Pediatric Respiratory Care: Helium-Oxygen Mixtures
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary benefit of heliox therapy in reducing the work of breathing?

  • Decrease in carbon dioxide levels
  • Conversion of laminar flow to turbulent flow
  • Conversion of turbulent flow to laminar flow (correct)
  • Increase in oxygen levels

    • What is a condition that may delay the normal relaxation of the pulmonary bed?

  • Respiratory distress syndrome
  • Diaphragmatic hernia
  • Meconium aspiration syndrome
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is a key characteristic of helium that makes it safe for use in medical treatments?

  • It is highly reactive
  • It is a corrosive gas
  • It is inert and non-toxic (correct)
  • It is toxic in high concentrations

    • What is the therapeutic aim of iNO administration to pediatric patients with ARDS?

    <p>To reduce PH and intrapulmonary shunting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of combining helium with oxygen in medical treatments?

    <p>To make the mixture compatible with life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn do not respond or sustain a response to iNO?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the iNOmax DSIR?

    <p>To provide a constant dose of iNO to the inspiratory limb of the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failing to maintain a reliable air or oxygen gas source when using a blending system?

    <p>Administration of 100% helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Reynold's number (Re) that describes turbulent flow through a tube?

    <p>Re &gt;4000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered if oxygenation and hemodynamic parameters do not improve despite interventions?

    <p>ECMO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been demonstrated by multiple large studies regarding the effect of iNO?

    <p>An improvement in oxygenation and a reduction in the need for ECMO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mixture of helium and oxygen often referred to as?

    <p>Heliox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a condition associated with hypoxic respiratory failure that may be treated with heliox therapy?

    <p>Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight of helium?

    <p>4 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the density of a gas and its benefit to gas flow during ventilation under turbulent conditions?

    <p>The lower the density, the greater the benefit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the magnitude to which a fluid in motion resists flow?

    <p>Viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the viscosity of heliox 80/20?

    <p>203.6 poise (μP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components that make up the tracheobronchial tree?

    <p>Trachea, carina, left and right mainstem bronchi, lobar bronchus, segmental bronchus, bronchi, and the alveolar ducts and sacs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical weaning process for iNO?

    <p>Stepwise dose reductions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time period between iNO dose changes during weaning?

    <p>4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to optimize alveolar recruitment during iNO administration?

    <p>To increase the dilation effect on the pulmonary vasculature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common limitation of iNO therapy?

    <p>It has a high cost and requires a complex delivery system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication has been shown to ameliorate rebound PH during weaning and discontinuation of iNO therapy?

    <p>Sildenafil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be necessary when iNO reaches 1 ppm or is discontinued?

    <p>Increasing the FiO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of discontinuing iNO therapy?

    <p>Rebound PH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to endogenous NO production during iNO therapy?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur shortly following discontinuation of iNO therapy?

    <p>Increase in pulmonary artery pressure and decrease in PaO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the transitional period after discontinuation of iNO therapy?

    <p>30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to prevent rebound PH during the transitional period?

    <p>Sildenafil administration and increased FiO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

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