Pediatrics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

At what age are the maxillary sinuses in children well developed?

at birth

by 2 years

by 1 year

by 7 years (correct)

What is the ratio between respiratory rate and pulse rate in healthy children over 1 year of age?

1:4 (correct)

1:2

1:3

1:1

What is the color index up to 1 month of age?

1.1-1.2 (correct)

0.95

0.95-1.1

0.8

What is characteristic of the first and second 'crossovers' of leukocytes?

Equal percentage of lymphocytes and all neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the period of first extension (growth acceleration) occur in boys?

4-6 years Signup and view all the answers

At what age is the lower edge of the liver along the right midclavicular line not palpable?

7 years Signup and view all the answers

Where is the best place to listen to a systolic murmur with a high ventricular septal defect?

IV intercostal space at the left edge of the sternum Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic heart murmur of patent ductus arteriosus?

Continuous machinery murmur Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for determining the nutritional requirements of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats?

Actual weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the average body weight of a full-term newborn baby?

3300-3600 g Signup and view all the answers

What is the average body length of a full-term newborn baby?

50-52 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of a 1-year-old child?

75 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of free-feeding in infants?

Feeding on demand Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of complementary feeding in infants?

To introduce new food products different from milk Signup and view all the answers

What is the average daily amount of nutrition for a child in the 2nd half of life?

1000 ml Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal ESR value in newborns?

10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant intestinal flora in breastfed babies?

Bifidum bacterin Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of deficiency is seen in severe growth retardation?

more than 20 Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of stool based on the volume of food eaten in a breastfed infant?

2% Signup and view all the answers

What is the hemoglobin concentration in moderate anemia?

90-70 g/l Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal serum iron concentration in children?

10.6-33.6 µmol /l Signup and view all the answers

When is blood taken for general analysis in the morning?

in conditions of relative rest Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of a child's stomach at 3 months?

100-120 ml Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of the gastric juice of an infant?

4.5-5.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the respiratory rate per minute in a healthy 1-year-old child?

30-35 Signup and view all the answers

What is oliguria?

decrease in daily urine output Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the conditioned reflex to prepare for feeding begin to develop?

2-3 weeks Signup and view all the answers

At what age does an infant begin to roll over from tummy to back?

3-5 months Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the fetus begin to breathe and suck?

22-24 weeks Signup and view all the answers

How long is the newborn's spinal cord?

14 cm Signup and view all the answers

How long does the preschool period of childhood last?

From 1 year to 3 years Signup and view all the answers

During high school age, which system undergoes significant restructuring?

Endocrine Signup and view all the answers

At what age is the fetus considered viable?

22 weeks Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the taste organ become completely differentiated?

4 months Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children typically know the names of body parts?

1.5 years Signup and view all the answers

When do children begin to follow the movement of an object?

10 days Signup and view all the answers

At what age do fine skills, such as knitting or embroidering, begin to develop?

6-7 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the average protein content in a liter of human milk?

15.0 g Signup and view all the answers

What is the average duration of breastfeeding?

20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What promotes growth in the intestine, according to the content of human milk?

Bifidoflora Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum recommended percentage of mother's milk in the daily diet?

80% Signup and view all the answers

How much energy does colostrum contain per 100 ml?

150 kcal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Newborns

ESR (mm/hour) in newborns is 10 + 5
In severe growth retardation, deficiency is more than 20%

Stool Volume

Breastfed infant: 2% of food eaten
Bottle-fed infant: 8-10% of food eaten
Mixed-fed infant: 5-6% of food eaten

Hemoglobin Concentration

Moderate anemia: 90-70 g/l

Serum Iron Concentration

Normal serum iron concentration in children: 10.6-33.6 µmol /l

Blood Sampling

Blood sampling is typically done in the morning on an empty stomach in conditions of relative rest

Stomach Volume

Volume of a child's stomach at 3 months: 100-120 ml

Gastric Juice pH

pH of gastric juice of an infant: 4.5-5.5

Surfactant Production

Surfactant is produced by type II alveolocytes

Puerile Breathing

Puerile breathing is heard in healthy children before 7 years old

Urinalysis

Normally, there are 0-3 red blood cells in a general urine test
Normally, there are fewer than 100,000 bacteria in 1 ml of urine

Respiratory Rate

Newborn: 40-60 breaths per minute
1 year old: 30-35 breaths per minute
5 year old: 25 breaths per minute
10 year old: 18-20 breaths per minute

Pyuria Syndrome

Pyuria syndrome is characterized by leukocytes and bacteria in urine

Mediastinal Shift

Shift of the mediastinum towards the lesion can be observed with pulmonary atelectasis

Alveolar Development

Particularly intensive development of alveoli occurs from birth to 2 years old

Lung Segments

Left lung consists of 9 segments
Right lung consists of 10 segments

Oliguria

Oliguria is a decrease in daily urine output

...and so on.

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Description

Test your knowledge of pediatrics with questions on ESR values, growth retardation, and stool volumes in breastfed and bottle-fed infants.