Pediculosis and Crusted Scabies Overview
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Pediculosis and Crusted Scabies Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which type of scabies is characterized by severe cases with crusted lesions?

  • Mild scabies
  • Common scabies
  • Crusted scabies (correct)
  • Superinfected scabies

    • Pediculosis is caused by a mite similar to those that cause scabies.

    False

    What is the primary treatment option for crusted scabies?

    Topical scabicides or oral ivermectin

    The parasitic infestation caused by lice is known as __________.

    <p>Pediculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with their associated scabies type:

    <p>Superinfected scabies = Secondarily infected lesions Crusted scabies = Thick crusted lesions Mites = Pediculus lice Symptoms = Itching and rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common age range for children affected by Pediculosis Capitis?

    <p>3-12 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pediculosis Capitis is caused by winged insects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment do the insects responsible for Pediculosis Capitis typically inhabit?

    <p>Hairs of the scalp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pediculosis Capitis is caused by ________ insects that are bloodsucking and wingless.

    <p>six-legged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with their description in relation to Pediculosis Capitis:

    <p>Bloodsucking = Insects feed on the host's blood Infestation = The presence of parasites on the scalp Transmission = Spread through direct head-to-head contact Symptoms = Itching and discomfort on the scalp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice)?

    <p>Itching of variable degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nit is a type of egg that is cemented to a hair shaft.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What facilitates the passive transfer of lice to fabric?

    <p>Air movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of a __ is a common clinical feature associated with head lice.

    <p>papule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following lice-related terms with their definitions:

    <p>Lice infestation = Presence of lice on the scalp Nits = Eggs of lice cemented to hair Excoriation = Skin damage caused by scratching LAP = Lymphadenopathy, often secondary to infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of scabies?

    <p>Intense itching, especially at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pediculosis is primarily caused by mites.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method of transmission for scabies?

    <p>Direct skin-to-skin contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To prevent scabies, it is important to maintain __________ hygiene.

    <p>personal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the symptom with the correct condition:

    <p>Itching caused by lice bites = Pediculosis Intensity of itching at night = Scabies Pimple-like rash in skin folds = Scabies Visible lice or nits = Pediculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a topical treatment for pediculosis?

    <p>Permethrin lotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Re-treatment after 7-10 days is often unnecessary in pediculosis treatment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological effects can scabies cause?

    <p>Stigma and discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for scabies larvae to mature into nymphs after hatching?

    <p>10-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which areas of the body is scabies rash most commonly found?

    <p>Fingers and skin folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk factor for the transmission of pediculosis?

    <p>Sharing personal items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lice is most commonly found in infants and children?

    <p>Head Lice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from scratching scabies lesions?

    <p>Bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific areas require special care when applying antiscabitic agents?

    <p>Burrow-bearing areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is thorough application of antiscabitic agents important?

    <p>To ensure maximum effectiveness below the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following refers to the area that should receive special attention during scabies treatment?

    <p>Burrow-bearing areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of scabies treatment, what is a key characteristic of the application process?

    <p>It must cover all areas below the neck thoroughly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should not be overlooked when treating scabies with antiscabitic agents?

    <p>Burrow-bearing areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is considered more effective for head lice?

    <p>Malathion Lotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should lotions or creams be left on the scalp for effective treatment of head lice?

    <p>8-12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is a differential diagnosis for head lice infestation?

    <p>Seborrheic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of application for shampoo treatments in pediculosis capitis?

    <p>Spread evenly on the hair and scalp and leave for 10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential symptom indicating head lice infestation?

    <p>Severe itching with a bad odor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which louse is associated with the scalp?

    <p>Pediculus humanus var capitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate life span of an adult louse?

    <p>One month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for applying sulfur in petrolatum as a treatment?

    <p>Three nights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the safety of using sulfur in petrolatum for treatment?

    <p>It is safe for babies, pregnant and lactating women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lice is also known as the body louse?

    <p>Pediculus humanus var corporis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for pubic lice?

    <p>Phthirus pubis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should the sulfur treatment be left on the skin before washing off?

    <p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of precipitated sulfur in petrolatum that ensures safety and effectiveness?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many clinical types of pediculosis are identified in the lice genera mentioned?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the nature of the substance used when applying sulfur for treatment?

    <p>Cream or gel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is most associated with burrows in scabies?

    <p>They are linear and curved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the appearance of burrows?

    <p>Burrows vary in number from few to many.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the size of burrows is accurate?

    <p>Burrows typically range from 5-15 mm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properly describes the coloration of burrows?

    <p>They can be grayish or skin-colored.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape can burrows in scabies lesions exhibit?

