Pediatric Respiratory Care: Helium-Oxygen Mixtures

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary benefit of heliox therapy in reducing the work of breathing?

  • Decrease in carbon dioxide levels
  • Conversion of laminar flow to turbulent flow
  • Conversion of turbulent flow to laminar flow (correct)
  • Increase in oxygen levels

What is a condition that may delay the normal relaxation of the pulmonary bed?

  • Respiratory distress syndrome
  • Diaphragmatic hernia
  • Meconium aspiration syndrome
  • All of the above (correct)

What is a key characteristic of helium that makes it safe for use in medical treatments?

  • It is highly reactive
  • It is a corrosive gas
  • It is inert and non-toxic (correct)
  • It is toxic in high concentrations

What is the therapeutic aim of iNO administration to pediatric patients with ARDS?

<p>To reduce PH and intrapulmonary shunting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of combining helium with oxygen in medical treatments?

<p>To make the mixture compatible with life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn do not respond or sustain a response to iNO?

<p>40% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the iNOmax DSIR?

<p>To provide a constant dose of iNO to the inspiratory limb of the circuit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of failing to maintain a reliable air or oxygen gas source when using a blending system?

<p>Administration of 100% helium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Reynold's number (Re) that describes turbulent flow through a tube?

<p>Re &gt;4000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered if oxygenation and hemodynamic parameters do not improve despite interventions?

<p>ECMO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been demonstrated by multiple large studies regarding the effect of iNO?

<p>An improvement in oxygenation and a reduction in the need for ECMO (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mixture of helium and oxygen often referred to as?

<p>Heliox (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a condition associated with hypoxic respiratory failure that may be treated with heliox therapy?

<p>Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular weight of helium?

<p>4 grams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the density of a gas and its benefit to gas flow during ventilation under turbulent conditions?

<p>The lower the density, the greater the benefit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of the magnitude to which a fluid in motion resists flow?

<p>Viscosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the viscosity of heliox 80/20?

<p>203.6 poise (μP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components that make up the tracheobronchial tree?

<p>Trachea, carina, left and right mainstem bronchi, lobar bronchus, segmental bronchus, bronchi, and the alveolar ducts and sacs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical weaning process for iNO?

<p>Stepwise dose reductions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time period between iNO dose changes during weaning?

<p>4 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to optimize alveolar recruitment during iNO administration?

<p>To increase the dilation effect on the pulmonary vasculature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common limitation of iNO therapy?

<p>It has a high cost and requires a complex delivery system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication has been shown to ameliorate rebound PH during weaning and discontinuation of iNO therapy?

<p>Sildenafil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be necessary when iNO reaches 1 ppm or is discontinued?

<p>Increasing the FiO2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of discontinuing iNO therapy?

<p>Rebound PH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to endogenous NO production during iNO therapy?

<p>It decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can occur shortly following discontinuation of iNO therapy?

<p>Increase in pulmonary artery pressure and decrease in PaO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the transitional period after discontinuation of iNO therapy?

<p>30 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to prevent rebound PH during the transitional period?

<p>Sildenafil administration and increased FiO2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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