenteeism and causing social stigma, psychological distress, and potential for skin infections.
Scabies Life Cycle
- Female mites burrow into the skin, lay 2-3 eggs each day.
- Eggs hatch in 2-3 days, producing larvae.
- Larvae move to the skin surface and develop into nymphs.
- Nymphs mature into adult mites in approximately 10-14 days.
- Adult mites live for several weeks. Primarily in the epidermis.
Scabies Clinical Features
- Intense itching, especially at night due to the immune response.
- Red, pimple-like lesions often in burrows, between fingers and skin folds.
- Secondary infections are possible due to scratching; can lead to bacterial infections.
- Common affected areas include wrists, elbows, armpits, and buttocks.
Scabies Epidemiology
- Common worldwide, affecting all socioeconomic classes.
- Transmission occurs through close skin-to-skin contact and can spread in crowded environments like schools or institutions.
- Higher incidence occurs in children and immunocompromised individuals.
Pediculosis Types
- Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infests the scalp and is common in children.
- Body Lice (Pediculus humanus corporis) infests clothing and is associated with poor hygiene and overcrowding.
- Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis) infests the pubic and genital areas and is often transmitted through sexual contact.
Pediculosis Transmission and Prevention
-
Transmission:
- Direct contact with infested individuals.
- Shared personal items like hats, combs, and clothing.
- Sexual contact for pubic lice.
-
Prevention:
- Avoid sharing personal items.
- Regularly wash clothing and bedding.
- Teach proper hygiene practices.
- Treat infected individuals and their close contacts promptly.
Scabies Treatment
- Antiscabitic agents should be applied thoroughly to all areas below the neck, with special attention to burrow-bearing areas.
- 5-10% precipitated sulfur in petrolatum is a safe and effective treatment for scabies.
- Sulfur treatment is safe for babies, pregnant women, and lactating women.
- Apply sulfur nightly for 3 nights and wash off 24 hours after the last application.
Pediculosis (Lice Infestation)
- There are three clinical types of pediculosis caused by two genera of lice:
- Pediculus humanus var capitis (Scalp louse)
- Pediculus humanus var corporis (Body louse)
- Pediculus pubis (Phthirus pubis) (Pubic louse)
- The adult louse's lifespan is approximately one month.
- Heavy scalp infestation can cause a bad odor.
Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice) Treatment
- Differential Diagnosis: Psoriasis, Seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff), Piedra (fungal infection), Delusions of parasitosis encircling the hair
-
Treatment: Apply one of the following pediculocides:
- Pyrithrin Shampoo
- Permethrin Rinse [1%] (Lotions are more effective than shampoos)
- Malathion Lotion [0.5%]
- Lindane Shampoo or Cream [1%]
- Apply any of these agents to the scalp and leave for 10 minutes for shampoos or 8-12 hours for lotions/creams, then wash off.
Scabies Lesions
- Primary Lesions: Burrows and vesicles
-
Burrows:
- Pathognomonic (characteristic) lesions of scabies
- Short (5-15 mm), grayish or skin-colored, slightly elevated lesions
- Linear, curved, or S-shaped
- Few to many burrows present
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Description
This quiz covers essential information about pediculosis, specifically Pediculosis Capitis caused by lice, and its clinical features. It also addresses crusted scabies, including symptoms and transmission methods. Test your knowledge on these common parasitic infestations and their impact on individuals, particularly children.