Podcast
Questions and Answers
At what age are the maxillary sinuses in children well developed?
At what age are the maxillary sinuses in children well developed?
- at birth
- by 2 years
- by 1 year
- by 7 years (correct)
What is the ratio between respiratory rate and pulse rate in healthy children over 1 year of age?
What is the ratio between respiratory rate and pulse rate in healthy children over 1 year of age?
- 1:4 (correct)
- 1:2
- 1:3
- 1:1
What is the color index up to 1 month of age?
What is the color index up to 1 month of age?
- 1.1-1.2 (correct)
- 0.95
- 0.95-1.1
- 0.8
What is characteristic of the first and second 'crossovers' of leukocytes?
What is characteristic of the first and second 'crossovers' of leukocytes?
At what age does the period of first extension (growth acceleration) occur in boys?
At what age does the period of first extension (growth acceleration) occur in boys?
At what age is the lower edge of the liver along the right midclavicular line not palpable?
At what age is the lower edge of the liver along the right midclavicular line not palpable?
Where is the best place to listen to a systolic murmur with a high ventricular septal defect?
Where is the best place to listen to a systolic murmur with a high ventricular septal defect?
What is the characteristic heart murmur of patent ductus arteriosus?
What is the characteristic heart murmur of patent ductus arteriosus?
What is the basis for determining the nutritional requirements of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats?
What is the basis for determining the nutritional requirements of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats?
What is the average body weight of a full-term newborn baby?
What is the average body weight of a full-term newborn baby?
What is the average body length of a full-term newborn baby?
What is the average body length of a full-term newborn baby?
What is the average length of a 1-year-old child?
What is the average length of a 1-year-old child?
What is the definition of free-feeding in infants?
What is the definition of free-feeding in infants?
What is the primary goal of complementary feeding in infants?
What is the primary goal of complementary feeding in infants?
What is the average daily amount of nutrition for a child in the 2nd half of life?
What is the average daily amount of nutrition for a child in the 2nd half of life?
What is the normal ESR value in newborns?
What is the normal ESR value in newborns?
What is the predominant intestinal flora in breastfed babies?
What is the predominant intestinal flora in breastfed babies?
What percentage of deficiency is seen in severe growth retardation?
What percentage of deficiency is seen in severe growth retardation?
What is the volume of stool based on the volume of food eaten in a breastfed infant?
What is the volume of stool based on the volume of food eaten in a breastfed infant?
What is the hemoglobin concentration in moderate anemia?
What is the hemoglobin concentration in moderate anemia?
What is the normal serum iron concentration in children?
What is the normal serum iron concentration in children?
When is blood taken for general analysis in the morning?
When is blood taken for general analysis in the morning?
What is the volume of a child's stomach at 3 months?
What is the volume of a child's stomach at 3 months?
What is the pH of the gastric juice of an infant?
What is the pH of the gastric juice of an infant?
What is the respiratory rate per minute in a healthy 1-year-old child?
What is the respiratory rate per minute in a healthy 1-year-old child?
What is oliguria?
What is oliguria?
At what age does the conditioned reflex to prepare for feeding begin to develop?
At what age does the conditioned reflex to prepare for feeding begin to develop?
At what age does an infant begin to roll over from tummy to back?
At what age does an infant begin to roll over from tummy to back?
At what age does the fetus begin to breathe and suck?
At what age does the fetus begin to breathe and suck?
How long is the newborn's spinal cord?
How long is the newborn's spinal cord?
How long does the preschool period of childhood last?
How long does the preschool period of childhood last?
During high school age, which system undergoes significant restructuring?
During high school age, which system undergoes significant restructuring?
At what age is the fetus considered viable?
At what age is the fetus considered viable?
At what age does the taste organ become completely differentiated?
At what age does the taste organ become completely differentiated?
At what age do children typically know the names of body parts?
At what age do children typically know the names of body parts?
When do children begin to follow the movement of an object?
When do children begin to follow the movement of an object?
At what age do fine skills, such as knitting or embroidering, begin to develop?
At what age do fine skills, such as knitting or embroidering, begin to develop?
What is the average protein content in a liter of human milk?
What is the average protein content in a liter of human milk?
What is the average duration of breastfeeding?
What is the average duration of breastfeeding?
What promotes growth in the intestine, according to the content of human milk?
What promotes growth in the intestine, according to the content of human milk?
What is the minimum recommended percentage of mother's milk in the daily diet?
What is the minimum recommended percentage of mother's milk in the daily diet?
How much energy does colostrum contain per 100 ml?
How much energy does colostrum contain per 100 ml?
Study Notes
Newborns
- ESR (mm/hour) in newborns is 10 + 5
- In severe growth retardation, deficiency is more than 20%
Stool Volume
- Breastfed infant: 2% of food eaten
- Bottle-fed infant: 8-10% of food eaten
- Mixed-fed infant: 5-6% of food eaten
Hemoglobin Concentration
- Moderate anemia: 90-70 g/l
Serum Iron Concentration
- Normal serum iron concentration in children: 10.6-33.6 µmol /l
Blood Sampling
- Blood sampling is typically done in the morning on an empty stomach in conditions of relative rest
Stomach Volume
- Volume of a child's stomach at 3 months: 100-120 ml
Gastric Juice pH
- pH of gastric juice of an infant: 4.5-5.5
Surfactant Production
- Surfactant is produced by type II alveolocytes
Puerile Breathing
- Puerile breathing is heard in healthy children before 7 years old
Urinalysis
- Normally, there are 0-3 red blood cells in a general urine test
- Normally, there are fewer than 100,000 bacteria in 1 ml of urine
Respiratory Rate
- Newborn: 40-60 breaths per minute
- 1 year old: 30-35 breaths per minute
- 5 year old: 25 breaths per minute
- 10 year old: 18-20 breaths per minute
Pyuria Syndrome
- Pyuria syndrome is characterized by leukocytes and bacteria in urine
Mediastinal Shift
- Shift of the mediastinum towards the lesion can be observed with pulmonary atelectasis
Alveolar Development
- Particularly intensive development of alveoli occurs from birth to 2 years old
Lung Segments
- Left lung consists of 9 segments
- Right lung consists of 10 segments
Oliguria
- Oliguria is a decrease in daily urine output
...and so on.
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Description
Test your knowledge of pediatrics with questions on ESR values, growth retardation, and stool volumes in breastfed and bottle-fed infants.
