Pediatrics Approach: Respiratory and Cardiovascular System

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What is the primary approach to a neonate with cyanosis?

History and examination in pediatric CVS

What is the difference between cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart diseases?

Cyanotic heart diseases are characterized by a right-to-left shunt, resulting in decreased oxygenation, whereas acyanotic heart diseases are characterized by a left-to-right shunt, resulting in increased pulmonary blood flow.

What is the primary cause of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)?

Hypoxia and ischemia during the perinatal period

What is the primary symptom of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)?

Tachypnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary approach to diagnose cyanotic congenital heart diseases in a newborn?

Evaluating the infant's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as echocardiography and chest X-ray. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary approach to a child with hepatosplenomegaly?

Thorough history and physical examination Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the C.S.R approach in ethics?

To approach complex ethical dilemmas in a systematic and structured way Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children?

The location of the infection, with upper respiratory tract infections affecting the nose, throat, and ears, and lower respiratory tract infections affecting the lungs and airways. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of transient tachypnea of the newborn?

Slow absorption of fetal lung fluid, leading to respiratory distress in the newborn. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approach to diagnosing pyrexia of unknown origin in a child?

Taking a thorough medical history, performing a physical examination, and ordering diagnostic tests such as blood cultures and imaging studies to identify the underlying cause of the fever. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of hepatosplenomegaly in a child?

It can be a sign of underlying liver or spleen disease, or a manifestation of systemic illness such as infection or cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nuclear medicine in diagnosing congenital heart diseases in children?

It can be used to identify and evaluate cardiac function and structure, and to diagnose conditions such as cardiomyopathy and coronary artery anomalies. Signup and view all the answers