Pediatrics Lecture: Vomiting & Upper GI Anomalies

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What is the recommended treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disorders in infants?

Metoclopramide

Thickened formula by cereals or rice (correct)

Prone position

Proton pump inhibitors

What is the name of the surgical operation indicated in gastroesophageal reflux disorders?

Esophageal repair

Tracheoesophageal fistula repair

Nissen Fundoplication (correct)

Gastroesophageal reflux surgery

What is the incidence of tracheoesophageal fistula?

1/1000 neonates

1/4000 neonates (correct)

1/100 neonates

1/10000 neonates

What is the underlying etiology of tracheoesophageal fistula?

Failure of complete separation of the primitive foregut into trachea and esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line drug treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disorders?

H2 blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux disorders?

Decreased pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disorders in infants?

7% of infants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following syndromes is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disorders?

Down syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the most reliable investigation for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disorders?

Esophageal 24 hrs. pH Probe Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of gastroesophageal reflux disorders?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disorders?

Clinically through symptoms and growth parameters Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of bilious emesis in neonates?

Presence of bile in the vomit Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of nonbilious emesis in neonates?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range when symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease typically peak?

4 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of pathologic reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Increased number of reflux episodes according to age-accepted norms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following congenital gastrointestinal anomalies is characterized by hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle?

Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for small, effortless mouthfuls of food or stomach contents?

Regurgitation Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula (TEF) cases are associated with VACTERL?

10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of Esophageal atresia?

Esophageal atresia with distal fistula Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for attempting to pass a nasogastric catheter in a newborn suspected of having TEF?

To assess for esophageal atresia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common radiologic feature of Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula?

Coiled catheter in the upper esophageal pouch Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of preoperative management for Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula?

Prone position and NG tube suction Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis?

Male gender and family history Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual age of onset of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

After 3 weeks of age Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the pyloric mass in congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Firm, movable, and olive-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic criterion for pyloric muscle thickness in congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Greater than 3 mm Signup and view all the answers