    <p>Curved or S-shaped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pediculosis

    • Parasitic infestation caused by lice (Pediculus)
    • Pediculosis Capitis is caused by bloodsucking, wingless, six-legged insects
    • Pediculosis Capitis most commonly affects children between 3-12 years old
    • Lice can be transferred through air movement, blow-dryers, combs, towels, and fabrics
    • Nits are cemented to hair shafts

    Clinical Features of Pediculosis Capitis

    • Itching is the primary symptom
    • Excoriation due to scratching
    • Secondary bacterial infections are possible
    • Papules can appear on the back of the neck
    • Masses can form

    Crusted Scabies

    • Superinfected scabies is another name for this condition

    Scabies

    • Symptoms: Intense itching, especially at night, a red, pimple-like rash in skin folds, and tiny, raised, grayish lines called burrows on the skin.
    • Diagnosis: Made by observing symptoms, patient history, and microscopic examination of skin scrapings.
    • Treatment: Topical treatments like permethrin cream and benzyl benzoate lotion, and oral medications like ivermectin for severe cases. Itching may persist for weeks after treatment.
    • Transmission: Primarily through direct skin-to-skin contact, but also possible through sharing clothing, bedding, or towels.
    • Prevention: Regular bathing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and washing clothing and bedding in hot water.
    • Public Health Impact: Prevalence is high in overcrowded living conditions, contributing to secondary infections due to scratching and skin damage, and causing psychological effects.

    Pediculosis (Head Lice)

    • Symptoms: Itching caused by an allergic reaction to lice bites, visible lice or nits (eggs) attached to hair shafts.
    • Diagnosis: Visual inspection of the scalp and hair, often confirmed by finding live lice or nits.
    • Treatment: Topical treatments like pyrethrin-based products, permethrin lotion, or manual removal with a fine-toothed comb. Retreatment may be necessary after 7-10 days.
    • Transmission: Primarily through direct head-to-head contact, but also possible through sharing personal items like hats, brushes, or bedding.
    • Prevention: Avoiding sharing personal items, regular checks for lice, especially in children or outbreak areas, and raising awareness about transmission and treatment options.
    • Public Health Impact: Common in school-age children, leading to school absenteeism and causing social stigma, psychological distress, and potential for skin infections.

    Scabies Life Cycle

    • Female mites burrow into the skin, lay 2-3 eggs each day.
    • Eggs hatch in 2-3 days, producing larvae.
    • Larvae move to the skin surface and develop into nymphs.
    • Nymphs mature into adult mites in approximately 10-14 days.
    • Adult mites live for several weeks. Primarily in the epidermis.

    Scabies Clinical Features

    • Intense itching, especially at night due to the immune response.
    • Red, pimple-like lesions often in burrows, between fingers and skin folds.
    • Secondary infections are possible due to scratching; can lead to bacterial infections.
    • Common affected areas include wrists, elbows, armpits, and buttocks.

    Scabies Epidemiology

    • Common worldwide, affecting all socioeconomic classes.
    • Transmission occurs through close skin-to-skin contact and can spread in crowded environments like schools or institutions.
    • Higher incidence occurs in children and immunocompromised individuals.

    Pediculosis Types

    • Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infests the scalp and is common in children.
    • Body Lice (Pediculus humanus corporis) infests clothing and is associated with poor hygiene and overcrowding.
    • Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis) infests the pubic and genital areas and is often transmitted through sexual contact.

    Pediculosis Transmission and Prevention

    • Transmission:
      • Direct contact with infested individuals.
      • Shared personal items like hats, combs, and clothing.
      • Sexual contact for pubic lice.
    • Prevention:
      • Avoid sharing personal items.
      • Regularly wash clothing and bedding.
      • Teach proper hygiene practices.
      • Treat infected individuals and their close contacts promptly.

    Scabies Treatment

    • Antiscabitic agents should be applied thoroughly to all areas below the neck, with special attention to burrow-bearing areas.
    • 5-10% precipitated sulfur in petrolatum is a safe and effective treatment for scabies.
    • Sulfur treatment is safe for babies, pregnant women, and lactating women.
    • Apply sulfur nightly for 3 nights and wash off 24 hours after the last application.

    Pediculosis (Lice Infestation)

    • There are three clinical types of pediculosis caused by two genera of lice:
      • Pediculus humanus var capitis (Scalp louse)
      • Pediculus humanus var corporis (Body louse)
      • Pediculus pubis (Phthirus pubis) (Pubic louse)
    • The adult louse's lifespan is approximately one month.
    • Heavy scalp infestation can cause a bad odor.

    Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice) Treatment

    • Differential Diagnosis: Psoriasis, Seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff), Piedra (fungal infection), Delusions of parasitosis encircling the hair
    • Treatment: Apply one of the following pediculocides:
      • Pyrithrin Shampoo
      • Permethrin Rinse [1%] (Lotions are more effective than shampoos)
      • Malathion Lotion [0.5%]
      • Lindane Shampoo or Cream [1%]
    • Apply any of these agents to the scalp and leave for 10 minutes for shampoos or 8-12 hours for lotions/creams, then wash off.

    Scabies Lesions

    • Primary Lesions: Burrows and vesicles
    • Burrows:
      • Pathognomonic (characteristic) lesions of scabies
      • Short (5-15 mm), grayish or skin-colored, slightly elevated lesions
      • Linear, curved, or S-shaped
      • Few to many burrows present

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential information about pediculosis, specifically Pediculosis Capitis caused by lice, and its clinical features. It also addresses crusted scabies, including symptoms and transmission methods. Test your knowledge on these common parasitic infestations and their impact on individuals, particularly children.

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