Pediatrics Quiz

Month of Extrauterine Life

• The first month of extrauterine life is a period of adaptation to extrauterine life
• The second month of extrauterine life is a period of stabilization
• The fourth month of extrauterine life is a period of active growth and development
• The fifth and sixth months of extrauterine life are periods of rapid growth and development

Blood Pressure

• Diastolic blood pressure is 1/2 to 2/3 of systolic blood pressure
• Blood pressure in the legs is higher than in the arms by 10-20 mmHg
• In a one-year-old child, the volume of the stomach is 250 ml

Digestion

• In the digestion of protein in infants, the greatest importance is chymosin (renin)
• Pepsinogen activator is hydrochloric acid
• Pepsinogen in the stomach is produced in main cells of the body

Health Issues

• Fountain vomiting is a sign of pyloric stenosis
• The lifespan of red blood cells in children is 80-120 days
• The average red blood cell diameter in older children is 7.2 µm
• The Price-Jones curve reflects variations in red blood cell diameter
• In young children, the breathing type heard during auscultation is puerile

Urine and Kidneys

• Urine the color of meat slop in children is observed when there is gross hematuria
• Hemoglobin F from 60-90% (in the neonatal period) decreases to 1-2% to 2-3 years
• The structure of the renal glomerulus in a child does not differ from its structure in adults after 5 years
• The weight of a newborn's kidney triples by the end of the first year of life
• Bladder capacity at 1 year is 35-50 ml and at 12-15 years is 300-400 ml

Heart and Blood

• The best place to listen to systolic murmur in case of atrial septal defect is II intercostal space to the left of the sternum
• Physiological mobility of the kidneys within the body is one vertebra
• In infants, the lower pole of the right kidney is determined at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra
• The total number of nephrons in the kidneys is approximately 2,000,000
• Cyanosis of the skin, mucous membrane of the lips and tongue appears when arterial blood oxygen saturation is less than 95%

Respiratory System

• True croup is observed with diphtheria of the larynx
• The first crossover in the leukocyte blood count in children is observed at the age of 4-5 days
• False croup most often occurs when there are acute respiratory viral diseases
• The maxillary sinuses in children are well developed by 7 years
• In healthy children over 1 year of age, the ratio between respiratory rate and pulse rate is 1:4

Development and Growth

• The period of first extension (growth acceleration) occurs at the age of 4-6 years for boys and 6-7 years for girls
• The lower edge of the liver along the right midclavicular line is not palpable with 7 years
• The best place to listen to systolic murmur with a high ventricular septal defect is IV intercostal space at the left edge of the sternum

Rickets

• The disease is characterized by the nature of its course as subacute
• Symptoms of the acute course of rickets include osteomalacia of bones
• Vitamin D is activated in the kidneys under the influence of hormones
• Closure of a large fontanel with rickets most often occurs in 20-25 months
• Specific prevention of rickets is prescribed for full-term infants from 2 months